TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Bijzet, J. AU - Voorbij, H.A.M. AU - Mantovani, A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13822 PB - Blackwell publishing ltd TI - Effect of inflammatory attacks in the classical type hyper-IgD syndrome on immunoglobulin D, cholesterol and parameters of the acute phase response EP - 253 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 247 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 256 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Graaf, C. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13837 PB - Federation amer soc exp biol TI - Toll-like receptors and the host defense against microbial pathogens: bringing specificity to the innate-immune system EP - 755 SN - 0741-5400 IS - iss. 5 SP - 749 JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology VL - vol. 75 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/13837/13837.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Ley, P. van der AU - Verver-Jansen, T.J.G. AU - Jacobs, L.E.H. AU - Stalenhoef, A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13818 PB - Lipid research inc TI - Human lipoproteins have divergent neutralizing effects on E-coli LPS, N-meningitidis LPS, and complete Gram-negative bacteria EP - 749 SN - 0022-2275 IS - iss. 4 SP - 742 JF - Journal of Lipid Research (Online) VL - vol. 45 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuyt, P.M.J. AU - Graaf, J. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13816 PB - Van zuiden communications TI - Who does become an internist? EP - 101 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 3 SP - 98 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/13816/13816.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Kremer, H.P.H. AU - Wevers, R.A. AU - Scheffer, H. AU - Jong, J.G. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13821 PB - Lippincott williams & wilkins TI - Mevalonate kinase deficiency - Evidence for a phenotypic continuum EP - 997 SN - 0028-3878 IS - iss. 6 SP - 994 JF - Neurology VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13840 PB - Elsevier science london TI - Toll-like receptors as an escape mechanism from the host defense EP - 488 SN - 0966-842X IS - iss. 11 SP - 484 JF - Trends in Microbiology VL - vol. 12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mirre, E. van AU - Teeling, J.L. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Meeker, W.K. AU - Hack, C.E. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13844 PB - Amer assoc immunologists TI - Monomeric IgG in intravenous Ig preparations is a functional antagonist of Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIIIb EP - 339 SN - 0022-1767 IS - iss. 1 SP - 332 JF - Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crevel, R. van AU - Doorninck, D.J. van AU - Ams, J.E. van AU - Tjon Kon Fat, H. AU - Vreden, S.G.S. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13868 TI - Tuberculose onder Trio-indianen in Suriname EP - 429 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 9 SP - 425 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Kleijn, E.M.H.A. de AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13877 PB - Springer-verlag TI - Clinical value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation EP - 37 SN - 1619-7070 IS - iss. 1 SP - 29 JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging VL - vol. 31 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13878 PB - Springer TI - Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of diagnostic value of F-18-FDG PET and In-111-granulocyte scintigraphy EP - 1343 SN - 1619-7070 IS - iss. 9 SP - 1342 JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging VL - vol. 31 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Jager, G. AU - Tack, C.J. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13879 PB - Blackwell publishing ltd TI - F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography leading to a diagnosis of septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein: description of a case history and review of the literature EP - 423 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 419 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 255 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Bredie, S.J.H. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13880 TI - Fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of three patients with vasculitis EP - 53 SN - 0002-9343 IS - iss. 1 SP - 50 JF - American Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 116 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Gijzen, K. AU - Coolen, N. AU - Verschueren, I. AU - Figdor, C.G. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Torensma, R. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/27251 PB - Elsevier science bv TI - Human dendritic cells are less potent at killing Candida albicans than both monocytes and macrophages EP - 989 SN - 1286-4579 IS - iss. 11 SP - 985 JF - Microbes and Infection VL - vol. 6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vonk, A.G. AU - Bont, N. de AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Demacker, P.N.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13807 PB - Taylor & francis ltd TI - Apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis EP - 348 SN - 1369-3786 IS - iss. 4 SP - 341 JF - Medical Mycology VL - vol. 42 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Bodar, E.J. AU - Hilst, J.C.H. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Fiselier, T.J.W. AU - Cuppen, M.P.J.M. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13823 TI - Beneficial response to interleukin I receptor antagonist in traps EP - 210 SN - 0002-9343 IS - iss. 3 SP - 208 JF - American Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 117 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Jack, D.L. AU - Klein, N.J. AU - Turner, M.W. AU - Ley, P. van der AU - Steeghs, L. AU - Jacobs, L. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13819 PB - Academic press ltd elsevier science ltd TI - Mannose binding lectin enhances IL-1 beta and IL-10 induction by non-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components of Neisseria meningitidis EP - 66 SN - 1043-4666 IS - iss. 2 SP - 59 JF - Cytokine VL - vol. 28 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Lamberts, S.W.J. AU - Buchwald, D. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13846 PB - Blackwell publishing ltd TI - Dr Baschetti rides/writes again EP - 317 SN - 0014-2972 IS - iss. 4 SP - 317 JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation VL - vol. 34 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Hijmans, A. AU - Wissen, S. van AU - Smilde, T.J. AU - Trip, M.D. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Boo, T. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Stalenhorf, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13834 PB - Blackwell publishing ltd TI - Toll-like receptor-4 Asp299Gly polymorphism does not influence progression of atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia EP - 99 SN - 0014-2972 IS - iss. 2 SP - 94 JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation VL - vol. 34 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Hijmans, A. AU - Wissen, S. van AU - Smilde, T.J. AU - Trip, M.D. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Boo, T. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13838 PB - Blackwell publishing ltd TI - Toll-like receptor-4 Asp299Gly polymorphism does not influence progression of atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (Erratum: vol 34, pg 94, 2004) EP - 322 SN - 0014-2972 IS - iss. 4 SP - 322 JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation VL - vol. 34 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Graaf, C. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13841 PB - Springer TI - Recognition of fungal pathogens by Toll-like receptors EP - 676 SN - 0934-9723 IS - iss. 9 SP - 672 JF - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 23 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wieringa, F.T. AU - Dijkhuizen, M.A. AU - West, C.E. AU - Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der AU - Muhilal AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13803 PB - Nature publishing group TI - Reduced production of immunoregulatory cytokines in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient Indonesian infants - test EP - 1504 SN - 0954-3007 IS - iss. 11 SP - 1498 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition VL - vol. 58 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Jong, D.J. de AU - Franke, B. AU - Sprong, T. AU - Naber, T.H.J. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13836 PB - Wiley-v c h verlag gmbh TI - NOD2 mediates anti-inflammatory signals induced by TLR2 ligands: implications for Crohn's disease EP - 2059 SN - 0014-2980 IS - iss. 7 SP - 2052 JF - European Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 34 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Moller, A.S.W. AU - Bjerre, A. AU - Wedege, E. AU - Kierulf, P. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Brandtzaeg, P. AU - Deuren, M. van AU - Mollnes, T.E. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13817 PB - Amer soc microbiology TI - Complement activation and complement-dependent inflammation by Neisseria meningitidis are independent of lipopolysaccharide EP - 3349 SN - 0019-9567 IS - iss. 6 SP - 3344 JF - Infection and Immunity VL - vol. 72 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/13817/13817.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drewe, E. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Powell, R.J. AU - Kelley, R.I. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13820 PB - Mosby, inc TI - Simvastatin treatment for inflammatory attacks of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome EP - 483 SN - 0009-9236 IS - iss. 5 SP - 476 JF - Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics VL - vol. 75 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vogtlander, N.P.J. AU - Kasteren, M.E.E. van AU - Natsch, S. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Hekster, Y.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13809 PB - Amer medical assoc TI - Improving the process of antibiotic therapy in daily practice - Interventions to optimize timing, dosage adjustment to renal function, and switch therapy EP - 1212 SN - 0003-9926 IS - iss. 11 SP - 1206 JF - Archives of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 164 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Jacobs, L.E.H. AU - Verver-Jansen, T.J.G. AU - Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der AU - Galama, J.M.D. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Dinarello, C.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/13835 PB - Amer assoc immunologists TI - Chlamydia pneumoniae stimulates IFN-gamma synthesis through MyD88-dependent, TLR2- and TLR4-independent induction of IL-18 release EP - 1482 SN - 0022-1767 IS - iss. 2 SP - 1477 JF - Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 173 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lange, F.P. de AU - Kalkman, J.S. AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Hagoort, P. AU - Werf, S.P. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Toni, I. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58757 AB - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by a debilitating fatigue of unknown aetiology. Patients who suffer from CFS report a variety of physical complaints as well as neuropsychological complaints. Therefore, it is conceivable that the CNS plays a role in the pathophysiology of CFS. The purpose of this study was to investigate neural correlates of CFS, and specifically whether there exists a linkage between disturbances in the motor system and CFS. We measured behavioural performance and cerebral activity using rapid event-related functional MRI in 16 CFS patients and 16 matched healthy controls while they were engaged in a motor imagery task and a control visual imagery task. CFS patients were considerably slower on performance of both tasks, but the increase in reaction time with increasing task load was similar between the groups. Both groups used largely overlapping neural resources. However, during the motor imagery task, CFS patients evoked stronger responses in visually related structures. Furthermore, there was a marked between-groups difference during erroneous performance. In both groups, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was specifically activated during error trials. Conversely, ventral anterior cingulate cortex was active when healthy controls made an error, but remained inactive when CFS patients made an error. Our results support the notion that CFS may be associated with dysfunctional motor planning. Furthermore, the between-groups differences observed during erroneous performance point to motivational disturbances as a crucial component of CFS. TI - Neural correlates of the chronic fatigue syndrome - an fMRI study EP - 1957 SN - 0006-8950 IS - iss. Pt 9 SP - 1948 JF - Brain VL - vol. 127 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh225 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58757/58757.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bosch, R.R. AU - Pouwels, M.J.M. AU - Span, P.N. AU - Olthaar, A.J. AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Hermus, A.R.M.M. AU - Sweep, C.G.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58301 AB - Whether the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway acts as a nutrient-sensing pathway is still unclear. Glucose is directed into this pathway by GFAT. Because the activity of GFAT is tightly regulated, we examined whether UDP-hexosamine levels can increase significantly and dose-dependently in response to elevated glucose concentrations. In glucosamine-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was highly correlated with UDP-hexosamine levels (r = -0.992; p < 0.0001 for UDP-GlcNAc and r = -0.996; p < 0.0001 for UDP-GalNAc). Incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 0.1 microM insulin for 24 h in medium containing 1 and 5 mM glucose increased the rate of glucose uptake by 365% and 175% compared to untreated cells, respectively. This increase was not observed when the cells were incubated for 24 h with insulin in medium containing 10 or 25 mM glucose. However, treatment of cells with insulin and 1, 5, 10, or 25 mM glucose resulted in similar increases in levels of UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc that always amounted to approx 30-40% above baseline values. This led us to conclude that despite exposure of adipocytes to conditions of extreme and prolonged glucose disposal, the increases in cellular UDP-hexosamines were minimal and not dependent on the extracellular glucose concentration. Taken together, our results are in line with the hypothesis that in glucosamine-treated adipocytes UDP-hexosamines influence insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, our observations in glucose-treated adipocytes argue against the possibility that UDP-hexosamines function as a nutrient-sensor, and question the role of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. TI - Hexosamines are unlikely to function as a nutrient-sensor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a comparison of UDP-hexosamine levels after increased glucose flux and glucosamine treatment. EP - 24 SN - 1355-008X IS - iss. 1 SP - 17 JF - Endocrine VL - vol. 23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:23:1:17 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58301/58301.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deinum, J. AU - Steenbergen-Spanjers, G.C.H. AU - Jansen, M. AU - Boomsma, F. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. AU - Ittersum, F.J. van AU - Huck, N. AU - Heuvel, L.P.W.J. van den AU - Wevers, R.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57408 TI - DBH gene variants that cause low plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase with or without a severe orthostatic syndrome. EP - e38 SN - 0022-2593 IS - iss. 4 SP - e38 JF - Journal of Medical Genetics VL - vol. 41 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Al-Shali, K. AU - Cao, H. AU - Knoers, N.V.A.M. AU - Hermus, A.R.M.M. AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Hegele, R.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57493 AB - Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) results from coding sequence mutations either in LMNA, encoding nuclear lamin A/C, or in PPARG, encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). The LMNA form is called FPLD2 (MIM 151660), and the PPARG form is called FPLD3 (MIM 604367). We now report a 21-yr-old female with FPLD and no coding sequence mutations in either LMNA or PPARG. She was heterozygous for a novel A>G mutation at position -14 of intron B upstream of PPARG exon 1 within the promoter of the PPARgamma4 isoform. Her less severely affected father, who had features of the metabolic syndrome and a paucity of limb and gluteal fat, was also heterozygous for -14A>G. This mutation was absent among 600 alleles from normal Caucasians. A minimal promoter sequence bearing the mutation had significantly reduced promoter activity when used to drive reporter expression in in vitro expression in two cell lines, compared with the wild-type sequence. This is the first report of a human mutation in the promoter of a PPARgamma isoform. Because the mutation affects PPARgamma4 expression and is associated with FPLD, this implies that PPARgamma4 might be important for fat depot distribution and metabolism in vivo. TI - A single-base mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma4 promoter associated with altered in vitro expression and partial lipodystrophy. EP - 5660 SN - 0021-972X IS - iss. 11 SP - 5655 JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism VL - vol. 89 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0280 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/57493/57493.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Jacobs, L.E. AU - Verver-Jansen, T.J.G. AU - Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der AU - Galama, J.M.D. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Dinarello, C.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59039 AB - Recent studies suggest that inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and IFN-gamma is a prominent proinflammatory mediator in this context. However, it is unclear what stimuli are responsible for initial stimulation of IFN-gamma synthesis in the vessel wall. In the present study, we demonstrate that Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important stimulus for IFN-gamma synthesis, and this production depends on release of endogenous IL-18, IL-12, and IL-1, but not of TNF. The production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1beta from PBMC by sonicated C. pneumoniae was mediated through TLR2-dependent pathways. In contrast, C. pneumoniae stimulated the production of IL-18 through MyD88-dependent, TLR2-, TLR4-, and CD14-independent pathways, mediated by posttranscriptional mechanisms not involving de novo protein synthesis. In conclusion, C. pneumoniae is a potent stimulus of IFN-gamma production, in addition to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1beta, which may contribute to its proatherogenic effects. Most interestingly, C. pneumoniae is also a potent inducer of IL-18 production through pathways independent of TLR2 and TLR4. TI - Chlamydia pneumoniae stimulates IFN-gamma synthesis through MyD88-dependent, TLR2- and TLR4-independent induction of IL-18 release. EP - 1482 SN - 0022-1767 IS - iss. 2 SP - 1477 JF - Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 173 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.1477 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59039/59039.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Sutmuller, R.P.M. AU - Hermann, C. AU - Smits-van der Graaf, C.A.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Krieken, J.H.J.M. van AU - Hartung, T. AU - Adema, G.J. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59239 AB - Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 play a pivotal role in recognition of Candida albicans. We demonstrate that TLR2(-/-) mice are more resistant to disseminated Candida infection, and this is associated with increased chemotaxis and enhanced candidacidal capacity of TLR2(-/-) macrophages. Although production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta is normal, IL-10 release is severely impaired in the TLR2(-/-) mice. This is accompanied by a 50% decrease in the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cell population in TLR2(-/-) mice. In vitro studies confirmed that enhanced survival of Treg cells was induced by TLR2 agonists. The deleterious role of Treg cells on the innate immune response during disseminated candidiasis was underscored by the improved resistance to this infection after depletion of Treg cells. In conclusion, C. albicans induces immunosuppression through TLR2-derived signals that mediate increased IL-10 production and survival of Treg cells. This represents a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of fungal infections. TI - Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses immunity against Candida albicans through induction of IL-10 and regulatory T cells. EP - 3718 SN - 0022-1767 IS - iss. 6 SP - 3712 JF - Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 172 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3712 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burger, D.M. AU - Grintjes, K.J. AU - Lotgering, F.K. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59265 AB - One of the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may be the use of antiretroviral agents during pregnancy. We report on a case in which repeated low plasma levels of nelfinavir were observed. After an initial good virologic response, virologic failure appeared to occur, and dose modifications guided by TDM were performed. Although a causal relationship cannot be proven, viral load became undetectable after our interventions. A healthy uninfected daughter was born. TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring of nelfinavir in pregnancy: a case report. EP - 578 SN - 0163-4356 IS - iss. 5 SP - 576 JF - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring VL - vol. 26 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200410000-00017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Theelen, T. AU - Meulendijks, C.F.M. AU - Geurts, D. AU - Leeuwen, A.M. van AU - Voet, N.B.M. AU - Deutman, A.F. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58178 AB - AIM: To evaluate whether intraocular pressure (IOP) calculation by applanation tonometry is determined more essentially by the subject's neck position or by neck constriction. METHODS: 23 right eyes of 23 healthy subjects (12 male, 11 female) were included. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry with the TonoPen on sitting participants under four different conditions: with open collar upright (A) or with the head in the headrest of a slit lamp (B), with a tight necktie upright (C) or in slit lamp position (D). All measurements with neck constriction were performed 3 minutes after placing the necktie. RESULTS: Mean IOP was 16.9 (SD 2.3) mm Hg (range 11-21 mm Hg) (A), 18.1 (SD 2.2) mm Hg (range 14-22 mm Hg) (B), 17.9 (SD 2.9) mm Hg (range 12-25 mm Hg) (C) and 18.7 (SD 2.7) mm Hg (range 13-24 mm Hg) (D). Mean IOP increased by 1.3 (SD 2.6) mm Hg (p = 0.028, paired t test, range +0.2 to +2.4 mm Hg) if subjects changed position from A to B. There was no statistically significant difference between measurements with or without neck constriction. CONCLUSION: Applanation tonometry may be inaccurate if performed in slit lamp position. In contrast, tight neckties do not significantly affect IOP evaluation in healthy subjects. TI - Impact factors on intraocular pressure measurements in healthy subjects. EP - 1511 SN - 0007-1161 IS - iss. 12 SP - 1510 JF - British Journal of Ophthalmology VL - vol. 88 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.049924 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deinum, J. AU - Meiracker, A.H. van den AU - Boomsma, F. AU - Ittersum, F.J. van AU - Wevers, R.A. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58971 AB - The DBH gene encodes dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), the enzyme that catalyses the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. Inactivation of this enzyme due to a mutation of the DBH gene causes a selective (nor)-adrenergic failure of the sympathetic nervous system. This manifests as a severe orthostatic syndrome in which sweating and a normal parasympathetic function are preserved. Several mutations of the DBH gene that cause this very rare syndrome have now been identified. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical features and the finding of increased plasma dopamine in the near-absence of norepinephrine. A sole finding of absent plasma DbetaH is insufficient, since about 4% of the population have absent DbetaH. This trait cosegregates with a polymorphism in the promoter region of the DBH gene and is not associated with sympathetic failure. The orthostatic syndrome of DbetaH deficiency can be treated with the non-natural amino acid L-dihydroxyphenylserine, which is decarboxylated to norepinephrine by the ubiquitous aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase. TI - [From gene to disease; dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency and orthostatic hypotension] EP - 1775 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 36 SP - 1771 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Lamberts, S.W.J. AU - Buchwald, D. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57829 TI - Dr Baschetti rides/writes again. EP - 317 SN - 0014-2972 IS - iss. 4 SP - 317 JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation VL - vol. 34 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01328.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Ley, P. van der AU - Verver-Jansen, T.J.G. AU - Jacobs, L.E. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58282 AB - The use of lipoproteins has been suggested as a treatment for Gram-negative sepsis because they inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cytokine production. However, little is known about the neutralizing effects of lipoproteins on cytokine production by meningococcal LPS or whole Gram-negative bacteria. We assessed the neutralizing effect of LDLs, HDLs, and VLDLs on LPS- or whole bacteria-induced cytokines in human mononuclear cells. A strong inhibition of Escherichia coli LPS-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-10 by LDL and HDL was seen, whereas VLDL had a less pronounced effect. In contrast, Neisseria meningitidis LPS, in similar concentrations, was neutralized much less effectively than E. coli LPS. Effective neutralization of meningococcal LPS required a longer interaction time, a lower concentration of LPS, or higher concentrations of lipoproteins. The difference in neutralization was independent of the saccharide tail, suggesting that the lipid A moiety accounted for the difference. Minimal neutralizing effects of the lipoproteins were observed on whole E. coli or N. meningitidis bacteria under all conditions tested. These results indicate that efficient neutralization of LPS depends on the type of LPS, but a sufficiently long interaction time, a low LPS concentration, or high lipoprotein concentration also inhibited cytokines by the less efficiently neutralized N. meningitidis LPS. Irrespective of these differences, whole bacteria showed no neutralization by lipoproteins. TI - Human lipoproteins have divergent neutralizing effects on E. coli LPS, N. meningitidis LPS, and complete Gram-negative bacteria. EP - 749 SN - 0022-2275 IS - iss. 4 SP - 742 JF - Journal of Lipid Research (Online) VL - vol. 45 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300453-JLR200 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meijer, K. AU - Haagsma, E.B. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57446 TI - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of high-dose interferon-alpha induction treatment combined with ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in hemophilia. EP - 196 SN - 1538-7933 IS - iss. 1 SP - 194 JF - Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis VL - vol. 2 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.0562c.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koraka, P. AU - Murgue, B. AU - Deparis, X. AU - Gorp, E. van AU - Setiati, T.E. AU - Osterhaus, A.D. AU - Groen, J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58602 AB - Approximately 1,000 million infections with dengue viruses are estimated to occur annually. The majority of the cases develop mild disease, whereas only small proportion of the infected individuals develop severe hemorrhagic manifestations at the end of the acute phase of illness. In this study, the value of plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of dengue illness was investigated in children with dengue infections of varying severity. The plasma levels of soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in serial plasma samples obtained from 168 children aged between 7 months and 14 years with confirmed dengue infection. Of those children, 71 were suffering from dengue fever, 30 were suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 67 were suffering from dengue shock syndrome. Plasma samples obtained from 21 patients with febrile illness other than dengue served as controls. A commercially available kit (R&D Systems, Oxon, UK) was used to measure the levels of sVCAM-1 in plasma samples. sVCAM-1 was elevated during acute dengue infection, and significantly elevated among dengue shock syndrome patients as compared to dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever patients (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that sVCAM-1 was associated with dengue disease severity and the time post infection (acute vs. convalescent phase) and not with age, sex, or previous exposure of the patients to dengue infection. A significant difference was found in the plasma levels of sVCAM-1 between dengue shock syndrome and dengue fever patients, however, the prognostic value of this marker in the acute stage of dengue illness proved to be limited. These data also favor to study the further elucidation of the role of sVCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of dengue infections. TI - Elevation of soluble VCAM-1 plasma levels in children with acute dengue virus infection of varying severity. EP - 450 SN - 0146-6615 IS - iss. 3 SP - 445 JF - Journal of Medical Virology VL - vol. 72 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruin, R.A. de AU - Bouhuizen, A. AU - Diederich, S. AU - Perschel, F.H. AU - Boomsma, F. AU - Deinum, J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59098 AB - BACKGROUND: Measurement of plasma renin is important for the treatment of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and in the evaluation of patients with suspected hyperaldosteronism. Immunologic assays for plasma renin offer easier implementation and standardization than enzyme-kinetic assays for plasma renin activity, but their sensitivity and specificity have been questioned. We studied a renin immunochemiluminescence assay on an automated platform. METHODS: Renin was measured by an enzymatic assay, by IRMA, and by the new Nichols Advantage Specialty System immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA), in plasmas from unselected individuals from our outpatient departments and in samples from patients with selected diagnoses. RESULTS: The detection limit in the ICMA was 0.1 mU/L. The recovery was >90%, and the imprecision (CV) was generally <9%. Mean (SD) concentrations measured by ICMA were 32 (21)% lower than those measured by IRMA. Renin concentrations as measured by ICMA were identical in serum and EDTA-, heparin-, and citrate-anticoagulated plasmas. Prolonged incubation of whole blood at room temperature before centrifugation did not affect renin concentrations. The central 95% interval for 80 healthy adults was 6-85.5 mU/L. Plasma renin as assessed by ICMA in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism was <0.2 mU/L. CONCLUSIONS: The performance characteristics of the new renin ICMA allow its use for patients with CAH and for the diagnosis of mineralocorticoid hypertension. In view of the variability of renin concentrations, use for other forms of hypertension or physiologic research calls for the development of uniform sampling protocols. TI - Validation of a new automated renin assay. EP - 2116 SN - 0009-9147 IS - iss. 11 SP - 2111 JF - Clinical Chemistry VL - vol. 50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032052 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mook, W.N. van AU - Koek, G.H. AU - Ven, A.J.A.M. van der AU - Ceelen, T.L. AU - Bos, R.P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58281 AB - Spirochaetes are well known causative agents of diarrhoea in veterinary medicine. In human medicine the relationship between presence of spirochaetes in the colon on the one hand, and its clinical significance on the other, is far less clear. In the majority of cases the colonization of the colon with these micro-organisms seems to represent a commensal relationship with the host, and is almost always a coincidental finding with no association with the clinical symptoms of the patient whatsoever. Very infrequently the organism may become invasive. In this article the literature on human intestinal spirochaetosis is reviewed, and key points for daily clinical practice are emphasized. TI - Human intestinal spirochaetosis: any clinical significance? EP - 87 SN - 0954-691X IS - iss. 1 SP - 83 JF - European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology VL - vol. 16 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200401000-00013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Jack, D.L. AU - Klein, N.J. AU - Turner, M.W. AU - Ley, P. van der AU - Steeghs, L. AU - Jacobs, L. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57232 AB - Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule in the lectin pathway of complement activation, and likely of importance in our innate defence against meningococcal infection. We evaluated the role of MBL in cytokine induction by LPS or non-LPS components of Neisseria meningitidis, using a meningococcal mutant deficient for LPS. Binding experiments showed that MBL exhibited low, but significant binding to encapsulated LPS+ meningococci (H44/76) and LPS-deficient (LPS-) meningococci (H44/76lpxA). Experiments with human mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that MBL significantly augmented IL-1beta production after stimulation with LPS+ and LPS- meningococci, in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, IL-10 production was enhanced after stimulation with LPS- meningococci. In contrast, TNFalpha, IL-6 and IFNgamma productions were unaffected. No effect of MBL was observed on cytokine induction by meningococcal LPS. MBL enhanced cytokine production at concentrations >10(7) meningococci. It is concluded that MBL interacts with non-LPS components of N. meningitidis and in this way modulates the cytokine response. TI - Mannose binding lectin enhances IL-1beta and IL-10 induction by non-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components of Neisseria meningitidis. EP - 66 SN - 1043-4666 IS - iss. 2 SP - 59 JF - Cytokine VL - vol. 28 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2004.06.007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodenburg, J. AU - Wiegman, A. AU - Vissers, M.N. AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57340 AB - We describe a 9-year-old Iranian boy with tuberous xanthomas, elevated LDL-cholesterol levels of 15.5 mmol/l, and vague complaints of chest pain while playing soccer. The consanguineous parents of the boy had normal cholesterol concentrations, which indicated an autosomal recessive disorder rather than autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolaemia. The diagnosis of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia (ARH) was confirmed by the presence of a mutation in the phosphotyrosine binding domain of a putative adaptor protein, which prevents normal internalisation of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in the liver. The clinical phenotype of ARH is similar to that of classical homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia caused by defects in the LDLR gene, but it is more variable, generally less severe, and more responsive to lipid-lowering therapy. The patient's complaints of chest pain were not caused by ischaemia as was tested by an exercise and 24-hour electrocardiogram and by a myocardial perfusion scan. His LDL-C dropped by about 6o% after being treated with a combination of 40 mg atorvastatin and 10 mg ezetimibe. TI - A boy with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia. EP - 93 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 3 SP - 89 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brouwer, A.E. AU - Rajanuwong, A. AU - Chierakul, W. AU - Griffin, G.E. AU - Larsen, R.A. AU - White, N.J. AU - Harrison, T.S. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57447 AB - BACKGROUND: It frequently takes more than 2 weeks for drug treatments for cryptococcal meningitis to sterilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In-vitro and animal studies lend support to the use of combinations of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcosis. We compared the fungicidal activity of combinations of these drugs for initial treatment of patients with cryptococcal meningitis. METHODS: 64 patients with a first episode of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis were randomised to initial treatment with: amphotericin B (0.7 mg/kg daily); amphotericin B plus flucytosine (100 mg/kg daily); amphotericin B plus fluconazole (400 mg daily); or triple therapy with amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole. Our primary endpoint was fungicidal activity, measured by the rate of reduction in CSF cryptococcal colony-forming units (CFU) from serial quantitative CSF cultures on days 3, 7, and 14 of treatment. FINDINGS: Baseline CSF CFU counts were an important prognostic factor. Clearance of cryptococci from the CSF was exponential and was significantly faster with amphotericin B plus flucytosine than with amphotericin B alone (p=0.0006), amphotericin B plus fluconazole ( p=0.02), or triple therapy (p=0.02). INTERPRETATION: At these doses, amphotericin B plus flucytosine is the most rapidly fungicidal regimen. Quantification of CSF cultures provides a powerful new means to accurately assess the fungicidal activity of new treatment regimens for cryptococcal meningitis. TI - Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. EP - 1767 SN - 0140-6736 IS - iss. 9423 SP - 1764 JF - The Lancet (London) VL - vol. 363 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16301-0 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grooth, G.J. de AU - Klerkx, A.H. AU - Stroes, E.S. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Kuivenhoven, J.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57477 AB - Although the atheroprotective role of HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) is well documented, effective therapeutics to selectively increase plasma HDL-c levels are not yet available. Recent progress in unraveling human HDL metabolism has fuelled the development of strategies to decrease the incidence and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) by raising HDL-c. In this quest for novel drugs, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) represents a pivotal target. The role of this plasma protein in HDL metabolism is highlighted by the discovery that genetic CETP deficiency is the main cause of high HDL-c levels in Asian populations. The use of CETP inhibitors to effectively increase HDL-c concentration in humans was recently published and data with regard to the effect on human atherosclerosis are expected shortly. This review discusses the potential of CETP inhibitors to protect against atherosclerosis in the context of the current knowledge of CETP function in both rodents and humans. TI - A review of CETP and its relation to atherosclerosis. EP - 1974 SN - 0022-2275 IS - iss. 11 SP - 1967 JF - Journal of Lipid Research (Online) VL - vol. 45 DO - https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R400007-JLR200 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ginneken, E.E.M. van AU - Meijer, P. AU - Verkaik, N.S. AU - Smits, P. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57594 AB - 1. The purine nucleotide adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) exerts pronounced effects on the cardiovascular system. The mechanism of action of the vasodilator response to ATP in humans has not been elucidated yet. The proposed endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) were studied in a series of experiments, using the perfused forearm technique. 2. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (0.2, 0.6, 6 and 20 nmol dl(-1) forearm volume min(-1)) evoked a dose-dependent forearm vasodilator response, which could not be inhibited by separate infusion of the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (5 microg dl(-1) min(-1), n=10), the blocker of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase ouabain (0.2 microg dl(-1) min(-1), n=8), the blocker of K(Ca) channels tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 0.1 microg dl(-1) min(-1), n=10), nor by the K(ATP)-channel blocker glibenclamide (2 microg dl(-1) min(-1), n=10). All blockers, except glibenclamide, caused a significant increase in baseline vascular tone. The obtained results might be due to compensatory actions of unblocked EDRFs. Combined infusion of TEA, indomethacin and l-NMMA (n=6) significantly increased the baseline forearm vascular resistance. The ATP-induced relative decreases in forearm vascular resistance were 48+/-5, 67+/-3, 88+/-2, and 92+/-2% in the absence and 23+/-7, 62+/-4, 89+/-2, and 93+/-1% in the presence of the combination of TEA, indomethacin and l-NMMA (P<0.05, repeated-measures ANOVA, n=6). A similar inhibition was obtained for sodium nitroprusside (SNP, P<0.05 repeated-measures ANOVA, n=6), indicating a nonspecific interaction due to the blocker-induced vasoconstriction. 3. ATP-induced vasodilation in the human forearm cannot be inhibited by separate infusion of indomethacin, ouabain, glibenclamide or TEA, or by a combined infusion of TEA, indomethacin, and l-NMMA. Endothelium-independent mechanisms and involvement of unblocked EDRFs, such as CO, might play a role, and call for further studies. TI - ATP-induced vasodilation in human skeletal muscle. EP - 850 SN - 0007-1188 IS - iss. 5 SP - 842 JF - British Journal of Pharmacology VL - vol. 141 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705589 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pickkers, P. AU - Rosendaal, A.J. van AU - Hoeven, J.G. van der AU - Smits, P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57698 AB - Sepsis-induced vasodilation is characterized by an attenuated sensitivity to vasoconstrictor substances such as norepinephrine, possibly mediated by activation of vascular potassium channels. We determined whether vasodilation associated with potassium channel activation resulted in an attenuated vasoconstrictive response to norepinephrine in humans and whether the vasodilation associated with potassium channel activation could be inhibited by pharmacological potassium channel blockers. In 30 volunteers, the brachial artery was cannulated for infusion of drugs. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured in both arms using strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography. Forearm vascular resistance (FVR, mean arterial pressure/FBF) was calculated. The effects of vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) or diazoxide (activator of the ATP-dependent potassium channel) on norepinephrine-mediated vasoconstriction were examined. Also, the effects of potassium channel blockers on vasodilation associated with potassium channel activation were determined. Intraarterial SNP infusion (2 microg/min/dL) increased forearm blood flow by 235%, from (mean +/- SEM) 2.8 +/- 0.7 to 9.4 +/- 1.5 mL/min/dL (P < 0.0001). Subsequent norepinephrine infusion (10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ng/min/dL) increased FVR dose-dependently from 13 +/- 4 AU to 249 +/- 45 AU at the highest norepinephrine infusion. Intraarterial diazoxide infusion (1 mg/min/dL) increased FBF by 209% from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 6.8 +/- 1.0 mL/min/dL (P < 0.001). Subsequent norepinephrine infusion increased FVR from 18 +/- 5 to 51 +/- 6 AU at the highest norepinephrine infusion rate (n = 10), significantly different from the norepinephrine-induced effects during SNP coinfusion (P < 0.001). Diazoxide-induced fall in FVR in the infused forearm was inhibited by potassium channel blockers tetraethyl ammonium (1 mg/min/dL, n = 10, P = 0.004) and quinine (50 microg/min/dL, n = 10, P = 0.016). Vasodilation induced by vascular potassium channel activation is associated with an impressive reduction in the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine in humans. In accordance with animal experiments, this indicates that potassium channel activation could account for the diminished norepinephrine sensitivity in septic patients. Vasodilation associated with potassium channel activation can be inhibited by pharmacological potassium channel blockade. The possible role of potassium channel blockers during sepsis-induced potassium channel activation and vasodilation in humans needs further elucidation. TI - Activation of the ATP-dependent potassium channel attenuates norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the human forearm. EP - 325 SN - 1073-2322 IS - iss. 4 SP - 320 JF - Shock VL - vol. 22 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.shk.0000142250.85264.10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crevel, R. van AU - Nelwan, R.H. AU - Borst, F. AU - Sahiratmadja, E. AU - Cox, J. AU - Meij, W. van der AU - Graaff, M.J.A. de AU - Alisjahbana, B. AU - Lange, W.C.M. de AU - Burger, D.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57699 AB - To examine the bioavailability of rifampicin formulations produced in Indonesia, we conducted a single-dose, double-blind, cross-over bioavailability study. Antituberculosis drugs from three Indonesian manufacturers and one international manufacturer were compared in 12 healthy Indonesian subjects. Out of three local manufacturers, two showed equal bioavailability compared to the reference standard, and one showed slightly lower bioavailability (ratio 0.86; 90% confidence interval 0.80-0.91) and substandard rifampicin content of drug preparations. Plasma rifampicin concentrations in this study were more than three-fold higher than concentrations recently found in tuberculosis patients in Indonesia, which suggests that unknown (disease-related) determinants may reduce the bioavailability of rifampicin formulations. TI - Bioavailability of rifampicin in Indonesian subjects: a comparison of different local drug manufacturers. EP - 503 SN - 1027-3719 IS - iss. 4 SP - 500 JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease VL - vol. 8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perschel, F.H. AU - Schemer, R. AU - Seiler, L. AU - Reincke, M. AU - Deinum, J. AU - Maser-Gluth, C. AU - Mechelhoff, D. AU - Tauber, R. AU - Diederich, S. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57887 AB - BACKGROUND: The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (PAC/PRA) is the most common screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA), but it is not standardized among laboratories. We evaluated new automated assays for the simultaneous measurement of PAC and plasma renin concentration (PRC). METHODS: We studied 76 healthy normotensive volunteers and 28 patients with confirmed PHA. PAC and PRC were measured immunochemically in EDTA plasma on the Nichols Advantage chemiluminescence analyzer, and PRA was determined by an activity assay. RESULTS: In volunteers, PAC varied from 33.3 to 1930 pmol/L, PRA from 1.13 to 19.7 ng.mL(-1).h(-1) (0.215 ng.mL(-1).h(-1) = 1 pmol.L(-1).s(-1)), and PRC from 5.70 to 116 mU/L. PAC/PRA ratios ranged from 4.35 to 494 (pmol/L)/(ng.mL(-1).h(-1)) and PAC/PRC ratios from 0.69 to 71.0 pmol/mU. In PHA patients, PAC ranged from 158 to 5012 pmol/L, PRA from 0.40 to 1.70 ng.mL(-1).h(-1), and PRC from 0.80 to 11.7 mU/L. PAC/PRA ratios were between 298 and 6756 (pmol/L)/(ng.mL(-1).h(-1)) and PAC/PRC ratios between 105 and 2328 pmol/mU. Whereas PAC or PRC showed broad overlap between PHA patients and volunteers, the PAC/PRC ratio indicated distinct discrimination of these two groups at a cutoff of 71 pmol/mU. CONCLUSION: The PAC/PRC ratio offers several practical advantages compared with the PAC/PRA screening method. The present study offers preliminary evidence that it may be a useful screening test for PHA. Further studies are required to validate these results, especially in hypertensive cohorts. TI - Rapid screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism: ratio of plasma aldosterone to renin concentration determined by fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays. EP - 1655 SN - 0009-9147 IS - iss. 9 SP - 1650 JF - Clinical Chemistry VL - vol. 50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.033159 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Drewe, E. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Powell, R.J. AU - Kelley, R.I. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57893 AB - Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D (hyper-IgD) and periodic fever syndrome, a hereditary autoinflammatory syndrome, is characterized by lifelong recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation. No effective treatment is known. It is caused by a defect of mevalonate kinase, an enzyme that follows 3'-hydroxy-3'-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the isoprenoid pathway. We wanted to test the hypothesis that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase would ameliorate the inflammatory attacks. Six patients with hyper-IgD syndrome and proven mevalonate kinase deficiency were followed up for 2 treatment periods with either simvastatin, 80 mg/d, or placebo for 24 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period in a double-blind fashion. Simvastatin resulted in a drop in urinary mevalonic acid concentration in all patients and decreased the number of febrile days in 5 of 6 patients. No side effects were observed. These data offer preliminary evidence for the hypothesis that simvastatin may improve inflammatory attacks in the hyper-IgD syndrome. This highlights the anti-inflammatory properties of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. TI - Simvastatin treatment for inflammatory attacks of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome. EP - 483 SN - 0009-9236 IS - iss. 5 SP - 476 JF - Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics VL - vol. 75 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2004.01.012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abbink-Zandbergen, E.J. AU - Wal, P.S. van der AU - Sweep, C.G.J. AU - Smits, P. AU - Tack, C.J.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57764 AB - BACKGROUND: The more rapid onset of action and the shorter half-life of repaglinide may reduce the post-load glucose excursion and limit sustained insulin secretion compared to sulphonylurea (SU) derivatives. METHODS: We studied 12 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 62 +/- 2 years, BMI 28.3 +/- 1.3 kg m(-2), HbA1c 6.7 +/- 0.2%) on SU monotherapy at submaximal dose. Patients were treated for 3 weeks with repaglinide or glibenclamide in a randomized, crossover trial. At the end of each treatment period, patients underwent a 60-min hyperglycaemic clamp (glucose 12 mmol L(-1)) followed by 4-h observation (60-300 min) with frequent blood sampling for determination of glucose, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels. Before the clamp (5 min for repaglinide, 30 min for glibenclamide), patients ingested their usual morning drug dose. RESULTS: After the end of the hyperglycaemic clamp, mean plasma glucose fell to a level of 5 mmol L(-1) after approximately 150 min with repaglinide, and after approximately 190 min with glibenclamide. While initially quite similar, in the period from 240 to 300 min, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels were lower during repaglinide treatment (insulin 133 +/- 20 vs 153 +/- 25 pmol L(-1) (P < 0.05), proinsulin 14 +/- 3 vs 19 +/- 4 pmol L(-1) (P = 0.06) and C-peptide 0.81 +/- 0.19 vs 1.14 +/- 0.18 nmol L(-1) (P = 0.05) for repaglinide vs glibenclamide, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Following glucose stimulation, plasma glucose levels, and insulin concentration decrease more rapidly after repaglinide treatment than after glibenclamide. Proinsulin and C-peptide secretion tended to fall more rapidly as well. These findings are consistent with a more rapid onset and shorter duration of beta-cell stimulation associated with repaglinide. TI - Compared to glibenclamide, repaglinide treatment results in a more rapid fall in glucose level and beta-cell secretion after glucose stimulation. EP - 471 SN - 1520-7552 IS - iss. 6 SP - 466 JF - Diabetes-Metabolism Research and Reviews VL - vol. 20 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.474 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crommentuyn, K.M. AU - Mulder, J.W. AU - Mairuhu, A.T. AU - Gorp, E. van AU - Meenhorst, P.L. AU - Huitema, A.D. AU - Beijnen, J.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57134 AB - Therapeutic drug monitoring of protease inhibitors (PIs) is usually performed on plasma samples although their antiretroviral effect takes place inside cells. Little is known, however, about the intracellular accumulation and related plasma pharmacokinetics of PIs such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV). Therefore, we studied the plasma and intracellular (cell-associated) steady-state pharmacokinetics of this PI combination in a dosage of 400/100 mg twice daily in a non-randomized cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals. Plasma (0-12 h) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC; 0-8 h) samples were drawn during a 12-h dosing interval in 11 subjects. The plasma concentrations versus time curves of LPV and RTV were characterized by an irregular absorption phase showing double-peaks (Cmax) in most subjects and single-peaks in the remaining patients between 1 and 3 h after drug intake. Pre-dose concentrations of both agents in plasma were significantly higher than the concentrations at the end of the dosing interval indicating the presence of a circadian rhythm in their pharmacokinetics. The course of the intracellular concentrations versus time curves appeared to be similar to the plasma concentration curves, with the highest intracellular concentration measured 3 h after drug intake. The intracellular RTV concentrations were higher than reported in vitro EC50 values and might therefore contribute to the antiretroviral effect of LPV/RTV. The median intracellular-to-plasma concentration ratios (interquartile range) were 1.18 (0.74-2.06) and 4.59 (3.20-7.70) for LPV and RTV, respectively. In conclusion, both LPV and RTV accumulate to potential therapeutic concentrations in PBMCs. Irregular absorption and circadian plasma clearance patterns were observed for the PI combination LPV/RTV. TI - The plasma and intracellular steady-state pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients. EP - 785 SN - 1359-6535 IS - iss. 5 SP - 779 JF - Antiviral Therapy VL - vol. 9 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lesterhuis, W.J. AU - Tjioe, M. AU - Stumpenhausen, G.A. AU - Crevel, R. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57796 TI - Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis mimicking septic shock. EP - 575 SN - 0002-9343 IS - iss. 8 SP - 574 JF - American Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 116 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Bijzet, J. AU - Voorbij, H.A. AU - Mantovani, A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58612 AB - BACKGROUND: Classical type hyper-immunoglobulin D (IgD) syndrome (HIDS) is an hereditary auto-inflammatory disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, lymphadenopathy, abdominal distress and a high serum concentration of IgD. It is caused by mevalonate kinase deficiency. OBJECTIVE: To further characterize the acute phase response during fever attacks in HIDS in order to improve diagnosis. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two mevalonate kinase-deficient HIDS patients. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn during and in between febrile attacks, and concentrations ofC-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin, pentraxin 3, IgD and cholesterol in several lipoprotein fractions were determined. RESULTS: The marked acute phase response at the time of a fever attack in classical type HIDS is reflected by a rise in CRP accompanied by a moderate but statistically significant rise in procalcitonin and pentraxin 3. In only two of 22 patients, procalcitonin concentration rose above 2 ng mL(-1) during fever attack, compatible with the noninfectious nature of these attacks. Ferritin does not reach the high concentrations found in adult-onset Still's disease. Despite the defect in mevalonate kinase, a component of cholesterol metabolism, serum cholesterol did not change during attacks. IgD concentration is elevated regardless of disease activity, although there is appreciable variation during life. Its role in HIDS remains unclear. CONCLUSION: The combination of high CRP concentration plus procalcitonin concentration <2 ng mL(-1) in a symptomatic HIDS patient might indicate a febrile attack without (bacterial) infection; this observation warrants further investigation for its usefulness as a marker in clinical practice. TI - Effect of inflammatory attacks in the classical type hyper-IgD syndrome on immunoglobulin D, cholesterol and parameters of the acute phase response. EP - 253 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 247 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 256 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01359.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mairuhu, A.T. AU - Wagenaar, J. AU - Brandjes, D.P. AU - Gorp, E. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58062 AB - Dengue viruses cause a variable spectrum of disease that ranges from an undifferentiated fever to dengue fever to the potentially fatal dengue shock syndrome. Due to the increased incidence and geographical distribution of dengue in the last 50 years, dengue is becoming increasingly recognised as one of the world's major infectious diseases. This article will review clinical and diagnostic aspects of dengue virus infections. It also presents our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of severe dengue and addresses the importance of dengue virus infections in those travelling to parts of the world where dengue is endemic. TI - Dengue: an arthropod-borne disease of global importance. EP - 433 SN - 0934-9723 IS - iss. 6 SP - 425 JF - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 23 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1145-1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Krijnen, P. AU - Jaarsveld, B.C. van AU - Deinum, J. AU - Steyerberg, E.W. AU - Habbema, J.D.F. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59052 AB - The objective was to identify subgroups of patients with hypertension and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis who may benefit from immediate intervention. In the DRASTIC study, patients with hypertension, significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, and a normal or mildly impaired renal function were randomized between immediate balloon angioplasty (PTRA; n=56) and drug therapy followed by angioplasty after 3 months, if needed (Med-PTRA; n=50). In this secondary analysis of the data, changes in the renal function and blood pressure after 1 year were studied by analysis of covariance in the following subgroups: patients with positive captopril-renin challenge test, abnormal captopril renogram, recently developed hypertension, bilateral stenosis, and severe stenosis. We found a benefit of immediate angioplasty only for patients with bilateral stenosis. Their creatinine clearance had decreased (mean+/-s.d.: -4.2+/-13.5 ml/min) in the Med-PTRA group, whereas it had improved substantially (+10.0+/-15.7 ml/min) in the PTRA group (P=0.02). For patients with unilateral stenosis, the change in creatinine clearance did not differ between PTRA and Med-PTRA (+4.3+/-15.5 and +1.3+/-12.5 ml/min, respectively). The patients with bilateral stenosis also seemed to benefit most from immediate intervention with regard to blood pressure control. None of the other subgroups had a clear benefit of immediate intervention regarding renal function or blood pressure control. In conclusion, intervention should not be postponed in patients with bilateral stenosis, even if renal function is normal. Other hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease could initially well be treated by aggressive multidrug therapy alone unless hypertension persists or renal function deteriorates. TI - Which patients with hypertension and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis benefit from immediate intervention? EP - 96 SN - 0950-9240 IS - iss. 2 SP - 91 JF - Journal of Human Hypertension VL - vol. 18 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001641 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Himbergen, T.M. van AU - Roest, M. AU - Waart, F. de AU - Graaf, J. de AU - Voorbij, H.A. AU - Tits, L.J.H. van AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59069 AB - Paraoxonase (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) associated enzyme that hydrolyzes lipid peroxides in vitro, which may therefore protect against the onset of atherosclerosis. Heavy smokers are more exposed to oxidative stress and hence at high-risk for oxidative modification of LDL. Our hypothesis is that the anti-oxidative properties of PON-1 inhibit LDL oxidation, especially in populations exposed to high oxidative stress. We have studied the effects of PON-1 genotype and smoking to variation in oxidative status parameters and intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. The contribution of two common polymorphisms in the PON-1 gene (Q192R and L55M) to LDL oxidizability, autoantibodies directed against oxLDL and IMT were studied in 207 male life-long smokers. Smokers were classified into average, heavy and excessive smokers based on pack years of cigarettes smoked. PON-1 genotype was not associated with autoantibodies to oxLDL, LDL oxidizability or IMT. Smoking was associated with IMT in subgroups with the high levels of LDL, but not in the population at large. The lack of association of PON-1 genotype with oxidative status parameters and IMT suggests that PON-1 is not a major inhibitor of LDL oxidation in a population of life-long smokers. TI - Paraoxonase genotype, LDL-oxidation and carotid atherosclerosis in male life-long smokers. EP - 560 SN - 1071-5762 IS - iss. 6 SP - 553 JF - Free Radical Research VL - vol. 38 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/1071576042000206496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Porte, C.J.L. la AU - Graaff, M.J.A. de AU - Colbers, E.P.H. AU - Voncken, D.S. AU - Ibanez, S.M. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. AU - Hekster, Y.A. AU - Burger, D.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57225 AB - AIMS: A once-daily (q.d.) nucleoside-sparing regimen can prevent mitochondrial toxicity, overcome viral resistance and improve compliance. In the present study the effect of efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of once-daily nelfinavir/ritonavir was evaluated in healthy subjects. METHODS: This was a multiple-dose, open-label, single-group, two-period study in 24 healthy subjects. Each received from days 1-10 (period 1): 1875 mg nelfinavir plus 200 mg ritonavir q.d. with a 300-kcal snack. During days 11-20 (period 2) efavirenz 600 mg q.d. was added to the regimen. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after dosing on days 10 (period 1) and 20 (period 2). High-performance liquid chromatography methods were used for the determination of the concentrations of all compounds. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. RESULTS: All subjects completed the study. After the first period mean nelfinavir AUC(0-24 h), C(max) and C(24) were 49.6 mg h(-1) l(-1), 5.0 mg l(-1) and 0.37 mg l(-1), and the sum of nelfinavir plus its active metabolite M8 C(24) was 0.83 mg l(-1). The relative bioavailability, expressed as a geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) for nelfinavir AUC(0-24 h), C(max) and C(24) of period 2 compared with period 1 was: 1.30 (1.21, 1.40), 1.29 (1.19, 1.40) and 1.48 (1.32, 1.66). The sum of nelfinavir and M8 C(24) in period 2 was 0.99 mg l(-1), an increase of 19%. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The studied regimens were well tolerated. Nelfinavir/ritonavir given together with efavirenz resulted in a 48% higher mean C(24) concentration for nelfinavir, and the sum of nelfinavir and M8 C(24) concentrations was 0.99 mg l(-1). Efavirenz exposure in this study was similar to that reported previously, and therefore can be used effectively in combination with ritonavir and nelfinavir. TI - Effect of efavirenz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir boosted by ritonavir in healthy volunteers. EP - 640 SN - 0306-5251 IS - iss. 6 SP - 632 JF - British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology VL - vol. 58 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02214.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boukes, F.S. AU - Wiersma, T. AU - Beaujean, D. AU - Burgmeijer, R.J. AU - Timen, A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58898 AB - In response to the report 'Immunisation against tetanus following injuries' from the Dutch Health Council, the Dutch College of General Practitioners, the National Coordinating Body for the Control of Infectious Diseases and The Netherlands Vaccine Institute have drawn up guidelines for tetanus prophylaxis in general practice. The number of situations in which the administration of tetanus immunoglobulin or tetanus vaccine is indicated is now considerably lower. Some of the unclear aspects of the report have been further worked out and translated into definite guidelines. The guidelines are not only useful for general practitioners but deserve to be followed by all doctors treating patients with injuries. TI - [Tetanus prophylaxis in general practice] EP - 2173 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 44 SP - 2172 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vollaard, A.M. AU - Ali, S. AU - Asten, H.A.G.H. van AU - Ismid, I.S. AU - Widjaja, S. AU - Visser, L.G. AU - Surjadi, C. AU - Dissel, J.T. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58945 AB - In a previous risk factor study in Jakarta we identified purchasing street food as an independent risk factor for paratyphoid. Eating from restaurants, however, was not associated with disease. To explain these findings we compared 128 street food-vendors with 74 food handlers from restaurants in a cross-sectional study in the same study area. Poor hand-washing hygiene and direct hand contact with foods, male sex and low educational level were independent characteristics of street vendors in a logistic regression analysis. Faecal contamination of drinking water (in 65 % of samples), dishwater (in 91 %) and ice cubes (in 100 %) was frequent. Directly transmittable pathogens including S. typhi (n = 1) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (n = 6) were isolated in faecal samples in 13 (7 %) vendors; the groups did not differ, however, in contamination rates of drinking water and Salmonella isolation rates in stools. Poor hygiene of street vendors compared to restaurant vendors, in combination with faecal carriage of enteric pathogens including S. typhi, may help explain the association found between purchasing street food and foodborne illness, in particular Salmonella infections. Public health interventions to reduce transmission of foodborne illness should focus on general hygienic measures in street food trade, i.e. hand washing with soap, adequate food-handling hygiene, and frequent renewal of dishwater. TI - Risk factors for transmission of foodborne illness in restaurants and street vendors in Jakarta, Indonesia. EP - 872 SN - 0950-2688 IS - iss. 5 SP - 863 JF - Epidemiology and Infection VL - vol. 132 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268804002742 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vollaard, A.M. AU - Ali, S. AU - Asten, H.A.G.H. van AU - Widjaja, S. AU - Visser, L.G. AU - Surjadi, C. AU - Dissel, J.T. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58946 AB - CONTEXT: The proportion of paratyphoid fever cases to typhoid fever cases may change due to urbanization and increased dependency on food purchased from street vendors. For containment of paratyphoid a different strategy may be needed than for typhoid, because risk factors for disease may not coincide and current typhoid vaccines do not protect against paratyphoid fever. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in an endemic area. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-based case-control study conducted from June 2001 to February 2003 in hospitals and outpatient health centers in Jatinegara district, Jakarta, Indonesia. Enrolled participants were 1019 consecutive patients with fever lasting 3 or more days, from which 69 blood culture-confirmed typhoid cases, 24 confirmed paratyphoid cases, and 289 control patients with fever but without Salmonella bacteremia were interviewed, plus 378 randomly selected community controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood culture-confirmed typhoid or paratyphoid fever; risk factors for both diseases. RESULTS: In 1019 fever patients we identified 88 (9%) Salmonella typhi and 26 (3%) Salmonella paratyphi A infections. Paratyphoid fever among cases was independently associated with consumption of food from street vendors (comparison with community controls: odds ratio [OR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-7.91; with fever controls: OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 2.12-12.60) and flooding (comparison with community controls: OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.90-10.73; with fever controls: OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.31-8.02). By contrast, independent risk factors for typhoid fever using the community control group were mostly related to the household, ie, to recent typhoid fever in the household (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.03-5.48); no use of soap for handwashing (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06-3.46); sharing food from the same plate (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.10-3.37), and no toilet in the household (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.06-4.55). Also, typhoid fever was associated with young age in years (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98). In comparison with fever controls, risk factors for typhoid fever were use of ice cubes (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.31-3.93) and female sex (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.04-3.06). Fecal contamination of drinking water was not associated with typhoid or paratyphoid fever. We did not detect fecal carriers among food handlers in the households. CONCLUSIONS: In Jakarta, typhoid and paratyphoid fever are associated with distinct routes of transmission, with the risk factors for disease either mainly within the household (typhoid) or outside the household (paratyphoid). TI - Risk factors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Jakarta, Indonesia. EP - 2615 SN - 0098-7484 IS - iss. 21 SP - 2607 JF - Jama : Journal of the American Medical Association VL - vol. 291 DO - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.21.2607 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grooth, G.J. de AU - Smilde, T.J. AU - Wissen, S. van AU - Klerkx, A.H. AU - Zwinderman, A.H. AU - Fruchart, J.C. AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Kuivenhoven, J.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57142 AB - BACKGROUND: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the transfer of neutral lipids between lipoproteins. The role of CETP in atherogenesis is controversial. To better understand the relationships between plasma CETP levels, lipoproteins and atherosclerosis, we assessed these parameters in patients with an enhanced risk for atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated 281 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in which the effects of two statins were compared in a 2-year, randomized, double-blinded study. Patients were stratified in quartiles according to their CETP baseline levels. In addition to correlations with decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and enhanced triglyceride levels, higher CETP levels were also associated with reduced HDL particle size, and smaller and denser LDL. Statins reduced plasma CETP levels and atherogenic lipoproteins. Nevertheless, baseline CETP concentration was positively associated with IMT after 2 years of therapy. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that CETP levels are associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile and increased progression of atherosclerosis. Statin treatment improved the lipoprotein profile in FH patients, but to a lesser extent in those with high CETP levels. These findings might imply that statin treatment does not entirely counteract the lipoprotein abnormalities associated with high CETP levels. TI - The relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein levels and risk factor profile in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. EP - 267 SN - 0021-9150 IS - iss. 2 SP - 261 JF - Atherosclerosis VL - vol. 173 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Salimans, M.M. AU - Bax, W.A. AU - Stegeman, F. AU - Deuren, M. van AU - Bartelink, A.K.M. AU - Dijk, H.A. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58481 AB - In a recent report, our group presented clinical research data supporting the role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency in susceptibility to meningococcal disease (W. A. Bax, O. J. J. Cluysenaer, A. K. M. Bartelink, P. C. Aerts, R. A. B. Ezekowitz, and H. van Dijk, Lancet 354:1094-1095, 1999). This association was reported earlier by Hibberd et al. (M. L. Hibberd, M. Sumiya, J. A. Summerfield, R. Booy, M. Levin, and the Meningococcal Research Group, Lancet 353:1049-1053, 1999) but was not based on family data. Our study included three members of one family who had acquired meningococcal meningitis in early adulthood. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the genotypes of the MBL gene in this family, analyzed by PCR, correlate with MBL concentrations. We found that genotype variants in the MBL gene and promoter region match the low functional MBL levels (<0.25 microg of equivalents/ml) in the sera of the three patients in this family and that a significant correlation between genotype MBL deficiency and meningococcal disease existed. TI - Association between familial deficiency of mannose-binding lectin and mutations in the corresponding gene and promoter region. EP - 807 SN - 1071-412X IS - iss. 4 SP - 806 JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology VL - vol. 11 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.4.806-807.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58481/58481.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Soetevent, C. AU - Klemm, P.L. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Bredie, S.J.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59111 TI - Vascular graft infection in aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypass surgery: clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies and results of surgical treatment EP - 452 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 11 SP - 446 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Himbergen, T.M. van AU - Roest, M. AU - Graaf, J. de AU - Jansen, E.H. AU - Hattori, H. AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Voorbij, H.A. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Tits, L.J.H. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58095 TI - Indications for a contribution of paraoxonase type-1 to plasma high density lipoprotein levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. EP - 451 SN - 0022-2275 IS - iss. 3 SP - 445 JF - Journal of Lipid Research (Online) VL - vol. Dec 1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kellie, S.J. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. AU - Earl, J. AU - Nath, C. AU - Roebuck, D. AU - Uges, D.R.A. AU - Graaf, S.S.N. de PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58106 AB - BACKGROUND: Vincristine (VCR) is widely used to treat patients with malignant disease; among the patients treated with VCR are children with brain tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the cytotoxic activity of VCR is related to both extracellular concentration and duration of exposure. The attainment of higher plasma concentrations by injecting larger bolus doses of VCR has been limited by concerns about neurotoxicity. One possible alternative strategy for enhancing the antitumor efficacy of VCR involves prolonging the duration of in vivo exposure. Therefore, the authors explored the neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of VCR administered via a 96-hour continuous infusion after administration of a conventional bolus dose in a pediatric population. METHODS: The current study included 16 patients, 11 of whom were males. The median age of the study population was 4.8 years (range, 1.7-15.8 years). The diagnoses included intrinsic pontine glioma (n = 4), ependymoma (n = 5), astrocytoma (n = 3), medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET; n = 2), ganglioglioma (n = 1), and choroid plexus carcinoma (n = 1). Of the 16 patients, 5 were newly diagnosed, and the remaining 11 had disease recurrences, 8 of which arose after radiotherapy. Treatment included cyclophosphamide 65 mg/kg administered intravenously over 1 hour on Day 1, a bolus of VCR 1.5 mg/m(2) administered intravenously on Day 2, and VCR 0.5 mg/m(2) per 24 hours administered via continuous intravenous infusion on Days 2-5. Thus, a total VCR dose of 3.5 mg/m(2) was administered via infusion over 4 days. Fifteen patients received 2 courses of treatment at 21-28-day intervals, and a total of 31 treatment courses were administered. VCR concentrations in plasma samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Jaw pain, constipation, mild abdominal pain, and depressed reflexes were common. However, only 1 of 31 courses was associated with Grade III toxicity, and no Grade IV toxicity (e.g., cranial nerve palsy, ileus, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, seizures, hallucinations, etc.) was noted. The steady-state plasma concentration of VCR during continuous infusion ranged from 1 to 3 microg/L in all patients. Responses after 2 courses were evaluated in 14 of 16 patients. A complete response was noted in one patient (astrocytoma), a partial response in three patients (one each with astrocytoma, ependymoma, and PNET), stable disease in seven patients, and disease progression in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous infusion of VCR after a conventional bolus dose plus cyclophosphamide for children with tumors of the central nervous system did not result in significant neurotoxicity and appeared to be a safe strategy for achieving increased systemic exposure. TI - Increasing the dosage of vincristine: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study of continuous-infusion vincristine in children with central nervous system tumors. EP - 2643 SN - 0008-543X IS - iss. 12 SP - 2637 JF - Cancer VL - vol. 100 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sprong, T. AU - Moller, A.S. AU - Bjerre, A. AU - Wedege, E. AU - Kierulf, P. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Brandtzaeg, P. AU - Deuren, M. van AU - Mollnes, T.E. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58036 AB - Fulminant meningococcal sepsis has been termed the prototypical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated gram-negative septic shock. Systemic inflammation by activated complement and cytokines is important in the pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated the involvement of meningococcal LPS in complement activation, complement-dependent inflammatory effects, and cytokine or chemokine production. Whole blood anticoagulated with lepirudin was stimulated with wild-type Neisseria meningitidis H44/76 (LPS+), LPS-deficient N. meningitidis H44/76lpxA (LPS-), or purified meningococcal LPS (NmLPS) at concentrations that were relevant to meningococcal sepsis. Complement activation products, chemokines, and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and granulocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18) upregulation and oxidative burst were measured by flow cytometry. The LPS+ and LPS- N. meningitidis strains both activated complement effectively and to comparable extents. Purified NmLPS, used at a concentration matched to the amount present in whole bacteria, did not induce any complement activation. Both CR3 upregulation and oxidative burst were also induced, independent of LPS. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha production was predominantly dependent on LPS, in contrast to IL-8 production, which was also markedly induced by the LPS- meningococci. In this whole blood model of meningococcal sepsis, complement activation and the immediate complement-dependent inflammatory effects of CR3 upregulation and oxidative burst occurred independent of LPS. TI - Complement activation and complement-dependent inflammation by Neisseria meningitidis are independent of lipopolysaccharide. EP - 3349 SN - 0019-9567 IS - iss. 6 SP - 3344 JF - Infection and Immunity VL - vol. 72 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.6.3344-3349.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58036/58036.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Veldman, B.A.J. AU - Waanders, M. AU - Smits, P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57122 AB - RATIONALE: L-NMMA is widely used in venous occlusion plethysmography studies to determine baseline NO production. Studies using L-NMMA indicate that endothelial dysfunction is present early in the course of diabetic microvascular complications. However, the optimal dose to maximally inhibit NO-production is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the L-NMMA-dose that maximally reduces basal forearm blood flow (FBF). To investigate whether there are any differences in the response to L-NMMA between non-complicated type 1 diabetes patients and control subjects. METHODS: In eight non-complicated type 1 diabetes patients and nine healthy subjects FBF-responses to intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of L-NMMA (0.01-1.6 mg/min/dL forearm volume [FAV]) were measured using the perfused forearm technique. RESULTS: Infusion of 0.8 mg/min/dL maximally reduced FBF. The dose of 1.6 mg/min/dL did not additionally reduce FBF. No differences existed between non-complicated type 1 diabetes patients and controls with regard to EC50 (0.017 +/- 0.02 resp. 0.22 +/- 0.02 mg L-NMMA/min/dL) or maximal vasoconstrictive response (Delta FBF: 1.13 +/- 0.4 resp. 0.97 +/- 0.4 mL/min/dL). Throughout the study blood pressure increased significantly in both groups, possibly reflecting a systemic vasoconstrictive effect of L-NMMA. CONCLUSIONS: The maximal vasoconstrictive dose was 0.8 mg/min/dL in type 1 diabetes patients as well as the control subjects. There were no significant differences between non-complicated type 1 diabetes subjects and controls with regard to the pharmacodynamics of L-NMMA. At high dosages of L-NMMA a systemic effect can not be ruled out. TI - Pharmacodynamics of L-NMMA in type 1 diabetes patients and control subjects. EP - 234 SN - 0160-2446 IS - iss. 2 SP - 231 JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology VL - vol. 44 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200408000-00013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braam, R.L. AU - Aslan, B. AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57642 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the Omron RX-M, a device measuring blood pressure oscillometrically at the wrist. METHODS: In 89 subjects (mean age 55+/-14 years) blood pressure measurements at the wrist with the Omron RX-M were compared to sequential blood pressure measurements with a mercury sphygmomanometer at the (same) upper-arm and to simultaneous measurements with the Omron HEM-705 CP at the opposite arm.Measurements with analyzed according to the British Hypertension Society (BHS) - protocol 1993, to the protocol of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and (retrospectively) to the new 'International Protocol'. RESULTS: Mean differences (+/-SD) between the measurements with the mercury sphygmomanometer and the Omron RX-M were -7.5+/-8.4 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and -2.5+/-12.2 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), thus not fulfilling the AAMI-criteria (< or =5+/-8). According to the BHS-criteria a grade D was achieved for both DBP and SBP. Compared to the Omron HEM 705 CP results were -6.3+/-7.1 for DBP (grade D) and -4.1+/-12.7 for SBP (grade D). The Omron RX-M also failed to pass the new 'International Protocol' in phase 1. CONCLUSION: Although easy to use, based on this study the Omron RX-M can not be recommended to determine blood pressure accurately. TI - Accuracy of the Omron RX-M, an automated blood pressure measuring device, measuring blood pressure at the wrist, according to a modified British Hypertension Society protocol. EP - 30 SN - 1359-5237 IS - iss. 1 SP - 25 JF - Blood Pressure Monitoring VL - vol. 9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00126097-200402000-00006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prins, J.B. AU - Bos, E. AU - Huibers, M.J.H. AU - Servaes, P. AU - Werf, S.P. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Bleijenberg, G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57919 AB - BACKGROUND: Several studies suggested that the surroundings of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients are of importance in the persistence of complaints. Contrary to what was expected, participation in support groups has not led to clinical improvement. The purpose of the present study was to describe social support in CFS patients as compared with other fatigued and non-fatigued groups. Further, changes in social support and the influence of social support on the course of CFS over a period of more than 1 year were studied in patients with and without treatment. METHODS: Baseline data were assessed in 270 CFS patients, 150 disease-free breast cancer patients, 151 fatigued employees on sick-leave and 108 healthy subjects using the Social Support List and Significant Others Scale. CFS patients were followed in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), guided support groups and natural course at 8 and 14 months. RESULTS: CFS patients and fatigued employees reported more negative interactions and insufficiency of supporting interactions than cancer patients and healthy controls. No differences in frequency of supporting interactions were found. Negative interactions decreased significantly after treatment with CBT, but did not change in support groups or natural course. In the natural course, higher fatigue severity at 8 months was predicted by more negative interactions at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In CFS patients and fatigued employees, social support is worse than in disease-free cancer patients and healthy controls. Lack of social support was identified as a new factor in the model of perpetuating factors of fatigue severity and functional impairment in CFS. TI - Social support and the persistence of complaints in chronic fatigue syndrome. EP - 182 SN - 0033-3190 IS - iss. 3 SP - 174 JF - Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics VL - vol. 73 DO - https://doi.org/10.1159/000076455 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Bodar, E.J. AU - Hilst, J.C.H. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Fiselier, T.J.W. AU - Cuppen, M.P. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58069 TI - Beneficial response to interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in traps. EP - 210 SN - 0002-9343 IS - iss. 3 SP - 208 JF - American Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 117 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hermsen, C.C. AU - Vlas, S.J. de AU - Gemert, G.J.A. van AU - Telgt, D.S.C. AU - Verhage, D.F. AU - Sauerwein, R.W. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57196 AB - Clinical trials are an essential step in evaluation of safety and efficacy of malaria vaccines, and human experimental malaria infections have been used for evaluation of protective immunity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In this study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure P. falciparum malaria parasitemia in non-immune volunteers who had been experimentally infected by mosquito bites. Based on a remarkably small variation in the kinetics of parasitemia, a statistical model was developed that provides detailed estimates of pre-patent periods and parasite multiplication of blood stages. Using this model, we could predict results on vaccine efficacy for 1) pre-erythrocytic vaccines in the asymptomatic incubation period and 2) asexual stage vaccines after a limited number of multiplication cycles. The model shows that stage-specific vaccines even with limited efficacy can be highly efficacious when used in combination. This P. falciparum challenge method significantly adds to the potential to evaluate efficacy of candidate malaria vaccines before going into field trials. TI - Testing vaccines in human experimental malaria: statistical analysis of parasitemia measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. EP - 201 SN - 0002-9637 IS - iss. 2 SP - 196 JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene VL - vol. 71 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schut, A. AU - Bleumink, G.S. AU - Stricker, B.H.C. AU - Hofman, A.W.I.M. AU - Witteman, J.C. AU - Pols, H. AU - Deckers, J.W. AU - Deinum, J. AU - Duijn, C.M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58148 AB - AIMS: Cardiac angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity is influenced by the ACE I/D polymorphism. Evidence suggests that the DD-genotype may be a risk factor for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, especially in hypertensive subjects. We assessed the relation between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of incident heart failure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated 4264 normotensive and 2174 hypertensive participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population based prospective cohort study. All subjects were available for follow-up from 1990 until 2000. Incidence rates (IR) of heart failure in normotensive subjects were the same over all genotype strata (10 per 1000 person-years). In hypertensive subjects, the IR increased with the number of D-alleles present (II: IR=13, ID: IR=18 and DD: IR=20 per 1000 person-years). Hypertensive subjects carrying the II-genotype did not have an increased risk of heart failure compared to normotensive II subjects. However, hypertensive subjects carrying one or two copies of the D-allele did have a significantly increased risk of heart failure (ID: RR: 1.4 (1.1-1.9) and DD: RR: 1.5 (1.2-2.1)). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a modifying role in the development of heart failure in hypertensive subjects. TI - Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the risk of heart failure in hypertensive subjects. EP - 2148 SN - 0195-668X IS - iss. 23 SP - 2143 JF - European Heart Journal VL - vol. 25 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2004.08.026 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleumink, G.S. AU - Deinum, J. AU - Mosterd, A. AU - Witteman, J.C. AU - Hofman, A.W.I.M. AU - Stricker, B.H.C. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58190 AB - PURPOSE: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the association between antihypertensive therapy and echocardiographically determined LVH. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Rotterdam Study is a population-based prospective cohort study among 7983 participants aged 55 years or over. Echocardiography was performed in 2823 participants. The study population consisted of 740 participants with grade 1 hypertension or antihypertensive monotherapy, without heart failure. Of these, 646 had an adequate echocardiogram for analysis of relative wall thickness (RWT) and 642 for left ventricular mass index. Participants were followed from 1 January 1991 until the date of echocardiography, between September 1992 and June 1993. Outcome measures were defined as being in the highest gender-specific quintile of left ventricular mass index and as having a RWT higher than 0.43. A Cox regression model with duration of use of antihypertensives defined as time-dependent covariates was used for data-analysis. Antihypertensive treatment lowered the risk of increased left ventricular mass index (RR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4-0.9). ACE-inhibitors, diuretics and beta-blockers all showed a risk reduction. Use of antihypertensives was also associated, although non-significantly, with a decrease of high RWT (RR 0.8, 95%CI 0.6-1.0). ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers and calcium antagonists showed similar risk reductions, while diuretics seemed to increase the risk, possibly by reducing left ventricular end diastolic diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antihypertensive drugs is associated with a decreased risk of echocardiographically determined LVH in a population-based setting. TI - Antihypertensive treatment is associated with improved left ventricular geometry: the Rotterdam Study. EP - 709 SN - 1053-8569 IS - iss. 10 SP - 703 JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety VL - vol. 13 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.947 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Ven, A.J.A.M. van der AU - Zomer, B. AU - Geus-Oei, L.F. de AU - Smits, P. AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58509 TI - F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for visualization of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients. EP - 2432 SN - 0269-9370 IS - iss. 18 SP - 2430 JF - Aids VL - vol. 18 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schut, A. AU - Sayed-Tabatabaei, F.A. AU - Witteman, J.C. AU - Avella, A.M. AU - Vergeer, J.M. AU - Pols, H. AU - Hofman, A.W.I.M. AU - Deinum, J. AU - Duijn, C.M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57916 AB - BACKGROUND: Studies on the role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the development of hypertension have yielded conflicting results. Recent studies suggested that this gene might have smoking-dependent effects on the development of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, blood pressure and risk of hypertension in current, former and non-smokers in a population-based cohort. METHODS: We included 2412 non-smokers, 2794 former smokers and 1508 current smokers, all participants in the Rotterdam Study. In each group, we assessed the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and risk of hypertension. Mean blood pressures and prevalence of hypertension were compared between carriers and non-carriers of the D allele. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and use of antihypertensive medication. RESULTS: In non-smokers and former smokers, blood pressure and the risk of hypertension did not differ significantly between genotypes. In smokers, we found a significant increase in SBP in DD carriers (139.6 +/- 22.8 mmHg) compared with II carriers (136.0 +/- 22.7 mmHg) (P = 0.04). No effect of ACE genotype was observed for DBP. The risk of hypertension was significantly increased in smokers who carried one [odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 1.9; P = 0.05] or two (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2; P = 0.02) copies of the D allele. CONCLUSIONS: The D allele of the ACE polymorphism is associated with a significantly increased SBP and risk of hypertension in smokers. Our study underlines the importance of gene-environment interactions in the study of candidate genes for hypertension. TI - Smoking-dependent effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on blood pressure. EP - 319 SN - 0263-6352 IS - iss. 2 SP - 313 JF - Journal of Hypertension VL - vol. 22 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200402000-00015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bijlstra, P.J. AU - Ginneken, E.E.M. van AU - Huls, M. AU - Dijk, R. van AU - Smits, P. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58379 AB - BACKGROUND: The mechanism of the vasodilator response to adenosine has not been elucidated in humans. Stimulation of adenosine receptors on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells with subsequent endothelial release of nitric oxide and opening of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels has been suggested. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of K(ATP) channels in the vasodilator response to adenosine and the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole.Methods and results In healthy male volunteers, adenosine (0.6, 1.9, 5.6, 19, 57, and 190 nmol. min(-1). dL(-1)) was infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by use of strain-gauge plethysmography. Adenosine increased the FBF ratio (FBF in experimental arm/FBF in control arm) from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.4, 7.3 +/- 2.3, 11.1 +/- 4.1, and 12.9 +/- 3.7 for the six increasing adenosine doses, respectively. Simultaneous infusion of glyburide (INN, glibenclamide), a blocker of K(ATP) channels, did not affect this response (from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 1.5 +/- 0.2, 2.2 +/- 0.3, 4.0 +/- 1.0, 9.3 +/- 4.0, 13.5 +/- 6.4, and 15.9 +/- 5.3 for the 6 increasing doses of adenosine, respectively; P =.439, n = 6). The increase in FBF ratio during infusion of the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole (20, 60, and 200 nmol. min(-1). dL(-1)) was significantly reduced by glyburide, as follows: from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.2, 2.4 +/- 0.5, and 2.9 +/- 0.4, respectively, during saline solution and from 1.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.1 +/- 0.3, and 2.2 +/- 0.4, respectively, during glyburide (P =.010 for effect of glyburide on response from baseline, ANOVA for repeated measures; n = 8). The vasodilator response to dipyridamole was significantly inhibited by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. CONCLUSION: Opening of vascular K(ATP) channels is involved in the forearm vasodilator response to dipyridamole but not to adenosine. Differences in stimulated cell type (endothelium for adenosine versus smooth muscle cells for dipyridamole) may underlie this divergent pharmacologic profile. TI - Glyburide inhibits dipyridamole-induced forearm vasodilation but not adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation. EP - 156 SN - 0009-9236 IS - iss. 3 SP - 147 JF - Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics VL - vol. 75 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Hijmans, A.G.M. AU - Wissen, S. van AU - Smilde, T.J. AU - Trip, M.D. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Boo, T.M. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kastelein, J.J.P. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59240 AB - BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a major receptor for inflammatory stimuli potentially involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-shock proteins. The Asp299Gly polymorphism of the TLR4 gene has been associated with a reduced intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in healthy individuals. We have investigated whether the presence of the Asp299Gly polymorphism in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) has a similar protective effect, and whether it influences the effects of HMG-CoA reductase treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 293 FH patients and 200 healthy volunteers were genotyped for the presence of the Asp299Gly allele using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Intima-media thickness measurements, inflammatory parameters and the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were compared between the patients with and without Asp299Gly allele. RESULTS: The Asp299Gly allele was present in 10.6% of the FH patients and 11.0% of the healthy individuals. Whereas the FH patients carrying the Asp299Gly allele displayed a reduced absolute IMT value compared with the FH patients carrying the wild-type allelle, the difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition, the effect of treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors was not influenced by the presence of Asp299Gly allele. CONCLUSION: The presence of the Asp299Gly allele of the TLR4 gene does not seem to exert a major influence on the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with FH. TI - Toll-like receptor-r Asp299Gly polymorphism does not influence progression of atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. EP - 99 SN - 0014-2972 IS - iss. 2 SP - 94 JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation VL - vol. 34 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01303.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58251 TI - Hypertension Primer EP - 158 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 3 SP - 158 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laarhoven, H.W.M. van AU - Willemsen, J.J. AU - Ross, H.A. AU - Beex, L.V.A.M. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. AU - Sweep, C.G.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57452 TI - Pitfall in HPLC assay for urinary metanephrines: an unusual type of interference caused by methenamine intake EP - 1099 SN - 0009-9147 IS - iss. 6 SP - 1097 JF - Clinical Chemistry VL - vol. 50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032912 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wieringa, F.T. AU - Dijkhuizen, M.A. AU - West, C.E. AU - Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57747 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of vitamin A, zinc and iron deficiency in Indonesian infants on the ability to produce immunoregulatory cytokines. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Immunological assessment was done in 59 infants participating in a cross-sectional nutritional survey in rural West Java, Indonesia. Production of T-helper cell type-1 (Th1, cell-mediated) cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and T-helper cell type-2 (Th2, humoral) cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin in an ex vivo whole blood culture system. Circulating neopterin concentrations were determined as an indicator of in vivo macrophage activity. RESULTS: Of the infants, 48% were vitamin A deficient, 44% were anemic (with 17% having iron deficiency anemia), and 17% were zinc deficient. Vitamin-A deficient infants had significantly reduced ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, but also significantly higher circulating neopterin concentrations. Production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 were strongly correlated, IFN-gamma and IL-18 production were not. Zinc deficiency was accompanied by significantly reduced white blood cell counts and reduced ex vivo production of IL-6. Iron status was not related to cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in vitamin A deficiency there is Th1 dominance in a steady state, combined however with impairment of the Th1 response after stimulation, whereas in zinc deficiency, there is a decreased Th2 response. Overall, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency have marked albeit different effects on the immunocompetence of infants, affecting both cell-mediated and humoral components of the immune system. TI - Reduced production of immunoregulatory cytokines in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient Indonesian infants. EP - 1504 SN - 0954-3007 IS - iss. 11 SP - 1498 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition VL - vol. 58 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hofstede, H.J.M. ter AU - Willems, J.L. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57752 AB - BACKGROUND: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) used in antiretroviral therapy may cause mitochondrial toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to disturbance of the glucose metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of L-lactate (L) and pyruvate (P), with an enhanced L/P ratio. OBJECTIVES: We analysed lactate and pyruvate blood samples of patients of our outpatient department. Aim of the analysis was to detect preliminary mitochondrial toxicity in patients on antiretroviral nucleoside analogues, which might result in disturbances of L, P, L/P ratio, bicarbonate (Bic) or beta-hydroxybutyrate/aceto-acetate (beta-HB/AA) ratios. STUDY DESIGN: Blood samples of L, P, Bic, beta-HB and AA were analysed in four groups of subjects. The first group (A) consisted of patients with presumed NRTI-related adverse events (n=21), the second group (B) consisted of patients without adverse events (n=28), the third group (C) were HIV-infected patients without antiretroviral therapy (n=6) and the last group (D) were healthy controls (n=12). The mean duration of NRTI-treatment was 18 months (range 0-78 months). RESULTS: The mean lactate level in group A was 2319 micromol/l (S.D. +/-1231, median 1741 micromol/l), in group B 1257 micromol/l (S.D. +/-607, median 1087), Group C 1285 (S.D. +/-451, median 1245 micromol/l) and 951 micromol/l (S.D. +/-270, median 979) in the healthy controls. No significant differences in pyruvate, L/P, Bic and beta-HB/AA were seen in the four groups. The mean lactate level in patients on stavudine was 1980 micromol/l (S.D. +/-1197) versus 1051 micromol/l (S.D. +/-395, P=0.01) in patients on zidovudine. All patients with lactate values above 2700 micromol/l (eight) experienced adverse events. CONCLUSION: Lactate levels were higher in patients with presumed NRTI-related adverse events. Furthermore, HIV patients receiving a stavudine containing antiretroviral therapy had higher lactate values than patients without stavudine. Although routine lactate measurement in all patients on antiretroviral therapy is not recommended, lactate measurement might be useful for follow up of patients with presumed NRTI-related adverse events and in patients with lactate levels above 2500 micromol/l. These patients require extra surveillance to evaluate if discontinuation of the current antiretroviral therapy is needed. TI - Serum L-lactate and pyruvate in HIV-infected patients with and without presumed NRTI-related adverse events compared to healthy volunteers. EP - 50 SN - 1386-6532 IS - iss. 1 SP - 44 JF - Journal of Clinical Virology VL - vol. 29 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(03)00085-4 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Popa, C. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Radstake, T.R.D.J. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Riel, P.L.C.M. van AU - Barrera Rico, P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58079 AB - BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is known to increase the concentrations of interleukin (IL) 6 and C reactive protein (CRP) and to induce proatherogenic changes in the lipid profile and may increase the cardiovascular risk of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether anti-TNF therapy modifies the cardiovascular risk profile in patients with RA. METHODS: The lipoprotein spectrum and the inflammation markers CRP and IL6 were investigated in 33 patients with RA treated with human anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (D2E7, adalimumab, Humira) and 13 patients with RA given placebo, before and after 2 weeks' treatment. RESULTS: In the anti-TNF treated group, the mean (SD) concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher after 2 weeks' treatment (0.86 (0.30) mmol/l v 0.98 (0.33) mmol/l, p<0.01), whereas LDL and triglyceride levels were not significantly changed. Additionally, a significant decrease in CRP (86.1 (54.4) mg/l v 35.4 (35.0) mg/l, p<0.0001), and IL6 (88.3 (60.5) pg/ml v 42.3 (40.7) pg/ml, p<0.001) concentrations was seen in this group. No changes in lipid profile, IL6, or CRP levels were seen in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: TNF neutralisation with monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies increased HDL-cholesterol levels and decreased CRP and IL6 levels after 2 weeks. Therefore this treatment may improve the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with RA. TI - Influence of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. EP - 305 SN - 0003-4967 IS - iss. 2 SP - 303 JF - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases VL - vol. 64 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Radstake, T.R.D.J. AU - Franke, B. AU - Hanssen, S.L.J. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Welsing, P.M.J. AU - Barrera Rico, P. AU - Joosten, L.A.B. AU - Riel, P.L.C.M. van AU - Berg, W.B. van den PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57992 TI - The Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly functional variant is associated with decreased rheumatoid arthritis disease susceptibility but does not influence disease severity and/or outcome. EP - 1001 SN - 0004-3591 IS - iss. 3 SP - 999 JF - Arthritis and Rheumatism VL - vol. 50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20114 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Vercoulen, J.H.M.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57510 TI - Reply to: Chronic fatigue syndrome: a clinical and laboratory study with a well-matched control group - How important are symptom criteria in the definition of CFS? EP - 269 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 268 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 256 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01379.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea-Maier, R.T. AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57486 TI - Blood pressure measurement: we should all do it better! EP - 303 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 8 SP - 297 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/57486/57486.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Vercoulen, J.H.M.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58272 TI - How important are symptom criteria in the definition of CFS? EP - 269 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 268 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 256 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01379.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Demacker, P.N.M. AU - Bolat, E. AU - Toenhake-Dijkstra, H.I. AU - Tits, L.J.H. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58456 TI - Factors influencing isoprotein dependency of polyclonal apolipoprotein(a) assays. EP - 2163 SN - 0009-9147 IS - iss. 11 SP - 2161 JF - Clinical Chemistry VL - vol. 50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.039545 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58473 TI - Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET and (111)In-granulocyte scintigraphy. EP - 1344 SN - 1619-7070 IS - iss. 9 SP - 1342 JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging VL - vol. 31 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-004-1634-6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vogtländer, N.P.J. AU - Kasteren, M.E.E. van AU - Natsch, S.S. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Hekster, Y.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58146 AB - BACKGROUND: Timely administration of the first dose, dosage adjustment to renal function, switch from intravenous to oral administration, and streamlining are important aspects of rational antibiotic prescription. The goals of this study were to investigate all of these variables, compare them with predefined quality standards, and implement improvement with specific interventions. METHODS: At the departments of internal medicine, surgery, and neurology and the emergency department of a tertiary referral university medical center, all consecutive patients receiving therapeutic antibiotics were enrolled. Dosages, timing of first doses, dosing intervals, administration routes, and adjustment of the chosen drug to clinical data were investigated. After the preintervention period, barriers to change were identified, followed by specific interventions and a postintervention measurement. RESULTS: In the preintervention and postintervention periods, 247 and 250 patients were enrolled, receiving 563 and 598 antibiotic prescriptions, respectively. The mean time from the order to first dose at the wards improved from 2.7 to 1.7 hours in potentially severe cases (P =.003). Dosage adjustment to renal function remained unchanged at 45% vs 52% (P =.09) of cases where necessary. Switching of therapy from intravenous to oral improved from 46% to 62% (P =.03) and was performed a mean of 1.6 days earlier (P =.002). Streamlining was performed correctly in most cases, and thus no interventions were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Timing of antibiotic therapy and switch therapy may be improved with a combination of interventions. To improve poor adjustment of dosing to renal function, other strategies are needed. In our setting, streamlining was already correct in most cases. TI - Improving the process of antibiotic therapy in daily practice: interventions to optimize timing, dosage adjustment to renal function, and switch therapy. EP - 1212 SN - 0003-9926 IS - iss. 11 SP - 1206 JF - Archives of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 164 DO - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.11.1206 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bakker, X.R. AU - Spauwen, P.H.M. AU - Dolmans, W.M.V. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58700 TI - Mycetoma of the hand caused by Gordona terrae: a case report. EP - 190 SN - 1532-2211 IS - iss. 2 SP - 188 JF - Journal of Hand Surgery : British and European Volume VL - vol. 29 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Bredie, S.J.H. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58426 TI - Fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of three patients with vasculitis. EP - 53 SN - 0002-9343 IS - iss. 1 SP - 50 JF - American Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 116 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Smits-van der Graaf, C.A.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57770 AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as a major class of pattern-recognition receptors. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLRs, either alone or in heterodimerization with other TLR or non-TLR receptors, induces signals responsible for the activation of the innate immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated a crucial involvement of TLRs in the recognition of fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Through the study of fungal infection in knock-out mice deficient in either TLRs or TLR-associated adaptor molecules, it became apparent that specific TLRs such as TLR2 and TLR4 play differential roles in the activation of the various arms of the innate immune response. Recent data also suggest that TLRs offer escape mechanisms to certain pathogenic microorganisms, especially through TLR2-driven induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These new data have substantially increased our knowledge of the recognition of fungal pathogens, and the study of TLRs remains one of the most active areas of research in the field of fungal infections. TI - Recognition of fungal pathogens by Toll-like receptors. EP - 676 SN - 0934-9723 IS - iss. 9 SP - 672 JF - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 23 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1192-7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Assen, S. van AU - Bosma, F. AU - Staals, L.M. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Melchers, W.J.G. AU - Lammens, M.M.Y. AU - Kornips, F.H.M. AU - Vos, P.E. AU - Fikkers, B.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57789 TI - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi. EP - 629 SN - 0340-5354 IS - iss. 5 SP - 626 JF - Journal of Neurology VL - vol. 251 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-004-0415-2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58893 TI - [Retention period for patient data: the health council of the Netherlands pleads for a change in the law] J2 - Retention period for patient data: the health council of the Netherlands pleads for a change in the law EP - 1747 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 25 SP - 1265 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riksen, N.P. AU - Smits, P. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57665 AB - Ischaemic preconditioning was originally described in animal hearts as histological infarct-size limitation by a previous brief episode of ischaemia. In humans, ischaemic preconditioning has been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo models, including coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiograplasty, using surrogate markers of ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Increasing knowledge of the molecular signalling pathways mediating protection by ischaemic preconditioning has provided rational targets for pharmacological intervention. Several widely used drugs are able to mimic ischaemic preconditioning (e.g. adenosine, adenosine-uptake inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, statins, opioids, volatile anaesthetics and ethanol), whereas others inhibit ischaemic preconditioning-induced protection (e.g. sulphonylureas and adenosine antagonists). The present review focuses on these different classes of drugs. Prudent use or avoidance of these drugs in patients who are at risk for myocardial infarction could theoretically limit ischaemia and reperfusion injury. TI - Ischaemic preconditioning: from molecular characterisation to clinical application--part II. EP - 423 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 11 SP - 409 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Veerkamp, M.J. AU - Graaf, J. de AU - Hendriks, J.C.M. AU - Demacker, P.N.M. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58813 AB - BACKGROUND: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is traditionally diagnosed by total plasma cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels above the 90th percentile adjusted for age and gender. In a recent study, we showed that the diagnosis of FCH on the basis of these diagnostic criteria was inconsistent in 26% of the subjects over a 5-year period. This result emphasizes the need for reevaluation of the diagnostic criteria for FCH. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 32 families (299 subjects) were studied in 1994 and 1999. A subject was defined "truly" FCH when diagnosed FCH in 1994 and/or 1999 on the basis of traditional plasma lipid criteria. Additional lipid and lipoprotein parameters, including apolipoprotein B (apoB) and small, dense LDL, were measured at both time points. In total, 121 subjects (40%) were defined as truly FCH. Multivariate analysis revealed that absolute apoB values combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender best predicted truly FCH. A nomogram including these parameters is provided to simply and accurately calculate the probability to be affected by FCH. Furthermore, it is shown that when percentiles of triglyceride and total cholesterol adjusted for age and gender are not available in a population, the definition of FCH can be established on the basis of hypertriglyceridemia (>1.5 mmol/L) and hyper-apoB (>1200 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of FCH is best predicted by absolute apoB levels combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender and can accurately be calculated by a nomogram. This definition is also a good predictor of cardiovascular risk in FCH. TI - Nomogram to diagnose familial combined hyperlipidemia on the basis of results of a 5-year follow-up study. EP - 2992 SN - 0009-7322 IS - iss. 24 SP - 2987 JF - Circulation VL - vol. 109 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58813/58813.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Jager, G.J. AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58510 AB - Pylephlebitis or septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein is a serious infectious disorder. Early diagnosis is difficult, due to nonspecific symptoms and signs, limitations of diagnostic modalities and the lack of familiarity of physicians with this entity. We report the history of a 73-year-old man with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in whom laboratory tests, blood and urine cultures, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, and Indium-111-leucocyte scintigraphy did not reveal the cause of the fever. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) subsequently pointed to the diagnosis of pylephlebitis, which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and percutaneous puncture. We conclude that FDG PET allows detecting inflammatory foci in patients with FUO and offers to make the diagnosis of pylephlebitis at an early stage. TI - F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography leading to a diagnosis of septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein: description of a case history and review of the literature. EP - 423 SN - 0954-6820 IS - iss. 3 SP - 419 JF - Journal of Internal Medicine VL - vol. 255 DO - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01259.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Willems, F.F. AU - Boers, G.H.J. AU - Blom, H.J. AU - Aengevaeren, W.R.M. AU - Verheugt, F.W.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57125 AB - 1. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a regulating enzyme in folate-dependant homocysteine remethylation, because it catalyses the reduction of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). 2. Subjects homozygous for the 677C --> T mutation in the MTHFR enzyme suffer from an increased cardiovascular risk. It can be speculated that the direct administration of 5-MTHF instead of folic acid can facilitate the remethylation of homocysteine in methionine. 3. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of orally administered 6[R,S] 5-MTHF versus folic acid in cardiovascular patients with homozygosity for 677C --> T MTHFR. 4. This is an open-controlled, two-way, two-period randomised crossover study. Patients received a single oral dose of either 5 mg folic acid or 5 mg 5-MTHF in each period. The concentrations of the 6[S] 5-MTHF and 6[R] 5-MTHF diastereoisomers were determined in venous blood samples. 5. All pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrate that the bioavailability of 5-MTHF is higher compared to folic acid. The peak concentration of both isomers following the administration of 6[R,S] 5-MTHF is almost seven times higher compared to folic acid, irrespective of the patient's genotype. However, at 1 week after the administration of a single dosage 6[R,S] 5-MTHF, we detected 6[R] 5-MTHF following the administration of folic acid, indicating storage of this isomer in the body. 6. Our results demonstrate that oral 5-MTHF has a different pharmacokinetic profile with a higher bioavailability compared to folic acid, irrespective of the patient's genotype. Detrimental effects of the storage of high levels of the non-natural isomer 6[R] 5-MTHF cannot be excluded. TI - Pharmacokinetic study on the utilisation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid in patients with coronary artery disease. EP - 830 SN - 0007-1188 IS - iss. 5 SP - 825 JF - British Journal of Pharmacology VL - vol. 141 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705446 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simon, A. AU - Kremer, H.P.H. AU - Wevers, R.A. AU - Scheffer, H. AU - Jong, J.G.N. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Drenth, J.P.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57313 AB - Both mevalonic aciduria, characterized by psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia, recurrent fever attacks, and death in early childhood, and hyper-immunoglobulin D (hyper-IgD) syndrome, with recurrent fever attacks without neurologic symptoms, are caused by a functional deficiency of mevalonate kinase. In a systematic review of known mevalonate kinase-deficient patients, the authors identified five adults with phenotypic overlap between these two syndromes, which argues for a continuous spectrum of disease. Mevalonate kinase deficiency should be considered in adult patients with fitting neurologic symptoms, with or without periodic fever attacks. TI - Mevalonate kinase deficiency: Evidence for a phenotypic continuum. EP - 997 SN - 0028-3878 IS - iss. 6 SP - 994 JF - Neurology VL - vol. 62 DO - https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000115390.33405.F7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peeters, A.C.T. AU - Kucharekova, M. AU - Timmermans, J. AU - Berkmortel, F.W.P.J. van den AU - Boers, G.H.J. AU - Nováková, I.R.O. AU - Egging, D.F. AU - Heijer, M. den AU - Schalkwijk, J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57333 AB - BACKGROUND: We recently described a new autosomal recessive type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) based on a deficiency of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-X (TNX). TNX-deficient patients have hypermobile joints, hyperextensible skin and show easy bruising. Because of the reported cardiovascular abnormalities in other EDS types and the excessive haematoma formation after mild trauma in TNX-deficient individuals, we investigated whether cardiovascular or coagulation abnormalities occur in these patients. METHODS: We examined seven TNX-deficient patients. One of them had a mitral valve prolapse and died postoperatively after valve replacement, before the study was completed. RESULTS: Bleeding time and coagulation factors (INR, APTT, PT and fibrinogen) were all within the normal range. Ultrasonographic examination of the carotid and femoral arteries showed normal vessel wall compliance and distensibility. Echocardiography showed a slight billowing of the mitral valve in two patients from one family. All patients had normal diameters of aortic root and ascending aorta. CONCLUSION: Although the patient group is small, there are no indications of generalised cardiovascular abnormalities in this type of EDS. We would recommend echocardiography for all these patients at the first evaluation and when a cardiac murmur appears. TI - A clinical and cardiovascular survey of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients with complete deficiency of tenascin-X. EP - 162 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 5 SP - 160 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/57333/57333.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bredie, S.J.H. AU - Kamphuisen, P.W. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58933 TI - [Primary venous mesenterial thrombosis in three patients] J2 - [Primary venous mesenterial thrombosis in three patients] EP - 757 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 15 SP - 756 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stulemeijer, M. AU - Jong, L.W.A.M. de AU - Fiselier, T.J.W. AU - Hoogveld, S.W.B. AU - Bleijenberg, G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59298 TI - Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial EP - 06.63 SN - 0959-535X IS - iss. 1136 SP - 38301.5871 JF - Bmj. British Medical Journal (Compact Ed.) VL - vol. 10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riksen, N.P. AU - Smits, P. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57664 AB - Ischaemic preconditioning is defined as an increased tolerance to ischaemia and reperfusion induced by a previous sublethal period of ischaemia. Since this is the most powerful mechanism for limiting infarct size, other than timely reperfusion, an overwhelming number of studies have addressed the way in which this form of protection occurs. During the short preconditioning period of ischaemia, several trigger substances are released (adenosine, bradykinin, norepinephrine, opioids). By activation of membrane-bound receptors, these substances activate a complex intracellular signalling cascade, which converges on mitochondrial end-effectors, including the ATP-sensitive potassium channel and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Activation of this pathway protects cardiomyocytes against both necrosis and apoptosis during a subsequent more prolonged ischaemic episode. The protection afforded by preconditioning lasts only two to three hours, but reappears 24 hours after the preconditioning stimulus. This 'delayed preconditioning' requires synthesis of new proteins, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heat shock proteins. Additionally, preconditioning is not confined to one organ, but can also limit infarct size in remote, non-preconditioned organs ('remote preconditioning'). Knowledge of these mechanisms mediating ischaemic preconditioning is essential to understand which drugs are able to mimic preconditioning or interfere with pre-conditioning in patients at risk for myocardial ischaemia. This review aims to summarise current knowledge regarding the different forms and mechanisms of ischaemic preconditioning. TI - Ischaemic preconditioning: from molecular characterisation to clinical application--part I. EP - 363 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 10 SP - 353 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuyt, P.M.J. AU - Graaf, J. de AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59054 AB - Internal medicine is a broad medical speciality and choosing the residency programme opens up a variety of career tracks. Despite this broad choice of subspecialities, we found that within our residency programme for internal medicine in the Nijmegen region between 1981 and 2000, 29% of the residents did not become internists but switched to other medical specialities. To further complicate the efficiency of the residency programme, about 20% of the residents who became internists did not finish within six years, but had a delay of two years due to combined internal medicine/PhD tracks (the training for internist/clinical investigator). In another 20% there is a delay of six to 12 months due to part-time training tracks as well as to (multiple) pregnancies of female residents and parental leave of both sexes. Our data imply that nationwide data are urgently needed to re-evaluate the manpower planning for internal medicine by taking into consideration not only the number of residents starting in the residency programme but also to include the number of residents who actually do become internists. TI - Who does become an internist? EP - 101 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 3 SP - 98 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59054/59054.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59005 AB - The Dutch Health Council recently reported on the scientific desirability of making pneumococcal vaccination available to elderly persons and immunocompromised adults. On the basis of an assessment of the scientific evidence undertaken by the Dutch Cochrane Centre, the Council has concluded that extension of the current indication for pneumococcal vaccination is not scientifically justified. Vaccination is definitely recommended only for patients suffering from asplenia, sickle-cell anaemia or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Whereas vaccination should be considered in individuals with certain other illnesses, vaccination is not recommended for people of advanced age or those diagnosed with solid tumours, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease or chronic heart failure. TI - [Dutch Health Council advice 'Vaccination against pneumococcal infections in elderly persons and immunocompromised adults'] EP - 874 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 18 SP - 871 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burger, D.M. AU - Ven, A.J.A.M. van der AU - Koopmans †, P.P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58314 TI - Highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: lessons for the future. EP - 408 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 11 SP - 407 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berkmortel, F.W.P.J. van den AU - Wollersheim, H.C.H. AU - Langen, H. van AU - Smilde, T.J. AU - Arend, J.A.C.J. den AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59152 AB - BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation rapidly reduces cardiovascular risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved are still being debated. We measured structural and functional arterial wall properties of the femoral and carotid arteries after smoking cessation to investigate their possible role in cardiovascular risk reduction. METHODS: Out of 127 smokers, 33 proved to stop smoking for two years. They were compared with 50 nonsmokers and 55 persistent smokers in a prospective study. Cross-sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients as well as intima-media thickness of both carotid arteries and of the right common femoral artery were measured ultrasonographically at baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after smoking cessation. The nonsmoking and persistent smokers group were measured twice at an interval of 24 months. RESULTS: Persistent smoking and two years of smoking cessation did not affect cross-sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients. Although at baseline intimal-medial layers were thicker in smokers, the change over time in intima-media thickness did not differ significantly between all three groups. CONCLUSION: Two years of smoking cessation was not accompanied by a slower progression or a regression in intima-media thickness nor by an improved cross-sectional compliance or distensiblity coefficient. Nevertheless, smoking cessation should be recommended as it reduces cardiovascular risk rapidly after smoking cessation. TI - Two years of smoking cessation does not reduce arterial wall thickness and stiffness. EP - 241 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 7 SP - 235 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59152/59152.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker, M.W.P. AU - Hopman, M.T.E. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. AU - Smits, P. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59162 TI - Unilateral lower limb suspension can cause deep venous thrombosis. EP - 7 SN - 0363-6119 IS - iss. 6 SP - R1176 JF - American Journal of Physiology : Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology VL - vol. 286 DO - https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00718.2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bodar, E.J. AU - Simon, A. AU - Hilst, J.C.H. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59192 TI - Two patients with recurrent fever and wine red discolouration of the eyelids. EP - 20, 139 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 4 SP - 119 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59031 TI - [Beta-blocking drugs indicated in patients with heart failure] EP - 1009 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 20 SP - 1008 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vleuten, G.M. van der AU - Hijmans, A.G.M. AU - Kluijtmans, L.A.J. AU - Blom, H.J. AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Graaf, J. de PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59227 AB - Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), characterized by multiple lipoprotein phenotypes, is the most common hereditary lipid disorder in humans. A mutant mouse strain, HcB-19, with similar biochemical features as FCH patients, has recently been identified. The mutation causing the FCH phenotype in these mice is located in the thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) gene. The TXNIP gene in mice is located on chromosome 3F2.2, which is syntenic to chromosome 1q21 in humans, a region where several groups have positioned a locus for FCH. To evaluate the potential role of TXNIP in the FCH phenotype in humans, we analyzed the coding region, 5' UTR and introns of the TXNIP gene by direct sequencing in 10 well-defined patients with FCH and 5 healthy controls. We did not find any sequence variants in these regions of the TXNIP gene in patients with FCH. Our results suggest that different genes are involved in the FCH phenotype in humans compared to mice. We conclude that in our Dutch FCH patients, the TXNIP gene, based on its intronic, exonic, and 5' UTR sequences, is not involved as a major contributor to the FCH phenotype. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148-7299/suppmat/index.html. TI - Thioredoxin interacting protein in Dutch families with familial combined hyperlipidemia. EP - 75 SN - 1552-4825 IS - iss. 1 SP - 73 JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A VL - vol. 130 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Volman, T.J.H. AU - Goris, R.J.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Hendriks, T. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59237 AB - OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantitate the course of specific cytokine mRNA expression in tissues that exhibit increasing histopathological changes in time in an animal model for the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The development of treatment protocols for MODS requires elucidation of the mechanisms and mediators involved. To devise logical interventions, it is necessary to collect data on cytokine expression at tissue level during the development of MODS. METHODS: Ninety-four C57BL/6 mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 40 microg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by zymosan at a dose of 0.8 mg/g body weight 6 days later (day 0). Six additional animals did not receive zymosan and acted as controls. At several time points after zymosan injection, 6 randomly assigned, zymosan-treated animals were killed, and their livers, lungs, spleens, and kidneys were collected. mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, macrophage migration inhibiting factor, IL-12, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 was measured using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: The injection of zymosan induced an acute peritonitis, followed by an apparent recovery. From approximately day 6 onwards, animals started to display MODS-like symptoms. During the peritonitis phase, up-regulation of cytokine mRNA was limited. During the period of apparent recovery, cytokine mRNA expression strongly increased, mostly reaching its maximum at day 9 when deterioration of the clinical condition had already set in. The up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was most pronounced, especially in the lungs and liver. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should preferentially be targeted against multiple cytokines and, at least in this model, there may be a treatment window well after the initial challenge. TI - Tissue- and time-dependent upregulation of cytokine mRNA in a murine model for the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. EP - 150 SN - 0003-4932 IS - iss. 1 SP - 142 JF - Annals of Surgery VL - vol. 240 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000130725.52373.e7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Smits-van der Graaf, C.A.A. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59241 AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as a major class of pattern-recognition receptors. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by TLRs, alone or in heterodimerization with other TLR or non-TLR receptors, induces signals responsible for the activation of genes important for an effective host defense, especially proinflammatory cytokines. Although a certain degree of redundancy exists between signals induced by the various TLRs, recent studies have identified intracellular pathways specific for individual TLRs. This leads to the release of cytokine profiles specific for particular PAMPs, and thus, TLRs confer a certain degree of specificity to the innate-immune response. In addition to the activation of the innate-immune response, TLR-mediated recognition represents a link between the innate- and acquired-immune systems, by inducing the maturation of dendritic cells and directing the T helper responses. Alternatively, recent data have also suggested TLR-mediated escape mechanisms used by certain pathogenic microorganisms, especially through TLR2 induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the crucial role of TLRs for the host defense against infections has been strengthened recently by the description of patients partially defective in the TLR-activation pathways. TI - Toll-like receptors and the host defense against microbial pathogens: bringing specificity to the innate-immune system. EP - 755 SN - 0741-5400 IS - iss. 5 SP - 749 JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology VL - vol. 75 DO - https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1103543 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59241/59241.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59242 AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are probably the most important class of pattern-recognition receptors. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by TLRs, either alone or in heterodimerization with other TLR or non-TLR receptors, induces the production of signals that are responsible for the activation of genes important for an effective host defense, especially those of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies also suggest that pathogenic microorganisms can modulate or interfere with TLR-mediated pattern recognition and can use TLRs as an escape mechanism from the host defense. Three major TLR-mediated escape mechanisms have been identified: TLR2-induced immunosuppression, especially through induction of interleukin (IL)-10 release; blockade of TLR recognition; and TLR-mediated induction of viral replication. Thus, TLR signals are not only beneficial to the host, but in certain situations the activation of particular TLR responses by microorganisms might serve as an escape mechanism from the host defense. TI - Toll-like receptors as an escape mechanism from the host defense. EP - 488 SN - 0966-842X IS - iss. 11 SP - 484 JF - Trends in Microbiology VL - vol. 12 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.09.004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Locadia, M. AU - Bossuyt, P.M. AU - Stalmeier, P.F.M. AU - Sprangers, M.A.G. AU - Dongen, C.J. van AU - Middeldorp, S. AU - Bank, I. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Hamulyak, K. AU - Prins, M.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59176 AB - Determining the optimal duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires a weighting of the benefits and risks of treatment. The objectives of our study were to investigate patient variability in health state valuations associated with VKA therapy and treatment preferences, and to investigate the extent to which valuations and treatment preferences are associated with prior experience with these health states and other patient characteristics. Valuations of outcomes after VTE scaled from 0 (tantamount to death) to 1 (tantamount to perfect health) were elicited from 53 patients who had experienced VTE, 23 patients who had experienced major bleeding during treatment, and 48 patients with the post-thrombotic syndrome. In addition, patients' treatment preferences were evaluated using treatment trade-off questions. Median health state valuations ranged from 0.33 for 'non-fatal haemorrhagic stroke' to 0.96 for 'no VKA treatment'.Variability between patients was substantial. Patients' treatment preferences also varied: 25% of patients chose cessation of treatment, regardless of the probability of recurrent VTE presented, whereas 23% of patients were never willing to choose cessation of treatment. Differences in valuations and treatment preferences were not associated with type of event experienced. Due to the substantial and unpredictable variability in valuations and treatment preferences, recommendations regarding treatment duration should be tailored to patients' specific values and concerns. TI - Treatment of venous thromboembolism with vitamin K antagonists: patients' health state valuations and treatment preferences. EP - 1341 SN - 0340-6245 IS - iss. 6 SP - 1336 JF - Thrombosis and Haemostasis VL - vol. 92 DO - https://doi.org/10.1160/TH04-02-0075 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bakx, J.C. AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58112 TI - Increase in the upper arm circumference of the whole population. EP - 100 SN - 1359-5237 IS - iss. 2 SP - 99 JF - Blood Pressure Monitoring VL - vol. 9 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kamphuisen, P.W. AU - Levi, M. AU - Kraaij, M.G.J. van AU - Kaasjager, H.A.H. AU - Frolke, J.P.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58997 AB - In patients with excessive blood loss, coagulation is compromised by hypothermia, metabolic acidosis due to impaired tissue perfusion, loss of coagulation factors and platelets while their consumption is increased, and by massive infusion with plasma expanders. Currently available laboratory tests are insufficiently reliable and too time-consuming to enable the evaluation of the effect of pharmaco-therapeutic interventions during severe blood loss. Several haemostatic drugs appear to be effective in the treatment of blood loss after elective surgery, but have been insufficiently investigated in patients with severe bleeding. A rational transfusion policy entailing the use of sufficient amounts of plasma is necessary in the treatment of patients with severe bleeding. TI - [Diagnostic and pharmaco-therapeutic options in acute severe blood loss] EP - 1911 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 39 SP - 1907 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frolke, J.P.M. AU - Kamphuisen, P.W. AU - Geeraedts, L.M.G. AU - Eijk, R.J.R. AU - Verwiel, J.M.M. AU - Kaasjager, H.A.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59019 AB - Three patients presented with acute, excessive bleeding: a 54-year-old man following trauma to the pelvis, a 34-year-old woman with postpartum blood loss and a 62-year-old man with a duodenal ulcer. Treatment consisted of surgery, the administration of blood products and haemostatic agents, in varying strategies. The men recovered but the woman died as a result of cardiac rhythm disorders. It is unclear to what extent blood products should be used in patients with acute, excessive blood loss. Also, haemostatic agents have already found a place in the treatment of these patients, but it is unclear whether they should be administered early, as prophylaxis, or later when all other treatments have failed. While official registration of the haemostatic agent recombinant activated factor VII for this indication is pending, it is important that treatment with rFVIIa be embedded in a structured protocol to prevent overuse of blood products and administration of this medication to patients who do not need it. Controlled clinical trials for validation should be carried out prior to the implementation of such a protocol. TI - [A 'blind' transfusion policy in patients with acute severe blood loss] EP - 1906 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 39 SP - 1901 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fikkers, B.G. AU - Veen, J.A. van AU - Kooloos, J.G.M. AU - Pickkers, P. AU - Hoogen, F.J.A. van den AU - Hillen, B. AU - Hoeven, J.G. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58607 AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: Part 1: To describe cases of emphysema (subcutaneous and/or mediastinal) and pneumothorax after percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) in a series of 326 patients, and to review the existing literature describing the incidence and possible mechanisms. Part 2: To analyze the potential mechanisms for the development of emphysema and pneumothorax in human cadaver models. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of PDTs, in combination with an anatomic study in human cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Part 1: All ICU patients who underwent PDT between 1997 and 2002 were enrolled in the study. We analyzed the cases of emphysema and pneumothorax. Similar cases were retrieved from the literature and underwent a systematic review. Part 2: The relevant anatomic structures were studied. We simulated the clinical situation after PDT in a human pathologic study in order to induce subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Part 1: Five cases of subcutaneous emphysema (1.5%) and two cases of pneumothorax (0.6%) are described. In the literature search, we found 41 cases of emphysema (1.4%) and 25 cases of pneumothorax (0.8%) in a total of 3,012 patients. Part 2: Subcutaneous emphysema could easily be induced in a human cadaver model by inflating air in the pretracheal tissues and after posterior tracheal wall laceration. Air leakage was also possible through a fenestrated cannula via the space between the inner nonfenestrated cannula and outer cannula and then through the fenestration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that one mechanism for the development of emphysema is an imperfect positioning of the fenestrated cannula, whereby the fenestration is extraluminal. For this reason, fenestrated cannulas should not be used immediately after placement of a PDT. Posterior tracheal wall laceration is another mechanism responsible for emphysema after PDT. After perforation of the posterior tracheal wall, the pleural space can be reached easily. This may result in a pneumothorax. TI - Emphysema and pneumothorax after percutaneous tracheostomy: case reports and an anatomic study. EP - 1814 SN - 0012-3692 IS - iss. 5 SP - 1805 JF - Chest VL - vol. 125 DO - https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.5.1805 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ginneken, E.E.M. van AU - Droogleever Fortuyn, H.A. AU - Smits, P. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59356 AB - Adenosine is an endogenous purine with vasodilating and cardioprotective properties. Animal experiments have shown that some benzodiazepine-induced effects can be explained by potentiation of adenosine effects, via inhibition of the nucleoside transport system. The objective of this study was to determine whether the frequently used benzodiazepines diazepam and midazolam increase adenosine-induced vasodilation in the human forearm vascular bed, measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Adenosine (0.6, 6, 20, and 60 nmol/min/dl ForeArm Volume) was infused into the brachial artery with and without concomitant separate infusion of diazepam (21 nmol/min/dl, n = 9) and midazolam (23 nmol/min/dl, n = 8). Plasma concentrations of diazepam resp. midazolam at the end of the infusion protocol averaged 0.5 +/- 0.2 microg/ml plasma (1.6 microM) for diazepam versus 1.2 +/- 0.4 microg/ml plasma (3 microM) for midazolam. Intra-arterial infusion of the benzodiazepines did not alter baseline vascular tone, and had no significant influence on the forearm vasodilator response to adenosine. The adenosine-induced relative change in Forearm Vascular Resistance (FVR) was -3 +/- 7, -48 +/- 8, -75 +/- 6, and -85 +/- 3% in the absence and 3.5 +/- 11, -54 +/- 5, -74 +/- 5, and -82 +/- 3% resp. in the presence of diazepam (P > 0.1, repeated measures ANOVA, n = 9). Likewise, in the absence resp. presence of midazolam, FVR fell by 1 +/- 6, 55 +/- 5, 74 +/- 3, and 84 +/- 2% resp. 11 +/- 11, 59 +/- 2, 80 +/- 3, and 87 +/- 2% (P > 0.1, n = 7). Intra-brachial infusion of diazepam and midazolam resulting in forearm concentrations in the high therapeutic range does not augment adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation. A possible interaction at supra-therapeutic levels of the benzodiazepines can not be excluded from the present study, but lacks clinical significance. TI - The influence of diazepam and midazolam on adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation in humans. EP - 280 SN - 0160-2446 IS - iss. 2 SP - 276 JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology VL - vol. 43 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200402000-00017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoogendoorn, L. AU - Cools, B.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58252 AB - A 32-year-old woman presented with persistent vomiting, epigastric pain and weight loss. A sinus tachycardia was the clue to the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. On treatment with propylthiouracil and a beta-blocking agent, her symptoms resolved within one day, even though her free thyroxine level was still high. Hyperthyroidism is an uncommon, but previously reported cause of persistent vomiting. TI - Hyperthyroidism as a cause of persistent vomiting. EP - 296 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 8 SP - 293 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58252/58252.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spronsen, D.J. van AU - Berkmortel, F.W.P.J. van den AU - Bootsma, G.P. AU - Mulder, P.H.M. de PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59025 TI - [A young man with rapidly progressing dyspnoea and a mediastinal mass] EP - 2289 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 46 SP - 2286 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCall, M.B.B. AU - Lith-Verhoeven, J.J. van AU - Crevel, R. van AU - Crama, N. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. AU - Hoyng, C.B. AU - Ven, A.J.A.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58847 AB - Two cases of ocular syphilis are described in HIV-infected individuals after unprotected oral sex. The primary syphilitic lesion remained unnoticed and lues was therefore only diagnosed after visual symptoms developed. TI - Ocular syphilis acquired through oral sex in two HIV-infected patients. EP - 208 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 6 SP - 206 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuyt, R.J.L. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Krieken, J.H.J.M. van AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57772 AB - Endogenous interleukin (IL)-18 is necessary for host defense against candidiasis. Prophylactic treatment of Candida albicans-infected mice with recombinant murine (r) IL-18 decreased mortality, which was accompanied by a decreased outgrowth of yeasts in the kidneys 1 day after infection. Therapeutic administration of rIL-18 also resulted in decreased outgrowth of C. albicans in the kidneys and increased levels of interferon- gamma, both in the circulation and after in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with C. albicans. Histopathologic analysis of the kidneys showed increased inflammation and decreased growth of C. albicans in rIL-18-treated mice. In conclusion, rIL-18 improves outcome of disseminated candidiasis in mice and may prove useful as adjuvant immunotherapy of fungal infections. TI - Recombinant interleukin-18 protects against disseminated Candida albicans infection in mice. EP - 1527 SN - 0022-1899 IS - iss. 8 SP - 1524 JF - The Journal of Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 189 DO - https://doi.org/10.1086/382955 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eijk, L.T.G.J. van AU - Pickkers, P. AU - Smits, P. AU - Bouw, M.P.W.J.M. AU - Hoeven, J.G. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57759 AB - OBJECTIVE: Endotoxin administration to humans is a common means to study systemic inflammation. Worldwide, thousands of volunteers have received endotoxin, and adverse events are rarely reported. The aim of this report was to increase awareness of specific risks of the intravenous administration of endotoxin to human volunteers. DESIGN: Report of four cases who developed severe bradycardia or protracted asystole after administration of endotoxin. Interviews with investigators at three large centers that conduct normal volunteer endotoxin studies. SETTING: Clinical research unit. CASES: Four subjects developed severe bradycardia or protracted asystole, approximately 1 h after administration of endotoxin. Further analyses revealed that the subjects had a history of vasovagal syncope or a positive head-tilt test, indicating increased vagal sensitivity. Relative volume depletion associated with fasting overnight may have predisposed these subjects to this condition. CONCLUSIONS: These responses are very rare and are likely due to the cardioinhibitory Bezold-Jarisch reflex. A thorough screening regarding a history of vagal sensitivity and liberal oral or intravenous fluid administration prior to and during the endotoxin challenge may decrease the risk of these events. TI - Severe vagal response after endotoxin administration in humans. EP - 2281 SN - 0342-4642 IS - iss. 12 SP - 2279 JF - Intensive Care Medicine VL - vol. 30 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-004-2477-0 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Brouwer, A.E. AU - Hoogendoorn, L. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Koolen, M. AU - Verweij, P.E. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59191 AB - BACKGROUND: Although Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes human disease predominantly in the immunocompromised host, severe cryptococcal infections are occasionally encountered in apparently immunocompetent individuals. Activation of cellular immunity by proinflammatory cytokines plays a central role in anticryptococcal defense. METHODS: We describe 2 patients with severe cryptococcal meningitis who appeared to have idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia. For these patients and for 4 healthy volunteers, ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with microbial stimuli was used to investigate putative defects in cytokine production capacity. RESULTS: Assessment of the cytokine released from the 2 patients with CD4 lymphopenia revealed a defective production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)- gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but not of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). One patient with disease progression despite receipt of antifungal treatment was administered immunotherapy with recombinant IFN- gamma . Administration of recombinant IFN- gamma resulted in both restoration of immunological parameters and a sustained clinical recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Refractory meningitis may be due to defective TNF and IFN- gamma production, and IFN- gamma treatment may be useful in patients with an impaired cellular immune response and refractory cryptococcal meningitis. TI - Two patients with cryptococcal meningitis and idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia: defective cytokine production and reversal by recombinant interferon- gamma therapy. EP - 7 SN - 1058-4838 IS - iss. 9 SP - e83 JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 39 DO - https://doi.org/10.1086/425121 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wout, J.W. van 't AU - Kuijper, E.J. AU - Verweij, P.E. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58922 AB - The azole antifungal voriconazole and the echinocandin caspofungin have recently become available for the treatment of invasive mycoses. Fluconazole remains the drug of choice for candidemia, except for infections with one of the resistent species such as Candida krusei and some strains of Candida glabrata. In these cases, as well as in patients who cannot tolerate azoles in connection with side effects or drug interactions, caspofungin is an attractive alternative. Voriconazole has become the drug of choice for severe invasive aspergillosis. Itraconazole is a good alternative for milder and chronic forms of aspergillosis. The use of conventional amphotericin B will be limited by the availability of the new drugs. In view of their high costs, the lipid-bound forms of amphotericin B will usually be given only as salvage therapy in case of failure, in patients who are unable to tolerate either conventional amphotericin or one of the newer agents, and for the treatment of zygomycosis. TI - [New developments in antifungal therapy: fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin] EP - 1684 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 34 SP - 1679 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bosch, R.R. AU - Bazuine, M. AU - Span, P.N. AU - Willems, P.H.G.M. AU - Olthaar, A.J. AU - Rennes, H. van AU - Maassen, J.A. AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Hermus, A.R.M.M. AU - Sweep, C.G.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57749 AB - Members of the PKC (protein kinase C) superfamily play key regulatory roles in glucose transport. How the different PKC isotypes are involved in the regulation of glucose transport is still poorly defined. PMA is a potent activator of conventional and novel PKCs and PMA increases the rate of glucose uptake in many different cell systems. In the present study, we show that PMA treatment increases glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by two mechanisms: a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-dependent increase in GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) expression levels and a PKClambda-dependent translocation of GLUT1 towards the plasma membrane. Intriguingly, PKClambda co-immunoprecipitated with PKCbeta(II) and did not with PKCbeta(I). Previously, we have described that down-regulation of PKCbeta(II) protein levels or inhibiting PKCbeta(II) by means of the myristoylated PKCbetaC2-4 peptide inhibitor induced GLUT1 translocation towards the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Combined with the present findings, these results suggest that the liberation of PKClambda from PKCbeta(II) is an important factor in the regulation of GLUT1 distribution in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. TI - Regulation of GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake by PKClambda-PKCbeta(II) interactions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EP - 355 SN - 0264-6021 IS - iss. Pt 2 SP - 349 JF - Biochemical Journal VL - vol. 384 DO - https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20040797 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/57749/57749.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hest, R. van AU - Zanden, A. van der AU - Boeree, M.J. AU - Kremer, K. AU - Dessens, M. AU - Westenend, P.J. AU - Maraha, B. AU - Uffelen, R. van AU - Schutte, R. AU - Lange, W. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58701 AB - Mycobacterium heckeshornense is a rare isolate in clinical specimens. We performed simultaneous 16S rRNA sequence analysis of a mycobacterium culture and a histopathology specimen to determine the relevance of M. heckeshornense infection in an immunocompetent patient initially presenting with pneumothorax. TI - Mycobacterium heckeshornense infection in an immunocompetent patient and identification by 16S rRNA sequence analysis of culture material and a histopathology tissue specimen. EP - 4389 SN - 0095-1137 IS - iss. 9 SP - 4386 JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology VL - vol. 42 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.9.4386-4389.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58701/58701.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Porte, C.J.L. la AU - Colbers, E.P.H. AU - Bertz, R.J. AU - Voncken, D.S. AU - Wikstrom, K. AU - Boeree, M.J. AU - Koopmans †, P.P. AU - Hekster, Y.A. AU - Burger, D.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59349 AB - Coadministration of lopinavir-ritonavir, an antiretroviral protease inhibitor, at the standard dose (400/100 mg twice a day [BID]) with the antituberculous agent rifampin is contraindicated because of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A by rifampin. In the present study, two adjusted-dose regimens of lopinavir-ritonavir were tested in combination with rifampin. Thirty-two healthy subjects participated in a randomized, two-arm, open-label, multiple-dose, within-subject controlled study. All subjects were treated with lopinavir-ritonavir at 400/100 mg BID from days 1 to 15. From days 16 to 24, the subjects in arm 1 received lopinavir-ritonavir at 800/200 mg BID in a dose titration, and the subjects in arm 2 received lopinavir-ritonavir at 400/400 mg BID in a dose titration. Rifampin was given at 600 mg once daily to all subjects from days 11 to 24. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, ritonavir, and rifampin were assessed. Twelve of 32 subjects withdrew from the study. For nine subjects lopinavir-ritonavir combined with rifampin resulted in liver enzyme level elevations. Pharmacokinetic data for 19 subjects were evaluable. Geometric mean ratios for the lopinavir minimum concentration in serum and the maximum concentration in serum (C(max)) on day 24 versus that on day 10 were 0.43 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.96) and 1.02 (90% CI, 0.85 to 1.23), respectively, for arm 1 (n = 10) and 1.03 (90% CI, 0.68 to 1.56) and 0.93 (90% CI, 0.81 to 1.07), respectively, for arm 2 (n = 9). Ritonavir exposure increased from days 10 to 24 in both arms. The geometric mean C(max) of rifampin was 13.5 mg/liter (day 24) and was similar between the two arms. Adjusted-dose regimens of lopinavir-ritonavir in combination with therapeutic drug monitoring and monitoring of liver function may allow concomitant use of rifampin. TI - Pharmacokinetics of adjusted-dose lopinavir-ritonavir combined with rifampin in healthy volunteers. EP - 1560 SN - 0066-4804 IS - iss. 5 SP - 1553 JF - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy VL - vol. 48 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.5.1553-1560.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59349/59349.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Gielissen, M.F.M. AU - Bazelmans, E. AU - Berends, T.B.M. AU - Verhagen, O. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58807 TI - Cognitieve gedragstherapie voor vermoeidheid na kanker: een behandelprotocol. EP - 370 SN - 1388-7491 IS - iss. 6 SP - 364 JF - TSG. Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen VL - vol. 6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oude Lashof, A.M.L. AU - Bock, R. de AU - Herbrecht, R. AU - Pauw, B.E. de AU - Krcmery, V. AU - Aoun, M. AU - Akova, M. AU - Cohen, J. AU - Siffnerova, H. AU - Egyed, M. AU - Ellis, M. AU - Marinus, A. AU - Sylvester, R.J. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57206 TI - EORTC Invasive Fungal Infections Group. An open multicentre comparative study of the efficacy, safety and tolerance of fluconazole and itraconazole in the treatment of cancer patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. EP - 1319 SN - 0959-8049 IS - iss. 9 SP - 1314 JF - European Journal of Cancer VL - vol. 40 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oude Lashof, A.M.L. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59027 AB - For 45 years, amphotericin B has been the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive mycoses. Because of its severe toxicity, lipid-associated formulations of amphotericin B have been developed. Although comparative trials are scarce, there appears to be no convincing advantage of these new formulations in terms of efficacy. The lipid-associated amphotericins are significantly less nephrotoxic than conventional amphotericin B, although there are major differences in the infusion-related toxicity of the various lipid-associated preparations. The current armamentarium of azoles and echinocandins for the treatment of invasive mycoses has only left a very minor role for both conventional and lipid-associated amphotericin B in the treatment of a few specific, rare mycoses. TI - [Amphotericin B: the end of an era] EP - 1668 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 34 SP - 1665 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Oude Lashof, A.M.L. AU - Netea, M.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58102 AB - Resolution of invasive fungal infections is often dependent on recovery from an immunocompromised state, which indicates that host defense mechanisms are extremely important in the clearance of fungal pathogens. Immunotherapy aimed at enhancement of host defense mechanisms may improve clinical outcome of invasive mycoses. The design of trials of immunotherapy against fungal pathogens requires profound knowledge of the host defense mechanisms that are involved in invasive fungal infections. Prospective phase II studies with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma have been done. Recombinant interferon-gamma is a candidate for phase III trials of adjunctive immunotherapy for cryptococcal meningitis, invasive aspergillosis, and candidemia, but the proper design of future trials will be crucial to establish whether immunotherapy is of clinical value in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. TI - Design of efficacy trials of cytokines in combination with antifungal drugs. EP - 23 SN - 1058-4838 IS - iss. suppl. 4 SP - S218 JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 39 Suppl 4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1086/421960 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oude Lashof, A.M.L. AU - Bock, R. de AU - Herbrecht, R. AU - Pauw, B.E. de AU - Krcmery, V. AU - Aoun, M. AU - Akova, M. AU - Cohen, J. AU - Siffnerova, H. AU - Egyed, M. AU - Ellis, M. AU - Marinus, A. AU - Sylvester, R.J. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58116 AB - Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a frequent infection in cancer patients who receive cytotoxic drugs. In this study, the efficacy, safety and tolerance of fluconazole and itraconazole were compared in non-neutropenic cancer patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Of 279 patients who were randomised between the two treatment groups, 252 patients were considered to be eligible (126 in each group). The clinical cure rate was 74% for fluconazole and 62% for itraconazole (P=0.04, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.5-23.3%). The mycological cure rate was 80% for fluconazole and 68% for itraconazole (P=0.03, 95% CI: 1.2-22.6%). The safety and tolerance profile of both drugs were comparable. This study has shown that in patients with cancer and oropharyngeal candidiasis, fluconazole has a significantly better clinical and mycological cure rate compared with itraconazole. TI - An open multicentre comparative study of the efficacy, safety and tolerance of fluconazole and itraconazole in the treatment of cancer patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. EP - 1319 SN - 0959-8049 IS - iss. 9 SP - 1314 JF - European Journal of Cancer VL - vol. 40 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pickkers, P. AU - Hoedemaekers, C.W.E. AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Galan, B.E. de AU - Smits, P. AU - Hoeven, J.G. van der AU - Deuren, M. van PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58239 AB - Recent trials investigating the effects of strict glucose regulation in critically ill patients have shown impressive reductions in morbidity and mortality. Although the literature focuses on the possible toxic effects of high blood glucose levels, the underlying mechanism for this improvement is unclear. We hypothesise that strict glucose regulation results in modulation of cytokine production, leading to a shift towards a more anti-inflammatory pattern. This shift in the cytokine balance accounts for the reduction in morbidity and mortality. To support our hypothesis, effects of glucose and insulin on cytokine release and effects of glucose, insulin, and cytokines on host defence, cardiac function and coagulation will be reviewed. TI - Hypothesis: Normalisation of cytokine dysbalance explains the favourable effects of strict glucose regulation in the critically ill. EP - 150 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 5 SP - 143 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Galan, B.E. de AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Willemsen, J.J. AU - Sweep, C.G.J. AU - Smits, P. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57986 AB - A defective epinephrine response to hypoglycemia is a common disorder in type 1 diabetes. We assessed the role of the adrenomedullary capacity to secrete epinephrine in this disorder by measuring plasma metanephrine levels in affected type 1 diabetic patients compared with those in matched nondiabetic controls. Metanephrine is formed from epinephrine that leaks from adrenomedullary storage vesicles by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and is continuously released into the circulation. Thus, plasma metanephrine levels reflect adrenomedullary epinephrine content and, provided there is normal COMT activity, the adrenomedullary capacity to secrete epinephrine. Diabetic patients had approximately 25% lower plasma metanephrine levels than controls (0.18 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.02 nmol/liter; P = 0.012), whereas plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and normetanephrine levels were comparable between patients and controls. In response to hypoglycemia, the increments in plasma epinephrine and plasma metanephrine levels were both significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls (P < 0.001), but the increase in plasma metanephrine as a percentage of the increase in plasma epinephrine was identical, indicating similar COMT activity. We conclude that type 1 diabetic patients with an impaired epinephrine response to hypoglycemia have lower plasma metanephrine levels than matched controls, reflecting decreased adrenomedullary stores of epinephrine and indicating reduced adrenomedullary capacity to secrete epinephrine. TI - Plasma metanephrine levels are decreased in type 1 diabetic patients with a severely impaired epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, indicating reduced adrenomedullary stores of epinephrine. EP - 2061 SN - 0021-972X IS - iss. 5 SP - 2057 JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism VL - vol. 89 DO - https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031289 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/57986/57986.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timmers, H.J.L.M. AU - Deinum, J. AU - Wevers, R.A. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58887 AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Due to the absence of DbetaH, there is a blocked conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine. The biochemical hallmark of this syndrome consists of a complete absence of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in conjunction with an increased plasma dopamine level. Several mutations in the gene that encodes for DbetaH have been described. Up to now, worldwide, 12 patients have been reported. The most important clinical feature is a severe orthostatic hypotension. In addition, several other clinical features like blepharoptosis, hyperflexible joints, high palate, sluggish deep tendon reflexes, and a mild normocytic anemia have been described. The only effective treatment of DbetaH deficiency is L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS). DOPS is converted directly into norepinephrine. Treatment with DOPS results in a sustained relief of orthostatic symptoms. TI - Congenital dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency in humans. EP - 523 SN - 0077-8923 SP - 520 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences VL - vol. 1018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1296.064 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timmers, H.J.L.M. AU - Wieling, W. AU - Karemaker, J.M. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58150 AB - The arterial baroreflex buffers abrupt transients of blood pressure and prevents pressure from rising or falling excessively. In experimental animals, baroreceptor denervation results in temporary or permanent increases in blood pressure level and variability, depending on the extent of denervation. In humans, the clinical syndrome of baroreflex failure may arise from denervation of carotid baroreceptors following carotid body tumour resection, carotid artery surgery, neck irradiation and neck trauma. The syndrome is characterised by acute malignant hypertension and tachycardia followed by labile hypertension and hypotension. Baroreflex failure can be a cause of hypertension and should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Patients with suspected baroreflex failure should be referred to specialised centres for diagnostic testing and treatment. TI - Baroreflex failure: a neglected type of secondary hypertension. EP - 155 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 5 SP - 151 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timmers, H.J.L.M. AU - Buskens, F.G.M. AU - Wieling, W. AU - Karemaker, J.M. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57505 AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid endarterectomy (CE) may be complicated by the clinical syndrome of baroreflex failure. Alterations of baroreflex function may also account for the frequently observed blood pressure lability in the first hours following surgery. We investigated the long-term effects of unilateral CE on baroreflex control of function and blood pressure. METHODS: We investigated 14 patients after unilateral CE (13 m:1 f, 64.8 +/- 6.5 years), 9 patients with a surgically untreated uni-/bilateral carotid stenosis (CS, 7 m:2 f, 57.6 +/- 10.7 years) and 12 healthy controls (HC, 11 m:1 f, 60.9 +/- 7.9 years) by means of Valsalva maneuver, active standing, forced breathing, cold face test, cold pressor test and mental arithmetic. Ambulatory blood pressure level and variability were determined from 24-hour Spacelabs and 5-hour beat-to-beat Portapres recordings. RESULTS: Baroreflex sensitivity (derived from phase IV Valsalva maneuver) was significantly lower in CE (1.53 +/- 0.83 ms/mmHg) than in CS (4.39 +/- 2.27, p = 0.002) and HC (5.34 +/- 3.78, p = 0.003). CE patients exhibited a decreased reflex control of heart rate in response to Valsalva's maneuver and active standing without orthostatic hypotension. Office blood pressure levels before and after endarterectomy were similar, as were ambulatory blood pressure levels in the three groups. Ambulatory blood pressure variability was higher in CE and CS than in HC, but not different between CE and CS. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral CE causes a long-term impairment of baroreflex function, resulting in an attenuated reflex control of heart rate, but no hypertension or blood pressure lability. TI - Long-term effects of unilateral carotid endarterectomy on arterial baroreflex function. EP - 79 SN - 0959-9851 IS - iss. 2 SP - 72 JF - Clinical Autonomic Research VL - vol. 14 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-004-0165-3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timmers, H.J.L.M. AU - Wieling, W. AU - Karemaker, J.M. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58704 AB - Iatrogenic bilateral denervation of carotid sinus baroreceptors may occur as a complication of carotid body tumor resection and radiation therapy of the neck. The acute phase of the resulting syndrome of baroreflex failure is characterized by a limited blood pressure buffering capacity against excessive rise or fall in response to emotional and physical stimuli like sexual arousal and cold. Paroxysms of severe hypertension and tachycardia, accompanied by excessive increments in sympathetic tone and catecholamine plasma levels, were ascribed to loss of tonic inhibitory influence of baroreceptors on sympathetic tone. Bilateral anesthetic blockade of baroreceptor afferent nerves was shown to result in a strong increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity and disruption of its normal patterning. This chapter reviews our findings on the long-term effects of iatrogenic baroreflex trauma on the hemodynamic responses to pharmacological, physical, and emotional stress in the autonomic function laboratory as well as under daily life conditions. Chronic attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity after carotid body tumor resection and neck irradiation results in an increased blood pressure variability. However, unopposed sympathetic activation in response to physical and emotional stress appears to be limited to the acute phase of baroreflex failure. TI - Cardiovascular responses to stress after carotid baroreceptor denervation in humans. EP - 519 SN - 0077-8923 SP - 515 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences VL - vol. 1018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1296.063 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timmers, H.J.L.M. AU - Rongen, G.A.P.J.M. AU - Karemaker, J.M. AU - Wieling, W. AU - Marres, H.A.M. AU - Lenders, J.W.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59280 AB - The direct vasodilatory and negative chronotropic effects of adenosine in humans are counterbalanced by a reflex increase in sympathetic nerve traffic. A suggested mechanism for this reflex includes peripheral chemoreceptor activation. We, therefore, assessed the contribution of carotid chemoreceptors to sympatho-excitation by adenosine. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded during adenosine infusion (140 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 5 min) in five patients lacking carotid chemoreceptors after bilateral carotid body tumour resection (one male and four female, mean age 51 +/- 11 years) and in six healthy controls (two male and four female, mean age 50 +/- 7 years). Sympathetic responses to sodium nitroprusside injections were assessed to measure baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic activation. In response to adenosine, controls showed no change in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate (+48.2 +/- 13.2%; P<0.003) and an increase in sympathetic nerve activity (+195 +/- 103%; P<0.022). In contrast, patients showed a decrease in blood pressure (-14.6 +/- 4.9/-17.6 +/- 6.0%; P<0.05), an increase in heart rate (+25.3 +/- 8.4%; P<0.032) and no significant change in sympathetic activity. Adenosine-induced hypotension in individual patients elicited less sympathetic activation than equihypotensive sodium nitroprusside injections. In humans lacking carotid chemoreceptors, adenosine infusion elicits hypotension due to the absence of significant sympatho-excitation. Chemoreceptor activation is essential for counterbalancing the direct vasodilation by adenosine. In addition, blunting of the baroreflex sympathetic response to adenosine-induced hypotension may indicate a direct sympatho-inhibitory effect of adenosine. TI - The role of carotid chemoreceptors in the sympathetic activation by adenosine in humans. EP - 82 SN - 0143-5221 IS - iss. 1 SP - 75 JF - Clinical Science VL - vol. 106 DO - https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20030174 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59280/59280.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Severens, J.L. AU - Prins, J.B. AU - Wilt, G.J. van der AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Bleijenberg, G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57392 AB - BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is efficacious in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but little data on its cost-effectiveness. DESIGN: Prospective economic analysis alongside a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: CFS patients were randomly assigned to CBT, guided support groups (SG), or the 'natural course' (NC, no protocol-based interventions). Patients were treated for 8 months and followed-up for another 6 months. Costs per patient showing clinically significant improvement, based on the CIS fatigue scale, and costs per quality-adjusted life year, were determined for a time period of 14 months. RESULTS: Data were available for 171 patients at 8 months and for 128 at 14 months. At 8 and 14 months, the percentages of improved patients were 31% and 27% for CBT, 9% and 11% for SG, and 12% and 20% for NC. Mean QALYs gained at 14 months were, for CBT, SG and NC, respectively, 0.0737, -0.0018 and 0.0458. CBT and SG mean treatment costs were euro1490 and euro424. Other medical costs for CBT, SG, and NC, respectively, were euro324, euro623 and euro412 for the first period, and euro232, euro561 and euro378 for the second period. Non-medical costs for these periods for CBT, SG and NC were euro262, euro550, euro427 and euro226, euro439, euro287, respectively. Productivity costs were considerable, but not significantly different between groups. DISCUSSION: CBT was less costly and more effective than SG. Compared to NC, the baseline incremental cost-effectiveness of CBT was euro20 516 per CFS patient showing clinically significant improvement, and euro21 375 per QALY. The bootstrap ratios showed considerable uncertainty regarding the results. Future research should focus on productivity costs, and follow patients prospectively over a longer period. TI - Cost-effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. EP - 161 SN - 1460-2725 IS - iss. 3 SP - 153 JF - Quarterly Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 97 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hch029 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bleeker-Rovers, C.P. AU - Kleijn, E.M.H.A. de AU - Corstens, F.H.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Oyen, W.J.G. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57980 AB - Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and suspected focal infection or inflammation are challenging medical problems. The aim of this study was to assess the value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in patients with FUO and patients with suspected focal infection or inflammation. All FDG PET scans ordered because of FUO or suspected focal infection or inflammation in the last 4 years were reviewed. These results were compared with the final diagnosis. Thirty-five FDG PET scans were performed in 35 patients with FUO. A final diagnosis was established in 19 patients (54%). Of the total number of scans, 37% were clinically helpful. The positive predictive value of FDG PET in these patients was 87% and the negative predictive value was 95%. Fifty-five FDG PET scans were performed in 48 patients with suspected focal infection or inflammation. A final diagnosis was established in 38 patients (82%). Of the total number of scans, 65% were clinically helpful. The positive predictive value of FDG PET in these 55 episodes of suspected infection or inflammation was 95% and the negative predictive value was 100%. It is concluded that FDG PET appears to be a valuable imaging technique in the evaluation of FUO and suspected focal infection or inflammation. Furthermore, FDG PET could become a useful tool for evaluating the effect of treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes that cannot reliably be visualised by conventional techniques. However, to assess the additional diagnostic value of this technique, prospective studies of FDG PET as part of a structured diagnostic protocol are warranted. TI - Clinical value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation. EP - 37 SN - 1619-7070 IS - iss. 1 SP - 29 JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging VL - vol. 31 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1338-3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crevel, R. van AU - Doorninck, D.J. van AU - Ams, J.E. van AU - Fat, H.T. AU - Vreden, S.G.S. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58908 AB - OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the extent and possible causes of the increased incidence of tuberculosis among Amazonian Indians in Surinam. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: In two cross-sectional surveys in 1998 and 2000, the inhabitants of Kwamalasamutu, a village of Trio-Indians in Surinam, were examined for the presence of active and latent tuberculosis. Previous cases from the period 1995-2000 were evaluated retrospectively by consulting individual physicians and the archives of the 'Medische Zending' (Medical Mission), the 'Diakonessenhuis' hospital, the clinic for pulmonary diseases, and the Central Laboratory. Family ties and other factors that might be associated with tuberculosis were examined. Spoligotyping was done on all patient isolates. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2000, active tuberculosis was diagnosed in 25 Indians from Kwamalasamutu, equal to 4.2 cases/1000 person-years (95% CI: 2.7-6.1). Tuberculin skin tests were positive in 105/733 Indians (14.3%). Cases of tuberculosis were found predominantly within certain families, who were genetically related. Spoligotyping of 5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Trio-Indians showed unique patterns, which were also found in 34 isolates from elsewhere in Surinam. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis was relatively common among Trio-Indians, clustering in certain families. This isolated tribe may have a genetic predisposition for tuberculosis, but their lifestyle and limited access to health care certainly play a role as well. TI - [Tuberculosis among Trio-Indians in Surinam] EP - 429 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 9 SP - 425 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Verduyn Lunel, F.M. AU - Voss, A. AU - Kuijper, E.J. AU - Gelinck, L.B.S. AU - Hoogerbrugge, P.M. AU - Liem, K.L. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Verweij, P.E. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58143 AB - Cerebrospinal fluid samples from five patients from which Candida cells were cultured were tested for the presence of mannan. Samples from four patients categorized as having proven candidosis reacted positively. Samples from the remaining patient and from patients with other central nervous system infections were negative. Detection of mannan may be valuable in the diagnosis of Candida meningitis. TI - Detection of the Candida antigen mannan in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients suspected of having Candida meningitis. EP - 870 SN - 0095-1137 IS - iss. 2 SP - 867 JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology VL - vol. 42 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.2.867-870.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58143/58143.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schneider, P. AU - Schoone, G. AU - Schallig, H. AU - Verhage, D.F. AU - Telgt, D.S.C. AU - Eling, W.M.C. AU - Sauerwein, R.W. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57958 AB - Two quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays (QT-NASBA) based on Pfs16 and Pfs25, have been developed to quantify sexual stage commitment and mature gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. Pfs16 mRNA is expressed in all sexual forms including sexually committed ring stages while expression of Pfs25 mRNA is restricted to late stage gametocytes. Both assays showed a sensitivity of one sexual stage parasite/microl of blood. Blood samples from experimentally infected non-immune human volunteers were tested for Plasmodium falciparum by standard microscopy, a previously developed asexual 18S rRNA QT-NASBA, Pfs16 and Pfs25 mRNA QT-NASBA. Pfs16 QT-NASBA was positive in 9 out of 10 volunteers within 48 h after first detection of 18S rRNA, mostly before or at the day of positive microscopy. In contrast, the Pfs25 mRNA QT-NASBA was negative during the 28 days of follow-up, but consistently positive in gametocyte samples from naturally infected Kenyan patients. These data suggest that sexual stage commitment can occur early in the blood-stage infection without successful maturation into infectious gametocytes. In conclusion, Pfs16 and Pfs25 QT-NASBA assays in combination with a previously developed asexual stage QT-NASBA allow for the separate quantification of all developmental stages present in the circulation. The application of sexual stage QT-NASBA assays may contribute to a better understanding of the biology and epidemiology of malaria transmission. TI - Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in differential stages of development by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. EP - 41 SN - 0166-6851 IS - iss. 1 SP - 35 JF - Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology VL - vol. 137 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.03.018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rijn, J. van AU - Berg, J.B. van den AU - Schipper, R.G. AU - Jong, S. de AU - Cuijpers, V.M.J.I. AU - Verhofstad, A.A.J. AU - Teerlink, T. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58096 TI - Induction of hyperammonia in irradiated hepatoma cells: a recapitulation and possible explanation of the phenomenon. EP - 152 SN - 0007-0920 IS - iss. 1 SP - 150 JF - British Journal of Cancer VL - vol. 91 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601915 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maat, M.M. de AU - Boer, A.T. den AU - Koks, C.H.W. AU - Mulder, J.W. AU - Meenhorst, P.L. AU - Gorp, E. van AU - Mairuhu, A.T. AU - Huitema, A.D. AU - Beijnen, J.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58534 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of intervention in drug interactions of antiretroviral drugs with coadministered agents by a clinical pharmacist in outpatient HIV-treatment. METHODS: The study design included two intervention arms (A and B), which were both preceded by a control observation period. In arm A, a complete list of the currently used drugs, extracted from pharmacy records was provided to the treating physician. In arm B the same list was provided but with a notification when a drug interaction was present and an advice how to handle this. The infectious disease specialist obtained the information before the patient's visit to the outpatient clinic (time point 0). Three months prior (time point -3) and 3 months after (time point +3) the intervention, pharmacy records were also screened for drug interactions. The number of drug interactions (total and per patient) was determined at the three different time points (-3, 0, +3). In addition, drug interactions encountered at time points -3 and 0 were checked for their presence at time points 0 and +3, respectively, for both intervention arms. RESULTS: Arms A and B included 115 and 105 patients, respectively. Patient characteristics of both intervention arms were similar at time point 0. The number of interactions and the number of patients with interactions were similar in both intervention arms at time point 0. There were 42 and 40 potential drug interactions in 30 and 24 patients in arms A and B, respectively. The reduction in the number of interactions per patient over time and after intervention was small but significant, and was equal in both intervention arms. The advice of the clinical pharmacist had thus no additional value. CONCLUSION: Both interventions were effective in reducing the number of drug interactions per patient. The advice of a clinical pharmacist was, however, redundant in the studied setting. TI - Evaluation of clinical pharmacist interventions on drug interactions in outpatient pharmaceutical HIV-care. EP - 130 SN - 0269-4727 IS - iss. 2 SP - 121 JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics VL - vol. 29 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2003.00541.x ER - TY - JOUR AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Kullberg, B.J. AU - Jong, D.J. de AU - Franke, B. AU - Sprong, T. AU - Naber, A.H.J. AU - Drenth, J.P.H. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58732 AB - Mutations of the NOD2 gene have been associated with an increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease, but the pathogenetic mechanisms mediated by NOD2 remain elusive. In the present study, we demonstrate that the 3020insC frameshift-mutation in the NOD2 gene associated with Crohn's disease results in defective release of IL-10 from blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 ligands, peptidoglycan and Pam3Cys-KKKK, but not with bacterial LPS, a TLR4 ligand. The potential pathophysiological significance of this finding in patients with Crohn's disease and who are homozygous for this NOD2 mutation was substantiated by the finding of decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine release when cells from these patients were stimulated with different species of Bacteroides, an enteric microorganism implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In conclusion, defective NOD2 function results in a pro-inflammatory cytokine bias after stimulation of mononuclear cells with TLR2 stimuli, and this could contribute to the overwhelming inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. TI - NOD2 mediates anti-inflammatory signals induced by TLR2 ligands: implications for Crohn's disease. EP - 2059 SN - 0014-2980 IS - iss. 7 SP - 2052 JF - European Journal of Immunology VL - vol. 34 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vonk, A.G. AU - Bont, N. de AU - Netea, M.G. AU - Demacker, P.N.M. AU - Meer, J.W.M. van der AU - Stalenhoef, A.F.H. AU - Kullberg, B.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58198 AB - The effect of hyperlipoproteinemia on systemic candidiasis was investigated by assessing the susceptibility of hyperlipoproteinemic, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice to a systemic Candida albicans infection. The absence of ApoE in these mice resulted in an eightfold increase in plasma lipoprotein concentrations in the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, as compared with levels seen in ApoE +/+ mice. Mortality due to candidemia was significantly higher (86%) in ApoE -/- mice than in ApoE+/+ mice (52%), and in platings of homogenized kidney material on fungal culture medium, ApoE -/- mice yielded significantly higher levels of C. albicans outgrowth than did ApoE+/+ mice. C albicans grew twofold better in ApoE -/- plasma in 4 h than in ApoE+/+ plasma, and depletion of lipoproteins from plasma resulted in a significant seven- to tenfold increase in C. albicans growth. Recombinant ApoE did not directly inhibit C. albicans growth. Our data indicate that the increased susceptibility of ApoE -/- mice to C albicans is due both to increased growth of blastoconidia in ApoE -/- mice in response to the availability of lipids as nutrients, and to the neutralization of candidacidal factors by lipoproteins. This study suggests that lipoproteins play a significant role in host defense against candidiasis. TI - Apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis. EP - 348 SN - 1369-3786 IS - iss. 4 SP - 341 JF - Medical Mycology VL - vol. 42 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780410001657135 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Damme, P.A. van AU - Keuter, M. AU - Assen, S. van AU - Wilde, P.C.M. de AU - Beckers, P.J.A. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57470 TI - A rare case of oral leishmaniasis. EP - 53 SN - 1473-3099 IS - iss. 1 SP - 53 JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00861-2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dorsthorst, D.T.A. te AU - Mouton †, J.W. AU - Beukel, C.J.P. van den AU - Lee, H.A.L. van der AU - Meis, J.F.G.M. AU - Verweij, P.E. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58614 AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 21 Aspergillus isolates were tested against three antifungal agents in RPMI 1640 and yeast nitrogen base at pH 5.0 and 7.0 by a broth microdilution format of the NCCLS method. The MICs of amphotericin B and itraconazole were higher, while those of flucytosine were lower, at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0. The poor correlation between in vitro results and clinical outcome could be due to a difference in pH between the in vitro susceptibility test and at the site of infection. TI - Effect of pH on the in vitro activities of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and flucytosine against Aspergillus isolates. EP - 3150 SN - 0066-4804 IS - iss. 8 SP - 3147 JF - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy VL - vol. 48 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.8.3147-3150.2004 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58614/58614.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pouwels, M.J.M. AU - Tack, C.J.J. AU - Span, P.N. AU - Olthaar, A.J. AU - Sweep, C.G.J. AU - Huvers, F.C. AU - Lutterman, J.A. AU - Hermus, A.R.M.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/59311 AB - It has been proposed that the hexosamine pathway acts as a nutrient-sensing pathway, protecting the cell against abundant fuel supply, and that accumulation of hexosamines represents a biochemical mechanism by which hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induce insulin resistance. We hypothesized that if an increased flux through the hexosamine pathway caused insulin resistance in humans, the hexosamine levels should be increased in adipose and/or muscle tissue in insulin-resistant subjects, such as patients with type 2 diabetes and obese individuals. In addition, we reasoned that if the hexosamine pathway were a nutrient-sensing pathway, hexosamine levels in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue should be correlated with levels of circulating nutrients, such as glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) and leptin concentrations.In a human cross-sectional study of 55 patients [20 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 21 normal-lean (NL) and 14 normal-obese (NO) subjects] who underwent hip replacement surgery, adipose and muscle tissue biopsies were obtained and analyzed for levels of hexosamines [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine] and hexoses (UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose). Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment calculations, serum lipids, and leptin were measured on the same day.Hexosamines were not elevated in adipose and muscle tissue of patients with type 2 DM compared with NL and NO subjects (UDP-GlcNac DM vs. NL vs. NO, 3.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 3.0 +/- 2.0 nmol/g tissue in adipose tissue and 8.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 7.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 7.6 +/- 2.8 nmol/g tissue in muscle tissue, respectively). Hexosamines in adipose tissue were positively correlated with circulating levels of FFA (UDP-GlcNAc, r = 0.33, P < 0.05; UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, r = 0.41, P < 0.01). Adipose tissue UDP-GlcNAc was correlated with leptin levels (r = 0.33; P < 0.05). No such relationship was identified in muscle tissue.In conclusion, these findings argue against a pathophysiological role of the hexosamine pathway in insulin resistance in humans but support the hypothesis that the hexosamine pathway in adipose tissue, not in muscle, is a FFA-sensing pathway and could be involved in the regulation of leptin expression. TI - Role of hexosamines in insulin resistance and nutrient sensing in human adipose and muscle tissue. EP - 5137 SN - 0021-972X IS - iss. 10 SP - 5132 JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism VL - vol. 89 DO - https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0291 L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/59311/59311.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aarnoutse, R.E. AU - Brinkman, K. AU - Benetucci, J. AU - Begovac, J. AU - Stek Jr, M. AU - Burger, D.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58633 AB - A pharmacokinetics study was performed in HIV-infected patients who used indinavir/ritonavir (800/100 mg twice a day) plus efavirenz in the European and South American Study of Indinavir, Efavirenz and Ritonavir. Indinavir plasma concentrations were similar to values previously obtained in healthy volunteers who used the same combination. Efavirenz concentrations were higher than reported before. The pharmacokinetic data suggest that indinavir/ritonavir plus efavirenz (without dose modifications) should be effective in treatment-naive patients, and this was supported by the treatment response of the participants. TI - Pharmacokinetics of indinavir/ritonavir (800/100 mg twice a day) combined with efavirenz in HIV-infected patients. EP - 567 SN - 0269-9370 IS - iss. 3 SP - 565 JF - Aids VL - vol. 18 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200402200-00026 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rongo, L.M.B. AU - Barten, F.J.M.H. AU - Msamanga, G.I. AU - Heederik, D.J.J. AU - Dolmans, W.M.V. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58840 AB - BACKGROUND: Workers in informal small-scale industries (SSI) in developing countries involved in welding, spray painting, woodwork and metalwork are exposed to various hazards with consequent risk to health. Aim To assess occupational exposure and health problems in SSI in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: Focused group discussions (FGD) were conducted among SSI workers. Participants were assessed for exposure to occupational and environmental hazards, the use of protective equipment and health complaints by interview. The findings were discussed with participants and potential interventions identified. RESULTS: Three hundred and ten workers were interviewed (response rate 98%). There was a high level (>90%) of self-reported exposure to either dust, fumes, noise or sunlight in certain occupational groups. There was low reported use of personal protective equipment. There was a high level of self-reported occupational health problems, particularly amongst welders and metalworkers. Workers reported their needs as permanent workplaces, information on work related hazards, water and sanitation, and legislation for SSI. CONCLUSIONS: In SSI in Tanzania, our study suggests that workers have high levels of exposure to multiple health hazards and that use of protective equipment is poor. This group of workers warrants improved occupational health and safety provision. TI - Occupational exposure and health problems in small-scale industry workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a situation analysis. EP - 46 SN - 0962-7480 IS - iss. 1 SP - 42 JF - Occupational Medicine VL - vol. 54 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rongo, L.M.B. AU - Msamanga, G.I. AU - Burstyn, I. AU - Barten, F.J.M.H. AU - Dolmans, W.M.V. AU - Heederik, D.J.J. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58496 AB - Workers in small-scale wood industries (SSWI) have increased risks of developing asthma and other respiratory diseases. Wood dust and microbial agents have both been suggested to play a role, but few studies have measured endotoxin exposure in SSWI in Africa. We assessed inhalable dust levels in 281 samples from 115 workers and bacterial endotoxins levels in 157 samples from 136 workers from SSWI in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The overall geometric mean of personal exposure was 3.3 mg/m(3); geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.5; range 0.45-67.0 mg/m(3)) and 91 EU/m(3) (GSD 3.7; range 9-4914.8 EU/m(3)) for wood dust and endotoxins, respectively. Dust and endotoxin levels were weakly correlated (r = 0.44, n = 157, P < 0.0001). Between- and within-worker variances and percentages explained by the differences among job titles and seasons were 0.31 (9%) and 0.35 (30%), respectively, for wood dust exposure, and 0.35 (0%) and 0.35 (38%) for endotoxin exposure. Higher dust and endotoxin exposure levels were observed in the dry compared to the wet season, after correcting for differences in exposure between jobs. Carving and manual cleaning were associated with the highest dust exposures. Sewing seat covers and manual cleaning were associated with the highest endotoxin exposures. Dust and endotoxin exposure levels in SSWI are high and appropriate control measures are necessary. TI - Exposure to wood dust and endotoxin in small-scale wood industries in Tanzania. EP - 550 SN - 1053-4245 IS - iss. 7 SP - 544 JF - Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology VL - vol. 14 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Emmen, M.J. AU - Wollersheim, H.C.H. AU - Elving, L.D. AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Schippers, G.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58982 AB - Three patients suffered from somatic complaints related to excessive alcohol use. For the first patient, a 42-year-old man, the simple advice to quit drinking was enough for him to stop. A second patient, a 61-year-old woman, continued to deny drinking excessively despite several signs of excessive alcohol use. The third patient, a 45-year-old man, changed his drinking behaviour after receiving lifestyle intervention from the internist. All three patients needed a structural intervention to tackle the drinking problems in addition to medical treatment. The first lifestyle-intervention session takes 10 minutes and subsequent sessions take 5 minutes each. The intervention includes five elements: screening, placing on the agenda, inventory, making an appointment about change and reverting to the appointment about change. A trained nurse could also perform part of the intervention. Although lifestyle interventions seem to be expensive and time-consuming activities in the short-term, in the longer term they save time and money and lead to a satisfactory result for both the patient and physician. TI - [Life style intervention for patients with alcohol-related somatic problems] EP - 604 SN - 0028-2162 IS - iss. 13 SP - 601 JF - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde VL - vol. 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Emmen, M.J. AU - Schippers, G.M. AU - Bleijenberg, G. AU - Wollersheim, H.C.H. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/58620 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of opportunistic brief interventions for problem drinking in a general hospital setting. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Medline, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, reference lists from identified studies and review articles, and contact with experts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Eight studies were retrieved. Most had methodological weaknesses. Only one study, with a relatively intensive intervention and a short follow up period, showed a significantly large reduction in alcohol consumption in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for the effectiveness of opportunistic brief interventions in a general hospital setting for problem drinkers is still inconclusive. TI - Effectiveness of opportunistic brief interventions for problem drinking in a general hospital setting: systematic review. EP - 318 SN - 0959-8146 IS - iss. 7435 SP - 318 JF - Bmj. British Medical Journal (International Ed.) VL - vol. 328 DO - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.37956.562130.EE L1 - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/58620/58620.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coenjaerts, F.E. AU - Flier, M. van der AU - Mwinzi, P.N. AU - Brouwer, A.E. AU - Scharringa, J. AU - Chaka, W.S. AU - Aarts, M. AU - Rajanuwong, A. AU - Vijver, D.A. van de AU - Harrison, T.S. AU - Hoepelman, A.I. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57852 AB - BACKGROUND: Patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) show elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in most cases. Elevated ICP is an important contributor to mortality. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) might be the mediator of BBB disruption during CM. METHODS: We measured VEGF levels in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 95 patients and 63 control subjects, and we analyzed the required trigger and cellular source of VEGF secretion in vitro. RESULTS: Cryptococcus neoformans and its capsular antigens dose-dependently induced VEGF secretion by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). VEGF production by PBMCs induced by antigens strongly exceeded production by monocytes (P<.001). The addition of major histocompatibility complex class II antibody inhibited this production of VEGF (P=.005). Confirming the in vitro data, patients with CM showed significantly elevated VEGF levels in CSF (P<.001), plasma (P=.028), and serum (P<.001), compared with healthy control subjects. Calculated VEGF indices demonstrated that VEGF was produced intrathecally. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that VEGF plays a role in the pathophysiology of CM. We propose that CD4(+) T lymphocytes--stimulated by monocytes acting as antigen-presenting cells--are the cells that produce VEGF in response to cryptococcal antigens. TI - Intrathecal production and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor during Cryptococcal Meningitis. EP - 1317 SN - 0022-1899 IS - iss. 7 SP - 1310 JF - The Journal of Infectious Diseases VL - vol. 190 DO - https://doi.org/10.1086/423849 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ven, A.C. van de AU - Bredie, S.J.H. AU - Vleuten, C.J.M. van der AU - Holewijn, S. AU - Thien, Th. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57991 AB - BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the StethoDop can serve as a valid and reproducible instrument for measuring the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and assessing venous reflux, even when used by inexperienced investigators, in comparison with the classic Doppler. METHODS: I) During four weeks, four ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements were performed on 44 patients: one measurement with the classic Doppler by an experienced investigator, one with the classic Doppler by an inexperienced investigator and two measurements with the StethoDop by the inexperienced investigator. II) 36 patients were screened for venous insufficiency by detecting venous reflux with the StethoDop and classic Doppler at the saphenofemoral and saphenopoplitial junctions by an inexperienced investigator. The results were compared with the results of the duplex as gold standard and with the results of the examination by an experienced dermatologist with the classic Doppler. RESULTS: I) The confidence interval of ABI measurement for both the classic Doppler and the StethoDop by the inexperienced investigator was within an acceptable +/- 0.21 interval of significant change. II) For venous reflux determination, the overall sensitivity and specificity of the StethoDop were comparable with the sensitivity and specificity of the classic Doppler: sensitivity 76.0 and 75.0%, specificity 94.8 and 94.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value of the StethoDop, compared with the duplex, was 87.5%; the negative predictive value was 90.0%. CONCLUSION: I) For ABI measurement, the StethoDop is a valid instrument with reproducible results, even when used by inexperienced investigators. II) For venous reflux determination, the StethoDop is a valid screening instrument for venous insufficiency. However, as with determination with the classic Doppler, the reflux assessment by StethoDop gives no information about the deep veins and may miss up to 24% of apparent reflux. TI - The StethoDop: a Doppler stethoscope attachment for investigation of arterial and venous insufficiency of the lower extremities. EP - 57 SN - 0300-2977 IS - iss. 2 SP - 53 JF - Netherlands Journal of Medicine VL - vol. 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raijmakers, M. AU - Tits, L.J.H. van AU - Hak-Lemmers, H.L.M. AU - Roes, E.M. AU - Steegers, E.A.P. AU - Peters, W.H.M. PY - 2004 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2066/57482 AB - BACKGROUND: Markers of lipid peroxidation are commonly used to assess oxidative stress in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a novel marker for lipid peroxidation, and that of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia and to investigate the influence of gestational age on these parameters. METHOD: Plasma levels of oxLDL and TBARS were assayed in women with severe preeclampsia (n = 40), normotensive pregnant controls matched for gestational age (n = 24) and normotensive pregnant controls at full term (n = 16). RESULTS: Women with preeclampsia showed lower oxLDL levels (mean +/- SE) than matched controls (181 +/- 12 vs. 219 +/- 14; p = 0.027), whereas no differences were found for the TBARS concentration (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4). When women with preeclampsia were compared to control women at full term, TBARS were elevated (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.2; p = 0.01). However, in women with normotensive pregnancy TBARS were also lower in full-term control pregnancy compared to early third-trimester values (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Plasma TBARS decreased during the third trimester of pregnancy, underlining the importance of matching for gestational age when studying markers of lipid peroxidation in pregnant women. Women with preeclampsia had lower plasma levels of oxLDL compared to gestational age-matched controls, indicating that oxLDL could be a marker for preeclampsia. TI - Low plasma levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein in preeclampsia. EP - 1177 SN - 0001-6349 IS - iss. 12 SP - 1173 JF - Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica VL - vol. 83 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00539.x ER -