Activin Receptor-Like Kinase Receptors ALK5 and ALK1 Are Both Required for TGFbeta-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Publication year
2015Source
PLoS One, 10, 12, (2015), article e0146124ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
Rheumatology
Radboudumc Extern
Journal title
PLoS One
Volume
vol. 10
Issue
iss. 12
Subject
Radboudumc 5: Inflammatory diseases RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising for cartilage regeneration because BMSCs can differentiate into cartilage tissue-producing chondrocytes. Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFbeta) is crucial for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and is known to signal via Activin receptor-Like Kinase (ALK) receptors ALK5 and ALK1. Since the specific role of these two TGFbeta receptors in chondrogenesis is unknown, we investigated whether ALK5 and ALK1 are expressed in BMSCs and whether both receptors are required for chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. MATERIALS & METHODS: ALK5 and ALK1 gene expression in human BMSCs was determined with RT-qPCR. To induce chondrogenesis, human BMSCs were pellet-cultured in serum-free chondrogenic medium containing TGFbeta1. Chondrogenesis was evaluated by aggrecan and collagen type IIalpha1 RT-qPCR analysis, and histological stainings of proteoglycans and collagen type II. To overexpress constitutively active (ca) receptors, BMSCs were transduced either with caALK5 or caALK1. Expression of ALK5 and ALK1 was downregulated by transducing BMSCs with shRNA against ALK5 or ALK1. RESULTS: ALK5 and ALK1 were expressed in in vitro-expanded as well as in pellet-cultured BMSCs from five donors, but mRNA levels of both TGFbeta receptors did not clearly associate with chondrogenic induction. TGFbeta increased ALK5 and decreased ALK1 gene expression in chondrogenically differentiating BMSC pellets. Neither caALK5 nor caALK1 overexpression induced cartilage matrix formation as efficient as that induced by TGFbeta. Moreover, short hairpin-mediated downregulation of either ALK5 or ALK1 resulted in a strong inhibition of TGFbeta-induced chondrogenesis. CONCLUSION: ALK5 as well as ALK1 are required for TGFbeta-induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and TGFbeta not only directly induces chondrogenesis, but also modulates ALK5 and ALK1 receptor signaling in BMSCs. These results imply that optimizing cartilage formation by mesenchymal stem cells will depend on activation of both receptors.
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Academic publications [245262]
- Electronic publications [132601]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [93207]
- Open Access publications [106237]
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