Ocular findings in Noonan syndrome: a retrospective cohort study of 105 patients
Publication year
2018Source
European Journal of Pediatrics, 177, 8, (2018), pp. 1293-1298ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor

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Organization
Paediatrics
Human Genetics
Ophthalmology
Journal title
European Journal of Pediatrics
Volume
vol. 177
Issue
iss. 8
Page start
p. 1293
Page end
p. 1298
Subject
Radboudumc 12: Sensory disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience; Radboudumc 16: Vascular damage RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboudumc 18: Healthcare improvement science RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Radboudumc 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical NeuroscienceAbstract
The aim of this retrospective study is to describe ocular findings in a large Noonan syndrome cohort and to detect associations between ocular features and genetic mutations that were not found in earlier studies. We collected ophthalmological and genetic data of 105 patients (median age, 12 years; range, 0-60 years) clinically diagnosed as Noonan syndrome. The ocular findings were linked to the genotypes. All patients with Noonan syndrome showed multiple abnormalities in the categories of vision and refraction, external ocular features, ocular alignment and motility, anterior ocular segment, and posterior ocular segment. In total, 50 patients have NS due to a mutation in PTPN11. Permanent visual impairment (bilateral best-corrected visual acuity < 0.3) was found in 7 patients, including patients with a mutation in RAF1, SHOC2, and KRAS. Keratoconus was found in 2 PTPN11 positive patients, and prominent corneal nerves were observed in a patient with a SOS1 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an overview of ocular abnormalities in Noonan syndrome, including permanent visual impairment caused by binocular optic nerve abnormalities and nystagmus. Delay in ophthalmological diagnosis is still present, also in patients with visual impairment. All Noonan syndrome patients should have a complete ophthalmological examination at the time of diagnosis. What is Known: * Although we discover more pathogenic mutations in patients with Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome still is a clinical diagnosis * Ocular features of Noonan syndrome are characterized by developmental anomalies of the eyelids and associated with other ocular abnormalities in childhood (including refractive errors, strabismus and amblyopia). What is New: * There seems to be a delay in the ophthalmological diagnosis and awareness of the broad variety ofophthalmological features including refractive errors and visual impairment in Noonan syndrome is needed. All children should have a full ophthalmological examination at the time of diagnosis. * Permanent visual impairment (best-corrected visual acuity < 0.3) is found in patients with mutations in RAF1, SHOC2, and KRAS and the cause is probably a developmental disorder of the optic nerves.
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Academic publications [203856]
- Electronic publications [102308]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [80326]
- Open Access publications [70959]
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