Cognitive enhancement and brain stimulation in dyslexia and dyscalculia

Abstract

In this chapter, we provide an overview of different types of cognitive enhancement techniques that target key neural regions related to dyslexia and dyscalculia. The main emphasis is on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). The former sends a pulse of current through a coil to evoke a magnetic field that penetrates the skull and enters the brain. The direction of neuromodulation by TMS is controlled by the stimulation frequency.