Genetic and environmental aetiologies of associations between dispositional mindfulness and ADHD traits: a population-based twin study

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Title:	Genetic and environmental aetiologies of associations between dispositional mindfulness and ADHD traits: a population-based twin study
Author(s):	Siebelink, N.M.; Asherson, P.; Antonova, E.; Bogels, S.M.; Speckens, A.E.M. ; Buitelaar, J.K. ; Greven, C.U.
Publication year:	2019
Source:	European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 28, iss. 9, (2019), pp. 1241-1251
ISSN:	1018-8827
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01279-8
Publication type:	Article / Letter to editor
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item : http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208642
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Subject:	150 000 MR Techniques in Brain Function Radboudumc 13: Stress-related disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience Radboudumc 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience
Organization:	Cognitive Neuroscience Psychiatry PI Group MR Techniques in Brain Function
Journal title:	European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume:	vol. 28
Issue:	iss. 9
Page start:	p. 1241
Page end:	p. 1251
Abstract:	To get additional insight into the phenotype of attentional problems, we examined to what extent genetic and environmental factors explain covariation between lack of dispositional mindfulness and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits in youth, and explored the incremental validity of these constructs in predicting life satisfaction. We used data from a UK population-representative sample of adolescent twins (N = 1092 pairs) on lack of dispositional mindfulness [Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)], ADHD traits [Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R): inattentive (INATT) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HYP/IMP) symptom dimensions] and life satisfaction (Students' Life Satisfaction Scale). Twin model fitting analyses were conducted. Phenotypic correlations (rp) between MAAS and CPRS-R (INATT: rp = 0.18, HYP/IMP: rp = 0.13) were small, but significant and largely explained by shared genes for INATT (% rp INATT-MAAS due to genes: 93%, genetic correlation rA = 0.37) and HYP/IMP (% rp HYP/IMP-MAAS due to genes: 81%; genetic correlation rA = 0.21) with no significant contribution of environmental factors. MAAS, INATT and HYP/IMP significantly and independently predicted life satisfaction. Lack of dispositional mindfulness, assessed as self-reported perceived lapses of attention (MAAS), taps into an aspect of attentional functioning that is phenotypically and genetically distinct from parent-rated ADHD traits. The clinically relevant incremental validity of both scales implicates that MAAS could be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of an aspect of attentional functioning that uniquely affects life satisfaction and is not captured by DSM-based ADHD scales. Further future research could identify if lack of dispositional mindfulness and high ADHD traits can be targeted by different therapeutic approaches resulting in different effects on life satisfaction.