Predicting Response to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy: Are We There Yet? A Systematic Review

Fulltext:
193632.pdf
Embargo:
until further notice
Size:
1.023Mb
Format:
PDF
Description:
publisher's version
Publication year
2018Source
European Urology, 73, 5, (2018), pp. 738-748ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor

Display more detailsDisplay less details
Organization
Urology
Journal title
European Urology
Volume
vol. 73
Issue
iss. 5
Page start
p. 738
Page end
p. 748
Subject
Radboudumc 15: Urological cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboudumc 15: Urological cancers RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesAbstract
CONTEXT: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the most effective intravesical therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, reducing not only recurrence rates but also preventing progression and reducing deaths. However, response rates to BCG vary widely and are dependent on a multitude of factors. OBJECTIVE: To review existing data on clinical, pathologic, immune, and molecular markers that allow prediction of BCG response. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PubMed and MEDLINE search of English language literature was conducted from its inception to July 2017 using appropriate search terms. Following systematic literature review and analysis of data, consensus voting was used to generate the content of this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: As seen in the EORTC and CUETO risk nomograms, clinicopathologic features, especially tumor stage and grade, are the most effective predictors of BCG response. Data are less robust with regards to the association of response with age, female sex, recurrent tumors, multiplicity of tumors, and the presence of carcinoma in situ. Single biomarkers, such as tumor p53 and urinary interleukin-2 expression, have had limited success in predicting BCG response, possibly due to the multifaceted nature of the generated immune response. More comprehensive biomarker panels (eg, urinary cytokines), have a more robust correlation with response, as do patterns of urinary cytologic fluorescent in-situ hybridization examination. Gene expression data correlate with disease progression, but studies examining potential associations with BCG response are limited. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the best predictors of BCG response are clinicopathologic features such as tumor grade and stage. Panels of urinary cytokines, as well as fluorescent in-situ hybridization patterns of cytologic anomalies, appear to be promising biomarkers. The complexity of the immune response to BCG and the heterogeneity of bladder cancer suggest that future studies should amalgamate measures reflecting innate immune response and tumor/stromal gene expression before these can be adopted for clinical use. PATIENT SUMMARY: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is an effective treatment for many patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. An individual's response to BCG can be predicted by using various features of the cancer. In the future, predictive markers using molecular measures of the tumor type and the immune response to BCG may allow us to precisely know an individual's likely outcome after BCG treatment.
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Academic publications [227613]
- Electronic publications [107273]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [86193]
Upload full text
Use your RU credentials (u/z-number and password) to log in with SURFconext to upload a file for processing by the repository team.