Why and Where do We Miss Significant Prostate Cancer with Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging followed by Magnetic Resonance-guided and Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Biopsy in Biopsy-naive Men?

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Title:	Why and Where do We Miss Significant Prostate Cancer with Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging followed by Magnetic Resonance-guided and Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Biopsy in Biopsy-naive Men?
Author(s):	Schouten, M.G.; Leest, M.M. van der; Pokorny, M.; Hoogenboom, M.; Barentsz, J.O. ; Thompson, L.C.; Futterer, J.J.
Publication year:	2017
Source:	European Urology, vol. 71, iss. 6, (2017), pp. 896-903
ISSN:	0302-2838
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.12.006
Publication type:	Article / Letter to editor
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item : https://hdl.handle.net/2066/174890
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Subject:	Radboudumc 0: Other Research RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboudumc 15: Urological cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboudumc 15: Urological cancers RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
Organization:	Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
Journal title:	European Urology
Volume:	vol. 71
Issue:	iss. 6
Page start:	p. 896
Page end:	p. 903
Abstract:	BACKGROUND: Knowledge of significant prostate (sPCa) locations being missed with magnetic resonance (MR)- and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy (Bx) may help to improve these techniques. OBJECTIVE: To identify the location of sPCa lesions being missed with MR- and TRUS-Bx. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In a referral center, 223 consecutive Bx-naive men with elevated prostate specific antigen level and/or abnormal digital rectal examination were included. Histopathologically-proven cancer locations, Gleason score, and tumor length were determined. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent multi-parametric MRI and 12-core systematic TRUS-Bx. MR-Bx was performed in all patients with suspicion of PCa on multi-parametric MRI (n=142). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Cancer locations were compared between MR- and TRUS-Bx. Proportions were expressed as percentages, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 191 lesions were found in 108 patients with sPCa. From these lesion 74% (141/191) were defined as sPCa on either MR- or TRUS-Bx. MR-Bx detected 74% (105/141) of these lesions and 61% (86/141) with TRUS-Bx. TRUS-Bx detected more lesions compared with MR-Bx (140 vs 109). However, these lesions were often low risk (39%). Significant lesions missed with MR-Bx most often had involvement of dorsolateral (58%) and apical (37%) segments and missed segments with TRUS-Bx were located anteriorly (79%), anterior midprostate (50%), and anterior apex (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques have difficulties in detecting apical lesions. MR-Bx most often missed cancer with involvement of the dorsolateral part (58%) and TRUS-Bx with involvement of the anterior part (79%). PATIENT SUMMARY: Both biopsy techniques miss cancer in specific locations within the prostate. Identification of these lesions may help to improve these techniques.