[Disorders of the central lymphatic system]

Abstract

The central lymphatic system consists of the thoracic duct, cisterna chyli and the retroperitoneal lymphatics through which lymph and chyle flows. Disorders of the central lymphatic system can for instance lead to leakage (chylothorax), accumulation of fluid (lymphedema) and retrograde flow (protein losing enteropathy). Abnormalities in the central lymphatic system were overlooked for years, followed by lack of diagnostic and therapeutic options. This has changed, as the technique of intranodal contrast injection in inguinal lymph nodes brought renewed interest in the central lymphatic system. In this article, the importance of intranodal contrast injection in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the central lymphatic system will be presented through 3 clinical cases.