Author(s):
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Krinzinger, H.; Hall, C.L.; Groom, M.J.; Ansari, M.T.; Banaschewski, T.;
Buitelaar, J.K.
; Carucci, S.; Coghill, D.; Danckaerts, M.; Dittmann, R.W.; Falissard, B.; Garas, P.; Inglis, S.K.; Kovshoff, H.; Kochhar, P.; McCarthy, S.; Nagy, P.; Neubert, A.; Roberts, S.; Sayal, K.; Sonuga-Barke, E.; Wong, I.C.K.; Xia, J.; Zuddas, A.; Hollis, C.; Konrad, K.; Liddle, E.B.
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Subject:
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Radboudumc 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience Tijdelijke code tbv inlezen publicaties Radboudumc - Alleen voor gebruik door Radboudumc |
Organization:
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Cognitive Neuroscience PI Group Memory and Emotion |
Journal title:
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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
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Abstract:
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Methylphenidate (MPH), the most common medication for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in many countries, is often prescribed for long periods of time. Any long-term psychotropic treatment in childhood raises concerns about possible adverse neurological and psychiatric outcomes. We aimed to map current evidence regarding neurological and psychiatric outcomes, adverse or beneficial, of long-term MPH (> 1year) treatment in ADHD. We coded studies using a "traffic light" system: Green: safe/favours MPH; Amber: warrants caution; Red: not safe/not well-tolerated. Un-categorisable study findings were coded as "Unclear". Although some evidence suggests an elevated risk of psychosis and tics, case reports describe remission on discontinuation. Several studies suggest that long-term MPH may reduce depression and suicide in ADHD. Evidence suggests caution in specific groups including pre-school children, those with tics, and adolescents at risk for substance misuse. We identified a need for more studies that make use of large longitudinal databases, focus on specific neuropsychiatric outcomes, and compare outcomes from long-term MPH treatment with outcomes following shorter or no pharmacological intervention.
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