Screening and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities on electro- and echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with mitochondrial disease
Publication year
2022Source
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 136, 3, (2022), pp. 219-225ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
Cardiology
Health Evidence
Paediatrics
Internal Medicine
Neurology
Journal title
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
Volume
vol. 136
Issue
iss. 3
Page start
p. 219
Page end
p. 225
Subject
Radboudumc 16: Vascular damage RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboudumc 17: Women's cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboudumc 3: Disorders of movement DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience; Radboudumc 6: Metabolic Disorders RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Cardiology - Radboud University Medical Center; Health Evidence - Radboud University Medical Center; Internal Medicine - Radboud University Medical Center; Neurology - Radboud University Medical Center; Paediatrics - Radboud University Medical CenterAbstract
BACKGROUND: In patients with primary mitochondrial disease (MD), screening with electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is warranted according to current guidelines as structural cardiac abnormalities are frequent. This study aims to evaluate the cardiac phenotype of a large Dutch cohort of patients with MD and investigates whether ECG alone is sufficient for predicting structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, genetically confirmed MD patients >18 years old with an available ECG and TTE were included. Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Scale for Adults (NMDAS) scores were assessed. ECG's were evaluated for rhythm and conduction disorders, voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and repolarization disorders. Echocardiographic evaluation included left and right ventricular volumes and function, and presence of LVH or concentric remodeling. RESULTS: In total, 200 MD patients were included with a median age of 45 years (IQR; 37-57) of whom 36% were male. Of all MD patients, 35% had abnormalities on ECG and 61% on TTE. Most frequent structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE were: global longitudinal strain > - 18% (54%), concentric remodeling (27%) and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <52% (14%). Patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) had the highest prevalence of ECG abnormalities (50% and 47%). TTE abnormalities were most prevalent in patients with MIDD (75%), followed by mitochondrial myopathy (MM) (55%), MELAS (47%) and Mitochondrial Epilepsy and Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) (47%). MD patients with a high disease severity (NMDAS ≥21) had a higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities (44%, p = 0.039) and structural cardiac abnormalities (72%, p = 0.004) compared to patients with a NMDAS score of 11-20 and ≤ 10 (ECG: 34% and 19%; TTE: 63% and 39%). ECG abnormalities had a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 53% for structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE. CONCLUSION: MD patients frequently have cardiac involvement especially patients with MIDD, MELAS or high NMDAS score. ECG as sole screening parameter is insufficient to detect structural cardiac abnormalities.
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