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Title: Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Second Knee: 10 [sup] 14 to 10 [sup] 18 eV
Author(s): Hörandel, J.R.
Publication year: 2007
Source: Modern Physics Letters A, vol. 22, iss. 21, (2007), pp. 1533-1551
ISSN: 0217-7323
Related links: http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/abs/2007MPLA...22.1533H
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732307024139
Publication type: Article / Letter to editor

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item : http://hdl.handle.net/2066/34954   http://hdl.handle.net/2066/34954

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Subject: Astronomy
Organization: Astrophysics
Journal title:
Modern Physics Letters A
Volume: vol. 22
Issue: iss. 21
Page start: p. 1533
Page end: p. 1551
Abstract:
The energies of cosmic rays, fully ionized charged nuclei, extend over a wide range up to 1020 eV. A particularly interesting energy region spans from 1014 to 1018 eV, where the all-particle energy spectrum exhibits two interesting structures, the "knee" and the "second knee". An explanation of these features is thought to be an important step in understanding the origin of the high-energy particles. Recent results of air shower experiments in this region are discussed. Special attention is drawn to explain the principle of air shower measurements --- a simple Heitler model of (hadronic) air showers is developed.

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