The regulation of brain states by neuroactive substances distributed via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review.
Publication year
2010Source
Cerebrospinal Fluid Research, 7, 1, (2010), pp. 1-16ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
Anatomy
Data Science
Journal title
Cerebrospinal Fluid Research
Volume
vol. 7
Issue
iss. 1
Page start
p. 1
Page end
p. 16
Subject
DCN 2: Functional Neurogenomics; Data ScienceAbstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system provides nutrients to and removes waste products from the brain. Recent findings suggest, however, that in addition, the CSF contains message molecules in the form of actively released neuroactive substances. The concentrations of these vary between locations, suggesting they are important for the changes in brain activity that underlie different brain states, and induce different sensory input and behavioral output relationships.The cranial CSF displays a rapid caudally-directed ventricular flow followed by a slower rostrally-directed subarachnoid flow (mainly towards the cribriform plate and from there into the nasal lymphatics). Thus, many brain areas are exposed to and can be influenced by substances contained in the CSF. In this review we discuss the production and flow of the CSF, including the mechanisms involved in the regulation of its composition. In addition, the available evidence for the release of neuropeptides and other neuroactive substances into the CSF is reviewed, with particular attention to the selective effects of these on distant downstream receptive brain areas. As a conclusion we suggest that (1) the flowing CSF is involved in more than just nutrient and waste control, but is also used as a broadcasting system consisting of coordinated messages to a variety of nearby and distant brain areas; (2) this special form of volume transmission underlies changes in behavioral states.
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Academic publications [238441]
- Electronic publications [122544]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [90373]
- Faculty of Science [34986]
- Open Access publications [97535]
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