TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schubotz, L.M.R.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198512
AB  - Speakers can adapt their speech and co-speech gestures based on knowledge shared with an addressee (common ground-based recipient design). Here, we investigate whether these adaptations are modulated by the speaker's age and cognitive abilities. Younger and older participants narrated six short comic stories to a same-aged addressee. Half of each story was known to both participants, the other half only to the speaker. The two age groups did not differ in terms of the number of words and narrative events mentioned per narration, or in terms of gesture frequency, gesture rate, or percentage of events expressed multimodally. However, only the younger participants reduced the amount of verbal and gestural information when narrating mutually known as opposed to novel story content. Age-related differences in cognitive abilities did not predict these differences in common ground-based recipient design. The older participants' communicative behaviour may therefore also reflect differences in social or pragmatic goals.
TI  - Age-related differences in multimodal recipient design: Younger, but not older adults, adapt speech and co-speech gestures to common ground
EP  - 271
SN  - 2327-3798
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 254
JF  - Language, Cognition and Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 34
PS  - 18 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1527377
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladwin, T.E.
AU  - Möbius, M.
AU  - Mcloughlin, S.
AU  - Tyndall, I.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/200157
AB  - Dot‐probe or visual probe tasks (VPTs) are used extensively to measure attentional biases. A novel variant termed the cued VPT (cVPT) was developed to focus on the anticipatory component of attentional bias. This study aimed to establish an anticipatory attentional bias to threat using the cVPT and compare its split‐half reliability with a typical dot‐probe task. A total of 120 students performed the cVPT task and dot‐probe tasks. Essentially, the cVPT uses cues that predict the location of pictorial threatening stimuli, but on trials on which probe stimuli are presented the pictures do not appear. Hence, actual presentation of emotional stimuli did not affect responses. The reliability of the cVPT was higher at most cue-stimulus intervals and was .56 overall. A clear anticipatory attentional bias was found. In conclusion, the cVPT may be of methodological and theoretical interest. Using visually neutral predictive cues may remove sources of noise that negatively impact reliability. Predictive cues are able to bias response selection, suggesting a role of predicted outcomes in automatic processes.
TI  - Anticipatory versus reactive spatial attentional bias to threat
EP  - 14
SN  - 0007-1269
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 3
JF  - British Journal of Psychology (1953)
VL  - vol. 110
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12309
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Hang-Yee
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Schoots, V.C.
AU  - Dietvorst, R.C.
AU  - Boksem, M.A.S.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/203498
AB  - The extent to which brains respond similarly to a specific stimulus, across a small group of individuals, has been previously found to predict out-of-sample aggregate preference for that stimulus. However, the location in the brain where neural similarity predicts out-of-sample preference remains unclear. In this article, we attempt to identify the neural substrates in three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Two fMRI studies (N = 40 and 20), using previously broadcasted TV commercials, show that spatiotemporal neural similarity at temporal lobe and cerebellum predict out-of-sample preference and recall. A follow-up fMRI study (N = 28) with previously unseen movie-trailers replicated the predictive effect of neural similarity. Moreover, neural similarity provided unique information on out-of-sample preference above and beyond in-sample preference. Overall, the findings suggest that neural similarity at temporal lobe and cerebellum – traditionally associated with sensory integration and emotional processing – may reflect the level of engagement with video stimuli.
TI  - Neural similarity at temporal lobe and cerebellum predicts out-of-sample preference and recall for video stimuli
EP  - 401
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 391
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 197
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.076
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lojowska, M.
AU  - Mulckhuyse, M.G.J.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201448
AB  - Rapid detection of threats has been proposed to rely on automatic processing of their coarse visual features. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism is restricted to detection of threat cues, or whether it reflects a broader sensitivity to even neutral coarse visual information features during states of threat. We used a backward masking task in which participants discriminated the orientation of subliminally presented low (3 cpd) and high (6 cpd) spatial frequency gratings, under threat (of shock) and safe conditions. Visual awareness of the gratings was assessed objectively using an additional localization task. When participants were unaware of the gratings, above chance and improved discrimination of low-spatial frequency gratings was observed under threat compared to safe trials. These findings demonstrate unconscious processing of neutral coarse visual information during threat state, supporting the view that automatic threat detection may rely on a general facilitation of coarse features irrespective of threat content.
TI  - Unconscious processing of coarse visual information during anticipatory threat
EP  - 56
SN  - 1053-8100
SP  - 50
JF  - Consciousness and Cognition
VL  - vol. 70
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.01.018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heil, L.
AU  - Colizoli, O.
AU  - Hartstra, E.
AU  - Kwisthout, J.H.P.
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Rooij, I.J.E.I. van
AU  - Bekkering, H.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/203242
AB  - When seeing people perform actions, we are able to quickly predict the action's outcomes. These predictions are not solely based on the observed actions themselves but utilize our prior knowledge of others. It has been suggested that observed outcomes that are not in line with these predictions result in prediction errors, which require additional processing to be integrated or updated. However, there is no consensus on whether this is indeed the case for the kind of high-level social–cognitive processes involved in action observation. In this fMRI study, we investigated whether observation of unexpected outcomes causes additional activation in line with the processing of prediction errors and, if so, whether this activation overlaps with activation in brain areas typically associated with social–cognitive processes. In the first part of the experiment, participants watched animated movies of two people playing a bowling game, one experienced and one novice player. In cases where the player's score was higher or lower than expected based on their skill level, there was increased BOLD activity in areas that were also activated during a theory of mind task that participants performed in the second part of the experiment. These findings are discussed in the light of different theoretical accounts of human social–cognitive processing.
TI  - Processing of prediction errors in mentalizing areas
EP  - 912
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 900
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 31
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01381
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sacheli, L.M.
AU  - Meyer, M.
AU  - Hartstra, E.
AU  - Bekkering, H.
AU  - Hunnius, S.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/204111
AB  - We investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying turn-taking joint action in 42-month-old children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) using a behavioral task of dressing a virtual bear together. We aimed to investigate how participants represent a partners' behavior, i.e., in terms of specific action kinematics or of action effects. The bear was dressed by pressing a smaller and a bigger button. In the Action-response task, instructions asked participants to respond to the partner by pressing the same or opposite button; in the Action-effect task they had to respond to the partner's action effect by dressing the bear with the lacking part of the clothing, which in some cases implied pressing the same button and in other cases implied pressing the opposite button. In 50% of the trials, the partner's association between each button and the ensuing effect (dressing the bear with t-shirt or pants) was reversed, while it never changed for participants. Both children and adults showed no effect of physical congruency of actions, but showed impaired performance in the Action-effect task if their partner achieved her effect through a different action-effect association than their own. These results suggest that, when encoding their partner's actions, agents are influenced by action-effect associations that they learnt through their own experience. While interference led to overt errors in children, it caused longer reaction times in adults, suggesting that a flexible cognitive control (that is still in development in young children) is required to take on the partner's perspective.
TI  - How preschoolers and adults represent their joint action partner's behavior
EP  - 877
SN  - 0340-0727
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 863
JF  - Psychological Research
VL  - vol. 83
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0929-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haak, K.V.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/204816
TI  - Genetic influence on contrast sensitivity in young adults
EP  - e664
SN  - 1755-375X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - e663
JF  - Acta Ophthalmologica (2008)
VL  - vol. 97
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13955
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Utzerath, C.
AU  - Schmits, I.C.
AU  - Kok, P.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/203780
AB  - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be marked by an altered balance between sensory input and prior expectations. Because many illusions rely on integrating sensory input with prior information such as spatial context, individuals with ASD may therefore be less susceptible to visual illusions than typically developing (TD) individuals. Yet empirical evidence on the matter is rather divergent, varying depending on the type of illusion, study procedure, and population. Visual illusions lead to neural activity alterations in the visual system. In the so-called Kanizsa illusion, these are likely caused by top-down feedback to V1. Here we tested the hypothesis that a reduced susceptibility to illusions in ASD would manifest as diminished modulation of V1 activity by illusions, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We presented 22 adolescents with ASD and 22 age-, gender-, and intelligence-matched TD controls with displays that consisted of three circular inducers. These either formed an illusory triangle (Kanizsa illusion) or not. We identified regions in primary visual cortex (V1) that corresponded to (the visual field locations of) the illusory triangle and its inducers, and recorded their visual response. Previous research in healthy volunteers has shown a specific pattern of up- and down-regulation in regions of V1 that process the shape and inducers, respectively. Here, we replicated this pattern of up- and downregulation in V1, in both the TD and ASD groups, with no differences between groups. This suggests that illusory shape processing in primary visual cortex is equally present in ASD, suggesting unimpaired processing of spatial context.
PB  - Radboud Data Repository
TI  - No evidence for altered up- and downregulation of brain activity in visual cortex during illusory shape perception in autism
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piray, P.
AU  - Ly, V.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201745
AB  - Learning and decision-making are modulated by socio-emotional processing and such modulation is implicated in clinically-relevant personality traits of social anxiety. The present study elucidates the computational and neural mechanisms by which emotionally aversive cues disrupt learning in socially anxious human individuals. Healthy volunteers with low or high trait social anxiety performed a reversal learning task requiring learning actions in response to angry or happy face cues. Choice data were best captured by a computational model in which learning rate was adjusted according to the history of surprises. High trait socially anxious individuals employed a less dynamic strategy for adjusting their learning rate in trials started with angry face cues and unlike the low social anxiety group, their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity did not covary with the learning rate. Our results demonstrate that trait social anxiety is accompanied by disruption of optimal learning and dACC activity in threatening situations. Significance statement: Social anxiety is known to influence a broad range of cognitive functions. This study tests whether and how social anxiety affects human value-based learning as a function of uncertainty in the learning environment. The findings indicate that, in a threatening context evoked by an angry face, socially anxious individuals fail to benefit from a stable learning environment with highly predictable stimulus-response-outcome associations. Under those circumstances, socially anxious individuals failed to use their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to adjust learning rate to environmental uncertainty. These findings open the way to modify neurobiological mechanisms of maladaptive learning in anxiety and depressive disorders.
TI  - Emotionally aversive cues suppress neural systems underlying optimal learning in socially anxious individuals
EP  - 1456
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1445
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 39
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1394-18.2018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/201745/201745.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Slagter, H.A.
AU  - Mostert, P.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/205653
AB  - Subjective experience can be influenced by top-down factors, such as expectations and stimulus relevance. Recently, it has been shown that expectations can enhance the likelihood that a stimulus is consciously reported, but the neural mechanisms supporting this enhancement are still unclear. We manipulated stimulus expectations within the attentional blink (AB) paradigm using letters, and combined visual psychophysics with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings to investigate whether prior expectations may enhance conscious access by sharpening stimulus-specific neural representations. We further explored how stimulus-specific neural activity patterns are affected by the factors expectation, stimulus relevance and conscious report. First, we show that valid expectations about the identity of an upcoming stimulus increase the likelihood that it is consciously reported. Second, using a series of multivariate decoding analyses, we show that the identity of letters presented in and out of the attentional blink can be reliably decoded from MEG data. Third, we show that early sensory stimulus-specific neural representations are similar for reported and missed target letters in the AB task (active report required) and an oddball task in which the letter was clearly presented but its identity was task-irrelevant. However, later sustained and stable stimulus-specific representations were uniquely observed when target letters were consciously reported (decision-dependent signal). Fourth, we show that global pre-stimulus neural activity biased perceptual decisions for a “seen” response. Fifth and last, no evidence was obtained for the sharpening of sensory representations by top-down expectations. We discuss these findings in light of emerging models of perception and conscious report highlighting the role of expectations and stimulus relevance.
PB  - Radboud Data Repository
TI  - The neural representations of detected and missed visual stimuli: an MEG study
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lührs, M.
AU  - Riemenschneider, B.
AU  - Eck, Judith
AU  - Andonegui, A.B.
AU  - Poser, A.B.
AU  - Heinecke, A.
AU  - Krause, F.
AU  - Esposito, F.
AU  - Sorger, B.
AU  - Hennig, J.
AU  - Goebel, R.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208203
AB  - Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) enables the update of various brain-activity measures during an ongoing experiment as soon as a new brain volume is acquired. However, the recorded Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal also contains physiological artifacts such as breathing and heartbeat, which potentially cause misleading false positive effects especially problematic in brain computer interface (BCI) and neurofeedback (NF) setups. The low temporal resolution of echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences (which is in the range of seconds) prevents a proper separation of these artifacts from the BOLD signal. MR-Encephalography (MREG) has been shown to provide the high temporal resolution required to unalias and correct for physiological fluctuations and leads to increased specificity and sensitivity for mapping task-based activation and functional connectivity as well as for detecting dynamic changes in connectivity over time. By comparing a simultaneous multislice echo planar imaging (SMS-EPI) sequence and an MREG sequence using the same nominal spatial resolution in an offline analysis for three different experimental fMRI paradigms (perception of house and face stimuli, motor imagery, Stroop task), the potential of this novel technique for future BCI and NF applications was investigated. First, adapted general linear model pre-whitening which accounts for the high temporal resolution in MREG was implemented to calculate proper statistical results and be able to compare these with the SMS-EPI sequence. Furthermore, the respiration- and cardiac pulsation-related signals were successfully separated from the MREG signal using independent component analysis which were then included as regressors for a GLM analysis. Only the MREG sequence allowed to clearly separate cardiac pulsation and respiration components from the signal time course. It could be shown that these components highly correlate with the recorded respiration and cardiac pulsation signal using a respiratory belt and fingertip pulse plethysmograph. Temporal signal-to-noise ratios of SMS-EPI and MREG were comparable. Functional connectivity analysis using partial correlation showed a reduced standard error in MREG compared to SMS-EPI. Also, direct time course comparisons by down-sampling the MREG signal to the SMS-EPI temporal resolution showed lower variance in MREG. In general, we show that the higher temporal resolution is beneficial for fMRI time course modeling and this aspect can be exploited in offline application but also, is especially attractive, for real-time BCI and NF applications.
TI  - The potential of MR-Encephalography for BCI/Neurofeedback applications with high temporal resolution
EP  - 243
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 228
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 194
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.046
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/206106
TI  - Plasticity versus stability across the human cortical visual connectome
SN  - 2041-1723
JF  - Nature Communications
VL  - vol. 10
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11113-z
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/206106/206106.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halbertsma, Hinke N.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Cornelissen, Frans W.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208072
TI  - Stimulus- and Neural-Referred Visual Receptive Field Properties following Hemispherectomy: A Case Study Revisited
SN  - 2090-5904
JF  - Neural Plasticity
VL  - vol. 2019
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6067871
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/208072/208072.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia-Gorro, Clara
AU  - Llera, A.
AU  - Martinez-Horta, Saul
AU  - Perez-Perez, Jesus
AU  - Kulisevsky, Jaime
AU  - Rodriguez-Dechicha, Nadia
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Diego-Balaguer, Ruth De
AU  - Cámara, E.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208068
TI  - Specific patterns of brain alterations underlie distinct clinical profiles in Huntington's disease
SN  - 2213-1582
JF  - Neuroimage. Clinical
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101900
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/208068/208068.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przezdzik, I.
AU  - Faber, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208584
AB  - Understanding the functional organisation of the hippocampus is crucial for understanding its role in cognition and disorders in which it is implicated. Different views have been proposed of how function is distributed along its long axis: one view suggests segregation, whereas the alternative view postulates a more gradual organisation. Here, we applied a novel 'connectopic mapping' data-analysis approach to the resting-state fMRI data of participants of the Human Connectome Project, and demonstrate that the functional organisation of the hippocampal longitudinal axis is gradual rather than segregated into parcels. In addition, we show that inter-individual variations in this gradual organisation predict variations in recollection memory better than a characterisation based on functional parcellation. These results present an important step forward in understanding the functional organisation of the human hippocampus and have important implications for translating between rodent and human research.
TI  - The functional organisation of the hippocampus along its long axis is gradual and predicts recollection
EP  - 335
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 324
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 119
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.015
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mongelli, V.
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/205911
AB  - How does the human brain combine a finite number of words to form an infinite variety of sentences? According to the Memory, Unification and Control (MUC) model, sentence processing requires long-range feedback from the left inferior frontal cortex (LIFC) to left posterior temporal cortex (LPTC). Single word processing however may only require feedforward propagation of semantic information from sensory regions to LPTC. Here we tested the claim that long-range feedback is required for sentence processing by reducing visual awareness of words using a masking technique. Masking disrupts feedback processing while leaving feedforward processing relatively intact. Previous studies have shown that masked single words still elicit an N400 ERP effect, a neural signature of semantic incongruency. However, whether multiple words can be combined to form a sentence under reduced levels of awareness is controversial. To investigate this issue, we performed two experiments in which we measured electroencephalography (EEG) while 40 subjects performed a masked priming task. Words were presented either successively or simultaneously, thereby forming a short sentence that could be congruent or incongruent with a target picture. This sentence condition was compared with a typical single word condition. In the masked condition we only found an N400 effect for single words, whereas in the unmasked condition we observed an N400 effect for both unmasked sentences and single words. Our findings suggest that long-range feedback processing is required for sentence processing, but not for single word processing.
TI  - No language unification without neural feedback: How awareness affects sentence processing
SN  - 1053-8119
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 202
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116063
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Akkermans, S.E.A.
AU  - Rheinheimer, N.
AU  - Bruchhage, Muriel M.K.
AU  - Durston, Sarah
AU  - Brandeis, Daniel
AU  - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Rooij, D. van
AU  - Oldehinkel, Marianne
AU  - Ruiter, S.W. de
AU  - Naaijen, J.
AU  - Mennes, Maarten
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Ilbegi, S.
AU  - Glennon, J.C.
AU  - Vondervoort, I.I.G.M. van de
AU  - Havenith, M.N.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Poelmans, G.J.V.
AU  - Bralten, J.B.
AU  - Heskes, Tom
AU  - Groot, Perry
AU  - Schwalber, Ameli
AU  - Auby, Philippe
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/207938
TI  - Frontostriatal functional connectivity correlates with repetitive behaviour across autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
EP  - 2255
SN  - 0033-2917
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - 2247
JF  - Psychological Medicine
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718003136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashemi, M.M.
AU  - Gladwin, T.E.
AU  - Valk, N.M. de
AU  - Zhang, W.
AU  - Kaldewaij, R.
AU  - Ast, V.A. van
AU  - Koch, S.B.J.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201571
AB  - Real-life shooting decisions typically occur under acute threat and require fast switching between vigilant situational assessment and immediate fight-or-flight actions. Recent studies suggested that freezing facilitates action preparation and decision-making but the neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear. We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging, posturographic and autonomic measurements while participants performed a shooting task under threat of shock. Two independent studies, in unselected civilians (N = 22) and police recruits (N = 54), revealed that preparation for shooting decisions under threat is associated with postural freezing, bradycardia, midbrain activity (including the periaqueductal gray-PAG) and PAG-amygdala connectivity. Crucially, stronger activity in the midbrain/PAG during this preparatory stage of freezing predicted faster subsequent accurate shooting. Finally, the switch from preparation to active shooting was associated with tachycardia, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) activity and pgACC-amygdala connectivity. These findings suggest that threat-anticipatory midbrain activity centred around the PAG supports decision-making by facilitating action preparation and highlight the role of the pgACC when switching from preparation to action. These results translate animal models of the neural switch from freeze-to-action. In addition, they reveal a core neural circuit for shooting performance under threat and provide empirical evidence for the role of defensive reactions such as freezing in subsequent action decision-making.
TI  - Neural dynamics of shooting decisions and the switch from freeze to fight
SN  - 2045-2322
JF  - Scientific Reports
VL  - vol. 9
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40917-8
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/201571/201571.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Homberg, J.R.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/210191
AB  - The folder 'human' contains data from experiment 1; preprocessed (unidentified human) fMRI data, models, analyses scripts, heart rate data and result files. The folder 'rodent' contains the data from experiment 2; microscopy data, heart rate data, behavioral data and result files. The folder 'mediation analyses' contains the scripts and files necessary to run the mediation analyses as depicted in Figure 5 of the manuscript.
PB  - Radboud Data Repository
TI  - 5-HTT MODULATION OF FEAR BRADYCARDIA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, H.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Roozendaal, B.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/202297
TI  - Toward Understanding Developmental Disruption of Default Mode Network Connectivity Due to Early Life Stress
EP  - 7
SN  - 2451-9022
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 5
JF  - Biological Psychiatry : Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okuma, Y.
AU  - Silva de Lima, A.L.
AU  - Fukae, J
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/183755
TI  - A prospective study of falls in relation to freezing of gait and response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
EP  - 35
SN  - 1353-8020
SP  - 30
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 46
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkerldis.2017.10.013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourguignon, N.J.
AU  - Braem, S.
AU  - Hartstra, E.
AU  - Houwer, J. de
AU  - Brass, M.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/192606
AB  - Verbal instructions are central to humans' capacity to learn new behaviors with minimal training, but the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in verbally instructed behaviors remain puzzling. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence suggests that the right middle frontal gyrus and dorsal premotor cortex (rMFG-dPMC) supports the translation of symbolic stimulus–response mappings into sensorimotor representations. Here, we set out to (1) replicate this finding, (2) investigate whether this region's involvement is specific to novel (vs. trained) instructions, and (3) study whether the rMFG-dPMC also shows differences in its (voxel) pattern response indicative of general cognitive processes of instruction implementation. Participants were shown instructions, which they either had to perform later or merely memorize. Orthogonal to this manipulation, the instructions were either entirely novel or had been trained before the fMRI session. Results replicate higher rMFG-dPMC activation levels during instruction implementation versus memorization and show how this difference is restricted to novel, but not trained, instruction presentations. Pattern similarity analyses at the voxel level further reveal more consistent neural pattern responses in the rMFG-dPMC during the implementation of novel versus trained instructions. In fact, this more consistent neural pattern response seemed to be specific to the first instruction presentation and disappeared after the instruction had been applied once. These results further support a role of the rMFG-dPMC in the implementation of novel task instructions and highlight potentially important differences in studying this region's gross activation levels versus (the consistency of) its response patterns.
TI  - Encoding of novel verbal instructions for prospective action in the lateral prefrontal cortex: Evidence from univariate and multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis
EP  - 1184
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1170
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01270
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunsmoor, J.E.
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Moscatelli, Caroline M.
AU  - Evans, M.
AU  - Davachi, L.
AU  - Phelps, E.A.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/193030
TI  - Event segmentation protects emotional memories from competing experiences encoded close in time
EP  - 299
SN  - 2397-3374
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 291
JF  - Nature Human Behaviour
VL  - vol. 2
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0317-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alebeek, M.E. van
AU  - Heus, R. de
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/191188
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ischemic stroke during pregnancy or the puerperium is a devastating disease during a crucial period in life and warrants a specific approach. To date, current practice is mainly based on expert opinion because of a lack of randomized controlled trials and high-quality observational studies. The present review is intended as a practical guide to (acute) management of ischemic stroke during pregnancy and puerperium. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings showed that the incidence of stroke during pregnancy is rising. In 2014, the first guideline for the prevention of stroke in women was released, however on many (pregnancy) related topics the evidence was too scarce to make clear evidence-based recommendations. SUMMARY: The risk of ischemic stroke is elevated especially from the third trimester until 6 weeks postpartum. MRI is the most accurate and well tolerated diagnostic option but low-dose CT-head is a valid alternative. Reperfusion therapies should not be withheld from a pregnant woman with moderate-to-severe stroke when benefits outweigh the risk. Aspirin up to 150 mg daily is considered well tolerated during pregnancy and lactation period. Multidisciplinary care is essential when counseling these women in the acute and later stages.
TI  - Pregnancy and ischemic stroke: a practical guide to management
EP  - 51
SN  - 1350-7540
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 44
JF  - Current Opinion in Neurology
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000522
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Telgte, A. ter
AU  - Leijsen, E.M.C. van
AU  - Wiegertjes, K.
AU  - Klijn, C.J.M.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196576
AB  - Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is commonly observed on neuroimaging among elderly individuals and is recognized as a major vascular contributor to dementia, cognitive decline, gait impairment, mood disturbance and stroke. However, clinical symptoms are often highly inconsistent in nature and severity among patients with similar degrees of SVD on brain imaging. Here, we provide a new framework based on new advances in structural and functional neuroimaging that aims to explain the remarkable clinical variation in SVD. First, we discuss the heterogeneous pathology present in SVD lesions despite an identical appearance on imaging and the perilesional and remote effects of these lesions. We review effects of SVD on structural and functional connectivity in the brain, and we discuss how network disruption by SVD can lead to clinical deficits. We address reserve and compensatory mechanisms in SVD and discuss the part played by other age-related pathologies. Finally, we conclude that SVD should be considered a global rather than a focal disease, as the classically recognized focal lesions affect remote brain structures and structural and functional network connections. The large variability in clinical symptoms among patients with SVD can probably be understood by taking into account the heterogeneity of SVD lesions, the effects of SVD beyond the focal lesions, the contribution of neurodegenerative pathologies other than SVD, and the interaction with reserve mechanisms and compensatory mechanisms.
TI  - Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective
EP  - 398
SN  - 1759-4758
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 387
JF  - Nature Reviews. Neurology
VL  - vol. 14
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0014-y
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duering, M.
AU  - Konieczny, Marek J.
AU  - Tiedt, Steffen
AU  - Baykara, E.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leijsen, E.M.C. van
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Peters, N.C.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/193410
TI  - Serum neurofilament light chain levels are related to small vessel disease burden
EP  - 238
SN  - 2287-6391
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 228
JF  - Journal of Stroke
VL  - vol. 20
DO  - https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2017.02565
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, A.G.
AU  - Schriefers, H.J.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/191685
AB  - Reinstatement of memory-related neural activity measured with high temporal precision potentially provides a useful index for real-time monitoring of the timing of activation of memory content during cognitive processing. The utility of such an index extends to any situation where one is interested in the (relative) timing of activation of different sources of information in memory, a paradigm case of which is tracking lexical activation during language processing. Essential for this approach is that memory reinstatement effects are robust, so that their absence (in the average) definitively indicates that no lexical activation is present. We used electroencephalography to test the robustness of a reported subsequent memory finding involving reinstatement of frequency-specific entrained oscillatory brain activity during subsequent recognition. Participants learned lists of words presented on a background flickering at either 6 or 15 Hz to entrain a steady-state brain response. Target words subsequently presented on a non-flickering background that were correctly identified as previously seen exhibited reinstatement effects at both entrainment frequencies. Reliability of these statistical inferences was however critically dependent on the approach used for multiple comparisons correction. We conclude that effects are not robust enough to be used as a reliable index of lexical activation during language processing.
TI  - Assessing the utility of frequency tagging for tracking memory-based reactivation of word representations
SN  - 2045-2322
JF  - Scientific Reports
VL  - vol. 8
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26091-3
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/191685/191685.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Y.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Li, H.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/182342
AB  - Stress-related disorders, e.g., anxiety and depression, are characterized by decreased top-down control for distracting information, as well as a memory bias for threatening information. However, it is unclear how acute stress biases mnemonic encoding and leads to prioritized storage of threat-related information even if outside the focus of attention. In the current study, healthy adults (N = 53, all male) were randomly assigned to stress induction using the socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT) or a control condition. Participants performed a task in which they were required to identify a target letter within a string of letters that were either identical to the target and thereby facilitating detection (low distractor load) or mixed with other letters to complicate the search (high load). Either a fearful or neutral face was presented on the background, outside the focus of attention. Twenty-four hours later, participants were asked to perform a surprise recognition memory test for those background faces. Stress induction resulted in increased cortisol and negative subjective mood ratings. Stress did not affect visual search performance, however, participants in the stress group showed stronger memory compared to the control group for fearful faces in the low attentional load condition. Critically, the stress induced memory bias was accompanied by decoupling between amygdala and DLFPC during encoding, which may represent a mechanism for decreased ability to filter task-irrelevant threatening background information. The current study provides a potential neural account for how stress can produce a negative memory bias for threatening information even if presented outside the focus of attention. Despite of an adaptive advantage for survival, such tendencies may ultimately also lead to generalized fear, a possibility requiring additional investigation.
TI  - How acute stress may enhance subsequent memory for threat stimuli outside the focus of attention: DLPFC-amygdala decoupling
EP  - 322
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 311
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 171
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leeuwen, J. van
AU  - Vink, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Joels, M.
AU  - Kahn, R.S.
AU  - Vinkers, C.H.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/194383
TI  - At-risk individuals display altered brain activity following stress
EP  - 1960
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1954
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 43
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0026-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Paepe, A.E.
AU  - Sierpowska, J.M.
AU  - Garcia-Gorro, C.G.
AU  - Martinez-Horta, S.
AU  - Perez-Perez, J.
AU  - Kulisevsky, J.
AU  - Rodriguez-Dechicha, N.
AU  - Vaquer, I.
AU  - Subira, S.
AU  - Calopa, M.
AU  - Munoz, E.
AU  - Santacruz, P.
AU  - Ruiz-Idiago, J.
AU  - Mareca, C.
AU  - De Diego-Balaguer, R.
AU  - Camara, E.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196475
TI  - Disentangling apathy subtypes in Huntington's disease: A white matter biomarker of disease profile and progression
EP  - A56
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. Suppl. 1
SP  - A55
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 89
PS  - 2 p.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rohenkohl, Gustavo
AU  - Bosman Vittini, C.A.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198575
TI  - Gamma Synchronization between V1 and V4 Improves Behavioral Performance
EP  - 963.e3
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 953
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 100
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spyropoulos, G.
AU  - Bosman Vittini, C.A.
AU  - Fries, Pascal
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/192463
TI  - A theta rhythm in macaque visual cortex and its attentional modulation
EP  - E5623
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 24
SP  - E5614
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 115
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719433115
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hömke, P.
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198742
AB  - In face-to-face communication, recurring intervals of mutual gaze allow listeners to provide speakers with visual feedback (e.g. nodding). Here, we investigate the potential feedback function of one of the subtlest of human movements - eye blinking. While blinking tends to be subliminal, the significance of mutual gaze in human interaction raises the question whether the interruption of mutual gaze through blinking may also be communicative. To answer this question, we developed a novel, virtual reality-based experimental paradigm, which enabled us to selectively manipulate blinking in a virtual listener, creating small differences in blink duration resulting in 'short' (208 ms) and 'long' (607 ms) blinks. We found that speakers unconsciously took into account the subtle differences in listeners' blink duration, producing substantially shorter answers in response to long listener blinks. Our findings suggest that, in addition to physiological, perceptual and cognitive functions, listener blinks are also perceived as communicative signals, directly influencing speakers' communicative behavior in face-to-face communication. More generally, these findings may be interpreted as shedding new light on the evolutionary origins of mental-state signaling, which is a crucial ingredient for achieving mutual understanding in everyday social interaction.
TI  - Eye blinks are perceived as communicative signals in human face-to-face interaction
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 12
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 13
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208030
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/198742/198742.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/179224
AB  - The home of human language use is face-to-face interaction, a context in which communicative exchanges are characterised not only by bodily signals accompanying what is being said but also by a pattern of alternating turns at talk. This transition between turns is astonishingly fast - typically a mere 200-ms elapse between a current and a next speaker's contribution - meaning that comprehending, producing, and coordinating conversational contributions in time is a significant challenge. This begs the question of whether the additional information carried by bodily signals facilitates or hinders language processing in this time-pressured environment. We present analyses of multimodal conversations revealing that bodily signals appear to profoundly influence language processing in interaction: Questions accompanied by gestures lead to shorter turn transition times - that is, to faster responses - than questions without gestures, and responses come earlier when gestures end before compared to after the question turn has ended. These findings hold even after taking into account prosodic patterns and other visual signals, such as gaze. The empirical findings presented here provide a first glimpse of the role of the body in the psycholinguistic processes underpinning human communication.
TI  - Processing language in face-to-face conversation : questions with gestures get faster responses
EP  - 1908
SN  - 1069-9384
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1900
JF  - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
VL  - vol. 25
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1363-z
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/179224/179224.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Shumskaya, A.N.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198260
TI  - Cortical volume and sex influence visual gamma
EP  - 712
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 702
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 178
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heil, L.
AU  - Kwisthout, J.H.P.
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Rooij, I.J.E.I. van
AU  - Bekkering, H.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198370
AB  - Evidence is accumulating that our brains process incoming information using top-down predictions. If lower level representations are correctly predicted by higher level representations, this enhances processing. However, if they are incorrectly predicted, additional processing is required at higher levels to "explain away" prediction errors. Here, we explored the potential nature of the models generating such predictions. More specifically, we investigated whether a predictive processing model with a hierarchical structure and causal relations between its levels is able to account for the processing of agent-caused events. In Experiment 1, participants watched animated movies of "experienced" and "novice" bowlers. The results are in line with the idea that prediction errors at a lower level of the hierarchy (i.e., the outcome of how many pins fell down) slow down reporting of information at a higher level (i.e., which agent was throwing the ball). Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that this effect is specific to situations in which the predictor is causally related to the outcome. Overall, the study supports the idea that a hierarchical predictive processing model can account for the processing of observed action outcomes and that the predictions involved are specific to cases where action outcomes can be predicted based on causal knowledge.
TI  - One wouldn't expect an expert bowler to hit only two pins: Hierarchical predictive processing of agent-caused events
EP  - 2654
SN  - 1747-0218
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2643
JF  - The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
VL  - vol. 71
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021817752102
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/198370/198370.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaag, A.M.
AU  - Reneman, L.
AU  - Homberg, J.R.
AU  - Brink, W. van den
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/189881
TI  - Enhanced Amygdala-Striatal Functional Connectivity during the Processing of Cocaine Cues in Male Cocaine Users with a History of Childhood Trauma
SN  - 1664-0640
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 9
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00070
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/189881/189881.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190203
AB  - The cortical visual system is composed of many areas serving various visual functions. In non-human primates, these are broadly organised into two distinct processing pathways: a ventral pathway for object recognition, and a dorsal pathway for action. In humans, recent theoretical proposals suggest the possible existence of additional pathways, but direct empirical evidence has yet to be presented. Here, we estimated the connectivity patterns between 22 human visual areas using resting-state functional MRI data of 470 individuals, leveraging the unprecedented data quantity and quality of the Human Connectome Project and a novel probabilistic atlas. An objective, data-driven analysis into the topological organisation of connectivity and subsequent quantitative confirmation revealed a highly significant triple dissociation between the retinotopic areas on the dorsal, ventral and lateral surfaces of the human occipital lobe. This suggests that the functional organisation of the human visual system involves not two but three cortical pathways.
TI  - Objective analysis of the topological organization of the human cortical visual connectome suggests three visual pathways
EP  - 83
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 73
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 98
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bielczyk, N.Z.
AU  - Walocha, Fabian
AU  - Ebel, P.W.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Llera Arenas, A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Glennon, J.C.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190103
TI  - Thresholding functional connectomes by means of mixture modeling
EP  - 414
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 402
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 171
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Niermann, H.C.M.
AU  - Figner, B.C.
AU  - Tyborowska, A.B.
AU  - Cillessen, A.H.N.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Figner, B.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/191444
AB  - Freezing behavior, a commonly observed defensive stress response, shows relatively high stability over time in animals. Given the relevance of freezing for stress-coping and human psychopathology, it is relevant to know whether freezing behavior is also stable in humans, particularly during adolescence, when most affective symptoms develop. In a prospective longitudinal study, we investigated freezing-like behavior in response to social threat in 75 adolescents at age 14, repeated 3 years later at age 17. We used a well-established method combining electrocardiography (ECG; heart rate) and posturography (body sway) in response to emotional picture-viewing of angry, happy, and neutral faces. We hypothesized that individual differences in freezing-like behavior in response to social threat - operationalized by contrasting angry vs. neutral faces - would be relatively stable over time. Our results indeed showed relative stability between ages 14 and 17 in individual differences in freezing-like behavior in heart rate (r = 0.82), as well as in combined heart rate and body sway measures (r = 0.65). These effects were not specific for the angry vs. neutral contrast; they were also visible in other emotion contrasts. Exploratory analysis in males and females separately showed stability in body sway specifically for angry vs. neutral faces only in females. Together, these results suggest moderate to strong stability in human freezing-like behavior in response to social threat from mid to late adolescence (with exception for the body sway measure in males). This relative stability was not specific for threat-induction and may reflect a general stability that is particularly strong for heart rate. The fact that this relative stability was found over a relatively long time range of 3 years is promising for studies aiming to use freezing-like behavior as a marker for internalizing symptoms in adolescent development.
TI  - Investigation of the stability of human freezing-like responses to social threat from mid to late adolescence
SN  - 1662-5153
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 12
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00097
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/191444/191444pub.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lojowska, M.
AU  - Ling, S.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Hermans, E.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/192368
AB  - An adaptive response to threat requires optimized detection of critical sensory cues. This optimization is thought to be aided by freezing - an evolutionarily preserved defensive state of immobility characterized by parasympathetically mediated fear bradycardia and regulated by the amygdala-periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit. Behavioral observations in humans and animals have suggested that freezing is also a state of enhanced visual sensitivity, particularly for coarse visual information, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. We induced a freezing-like state in healthy volunteers using threat of electrical shock and measured threat-related changes in both stimulus-independent (baseline) and stimulus-evoked visuocortical activity to low-vs. high-spatial frequency gratings, using functional MRI. As measuring immobility is not feasible in MRI environments, we used fear bradycardia and amygdala-PAG coupling in inferring a freezing-like state. An independent functional localizer and retinotopic mapping were used to assess the retinotopic specificity of visuocortical modulations. We found a threat-induced increase in baseline (stimulus-independent) visuocortical activity that was retinotopically nonspecific, which was accompanied by increased connectivity with the amygdala. A positive correlation between visuocortical activity and fear bradycardia (while controlling for sympathetic activation), and a concomitant increase in amygdala-PAG connectivity, confirmed the specificity of these findings for the parasympathetically dominated freezing-like state. Visuocortical responses to gratings were retinotopically specific, but did not differ between threat and safe conditions across participants. However, individuals who exhibited better discrimination of low-spatial frequency stimuli showed reduced stimulus-evoked V1 responses under threat. Our findings suggest that a defensive state of freezing involves an integration of preparatory defensive and perceptual changes which may be regulated by a common mechanism involving the amygdala.
TI  - Visuocortical changes during a freezing-like state in humans
EP  - 325
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 313
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 179
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ekker, M.S.
AU  - Boot, E.M.
AU  - Singhal, A.B.
AU  - Tan, K.S.
AU  - Debette, S.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196605
AB  - Epidemiological evidence suggests that the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults (18-50 years) has increased substantially. These patients have a long life expectancy after stroke, and the costs of long-term care pose huge challenges to health-care systems. Although the current recommendations for treatment of young and old (>50 years) patients with stroke are similar, the optimal management of young adult patients with stroke is unknown. They are usually not included in trials, and specific subanalyses limited to young adult patients with stroke are usually not done, owing to lower incidence of stroke and lower prevalence of vascular risk factors in young adults. Progress has been made in identifying patients with a considerable risk of stroke occurrence, such as those with patent foramen ovale. Future prevention studies might result in a decrease in the incidence of stroke and its sequelae in young adults. The development of guidelines specifically devoted to the management of stroke in young adults will be an important step in achieving this aim.
TI  - Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults
EP  - 801
SN  - 1474-4422
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 790
JF  - Lancet Neurology
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duering, M.
AU  - Finsterwalder, Sofia
AU  - Baykara, E.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Gesierich, B.
AU  - Konieczny, Marek J.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Pasternak, Ofer
AU  - Dichgans, M.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/192607
TI  - Free water determines diffusion alterations and clinical status in cerebral small vessel disease
EP  - 774
SN  - 1552-5260
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 764
JF  - Alzheimer's & Dementia
VL  - vol. 14
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.12.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Klaassen, F.H.
AU  - Bokeria, L.
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/197164
AB  - Attention can be involuntarily captured by physically salient stimuli, a phenomenon known as bottom-up attention. Typically, these salient stimuli occur unpredictably in time and space. Therefore, in a series of three behavioural experiments, we investigated the extent to which such bottom-up attentional capture is a function of one's prior expectations. In the context of an exogenous cueing task, we systematically manipulated participants' spatial (Experiment 1) or temporal (Experiments 2 and 3) expectations about an uninformative cue and examined the amount of attentional capture by the cue. We anticipated larger attentional capture for unexpected compared to expected cues. However, while we observed attentional capture, we did not find any evidence for a modulation of attentional capture by prior expectation. This suggests that bottom-up attentional capture does not appear modulated by the degree to which the cue is expected or surprising.
TI  - Cue predictability does not modulate bottom-up attentional capture
SN  - 2054-5703
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - Royal Society Open Science
VL  - vol. 5
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180524
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/197164/197164.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Klaassen, F.H.
AU  - Bokeria, Levan
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/203791
AB  - Attention can be involuntarily captured by physically salient stimuli, a phenomenon known as bottom-up attention. Typically, these salient stimuli occur unpredictably in time and space. Therefore, in a series of three behavioral experiments, we investigated the extent to which such bottom-up attentional capture is a function of one’s prior expectations. In the context of an exogenous cueing task, we systematically manipulated participants’ spatial (Experiment 1) or temporal (Experiment 2 and 3) expectations about an uninformative cue, and examined the amount of attentional capture by the cue. We anticipated larger attentional capture for unexpected compared to expected cues. However, while we observed robust attentional capture, we did not find any evidence for a modulation of attentional capture by prior expectation. This suggests that bottom-up attentional capture does not appear modulated by the degree to which the cue is expected or surprising.
PB  - Radboud Data Repository
TI  - Cue predictability does not modulate bottom-up attentional capture
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Utzerath, C.
AU  - Schmits, I.C.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/203785
AB  - Recent theoretical frameworks have hypothesized that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be marked by an altered balance between sensory inputs and prior knowledge-the so-called hypoprior hypothesis. Yet evidence regarding such an altered balance is mixed. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis within the domain of visual perception, by examining how neural activity in the visual system was modulated by stimulus repetition and stimulus expectation in healthy and ASD participants. We presented 22 adolescents with ASD and 22 typically developing (TD) adolescents with pairs of object stimuli, while measuring brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimulus pairs could be stimulus repetitions or not and could be expected or not. We examined neural activity in early (V1) and object-selective (LOC) visual cortex. Both ASD and TD individuals showed robust and equal repetition suppression in LOC. By contrast, ASD and TD groups showed a different response to expected versus unexpected stimuli, specifically in V1. Thereby, our results suggest that while the more automatic modulation of activity by repetition is unaffected in ASD, there is some evidence that the balance between sensory evidence and prior knowledge may indeed be altered in early visual cortex of ASD.
PB  - Radboud Data Repository
TI  - Adolescents with autism show typical fMRI repetition suppression, but atypical surprise response.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elshout, J.A.
AU  - Berg, A.V. van den
AU  - Haak, K.V.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198073
AB  - Abstract Humans can recognize a scene in the blink of an eye. This gist-based visual scene perception is thought to be underpinned by specialized visual processing emphasizing the visual periphery at a cortical locus relatively low in the visual processing hierarchy. Using wide-field retinotopic mapping and population receptive field (pRF) modeling, we identified a new visual hemifield map anterior of area V2d and inferior to area V6, which we propose to call area V2A. Based on its location relative to other visual areas, V2A may correspond to area 23V described in nonhuman primates. The pRF analysis revealed unique receptive field properties for V2A: a large (FWHM ∼23°) and constant receptive field size across the central ∼70° of the visual field. Resting-state fMRI connectivity analysis further suggests that V2A is ideally suited to quickly feed the scene-processing network with information that is not biased towards the center of the visual field. Our findings not only indicate a likely cortical locus for the initial stages of gist-based visual scene perception, but also suggest a reappraisal of the organization of human dorsomedial occipital cortex with a strip of separate hemifield representations anterior to the early visual areas (V1, V2d, and V3d).
TI  - Human V2A: A map of the peripheral visual hemifield with functional connections to scene-selective cortex
SN  - 1534-7362
IS  - iss. 9
JF  - Journal of Vision
VL  - vol. 18
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1167/18.9.22
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/198073/198073.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elshout, J.A.
AU  - Bergsma, D.P.
AU  - Sibbel, Jacqueline
AU  - Baars-Elsinga, Annette
AU  - Lubbers, Paula
AU  - Asten, F. van
AU  - Visser-Meily, Johanna
AU  - Berg, A.V. van den
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/183930
TI  - Improvement in activities of daily living after visual training in patients with homonymous visual field defects using Goal Attainment Scaling
EP  - 12
SN  - 0922-6028
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 36
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-170719
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aaboud, M.
AU  - Aad, G.
AU  - Abbott, B.
AU  - Abdinov, O.
AU  - Abeloos, B.
AU  - Abidi, S.H.
AU  - Alderweireldt, S.C.
AU  - Bauer, F.
AU  - Caron, S.
AU  - Colasurdo, L.
AU  - Groot, N. de
AU  - Fabiani, V.
AU  - Filthaut, F.
AU  - Galea, C.
AU  - Konig, A.C.
AU  - Nektarijevic, S.
AU  - Schouwenberg, J.F.P.
AU  - Young, C.B.
AU  - Nedden, M. Zur
AU  - Zwalinski, L.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/184192
TI  - Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
TI  - Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
EP  - 36
SN  - 1434-6044
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - European Physical Journal C
VL  - vol. 78
PS  - 36 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5486-1
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/184192/184192.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stallen, M.
AU  - Rossi, F.
AU  - Heijne, A.
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Dreu, C.K.W. de
AU  - Sanfey, A.G.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190101
AB  - People are particularly sensitive to injustice. Accordingly, deeper knowledge regarding the processes that underlie the perception of injustice, and the subsequent decisions to either punish transgressors or compensate victims, is of important social value. By combining a novel decision-making paradigm with functional neuroimaging, we identified specific brain networks that are involved with both the perception of, and response to, social injustice, with reward-related regions preferentially involved in punishment compared with compensation. Developing a computational model of punishment allowed for disentangling the neural mechanisms and psychological motives underlying decisions of whether to punish and, subsequently, of how severely to punish. Results show that the neural mechanisms underlying punishment differ depending on whether one is directly affected by the injustice, or whether one is a third-party observer of a violation occurring to another. Specifically, the anterior insula was involved in decisions to punish following harm, whereas, in third-party scenarios, we found amygdala activity associated with punishment severity. Additionally, we used a pharmacological intervention using oxytocin, and found that oxytocin influenced participants' fairness expectations, and in particular enhanced the frequency of low punishments. Together, these results not only provide more insight into the fundamental brain mechanisms underlying punishment and compensation, but also illustrate the importance of taking an explorative, multimethod approach when unraveling the complex components of everyday decision-making.
TI  - Neurobiological mechanisms of responding to injustice
EP  - 2954
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2944
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1242-17.2018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/190101/190101.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Correa, Camile M.C.
AU  - Noorman, S.
AU  - Jiang, J.
AU  - Palminteri, Stefano
AU  - Cohen, M.X.
AU  - Lebreton, Mael
AU  - Gaal, Simon van
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/199023
TI  - How the Level of Reward Awareness Changes the Computational and Electrophysiological Signatures of Reinforcement Learning
EP  - 10348
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 48
SP  - 10338
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0457-18.2018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/199023/199023.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voogd, L.D. de
AU  - Kanen, J.W.
AU  - Neville, D.A.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/195926
AB  - Improving extinction learning is essential to optimize psychotherapy for persistent fear-related disorders. In two independent studies (both n=24), we found that goal-directed eye movements activate a dorsal fronto-parietal network and transiently deactivate the amygdala ([graphic1]=.17). Connectivity analyses revealed that this down-regulation potentially engages a ventromedial prefrontal pathway known to be involved in cognitive regulation of emotion. Critically, when eye movements followed memory reactivation during extinction learning, it reduced spontaneous fear recovery 24 hours later ([graphic2]=.21). Stronger amygdala deactivation furthermore predicted a stronger reduction in subsequent fear recovery after reinstatement (r=.39). In conclusion, we show that extinction learning can be improved with a non-invasive eye-movement intervention that triggers a transient suppression of the amygdala. Our finding that another task which taxes working memory leads to a similar amygdala suppression furthermore indicates that this effect is likely not specific to eye movements, which is in line with a large body of behavioral studies. This study contributes to the understanding of a widely used treatment for traumatic symptoms by providing a parsimonious account for how working memory tasks and goal-directed eye movements can enhance extinction-based psychotherapy, namely through neural circuits (e.g., amygdala deactivation) similar to those that support cognitive control of emotion.
TI  - Eye-movement intervention enhances extinction via amygdala deactivation
EP  - 8706
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 40
SP  - 8694
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0703-18.2018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/195926/195926.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Slagter, H.A.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Gaal, S. van
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190062
AB  - It is well known that top-down expectations affect perceptual processes. Yet, remarkably little is known about the relationship between expectations and conscious awareness. We address three crucial outstanding questions: (1) how do expectations affect the likelihood of conscious stimulus perception?; (2) does the brain register violations of expectations nonconsciously?; and (3) do expectations need to be conscious to influence perceptual decisions? Using human participants, we performed three experiments in which we manipulated stimulus predictability within the attentional blink paradigm, while combining visual psychophysics with electrophysiological recordings. We found that valid stimulus expectations increase the likelihood of conscious access of stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest a clear dissociation in the interaction between expectations and consciousness: conscious awareness seems crucial for the implementation of top–down expectations, but not for the generation of bottom-up stimulus-evoked prediction errors. These results constrain and update influential theories about the role of consciousness in the predictive brain
TI  - Dynamic interactions between top-down expectations and conscious awareness
EP  - 2327
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 2318
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1952-17.2017
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/190062/190062.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leijsen, E.M.C. van
AU  - Bergkamp, M.I.
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Ghafoorian, M.
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Platel, B.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, H.F. de
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/191933
TI  - Progression of White Matter Hyperintensities Preceded by Heterogeneous Decline of Microstructural Integrity
EP  - 1393
SN  - 0039-2499
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1386
JF  - Stroke
VL  - vol. 49
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020980
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ojala, Karita E.
AU  - Janssen, L.K.
AU  - Hashemi, M.M.
AU  - Timmer, M.H.M.
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Sescousse, G.T.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/191053
TI  - Dopaminergic Drug Effects on Probability Weighting during Risky Decision Making
SN  - 2373-2822
IS  - iss. 2
JF  - eNeuro
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0330-18.2018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/191053/191053.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Froböse, M.I.
AU  - Swart, J.C.
AU  - Cook, J.L.
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Ouden, H.E.M. den
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198509
AB  - The catecholamines have long been associated with cognitive control and value-based decision-making. More recently, we proposed that the catecholamines might modulate value-based decision-making about whether or not to engage in cognitive control. We test this hypothesis by assessing effects of a catecholamine challenge in a large sample of young, healthy adults (n = 100) on the avoidance of a cognitively demanding control process: task switching. Prolonging catecholamine transmission by blocking reuptake with methylphenidate altered the avoidance, but not the execution of cognitive control. Crucially, these effects could be isolated by taking into account individual differences in trait impulsivity, so that participants with higher trait impulsivity became more avoidant of cognitive control, despite faster task performance. One implication of these findings is that performance-enhancing effects of methylphenidate may be accompanied by an undermining effect on the willingness to exert cognitive control. Taken together, these findings integrate hitherto segregated literatures on catecholamines' roles in value-based learning/choice and cognitive control.
TI  - Catecholaminergic modulation of the avoidance of cognitive control
EP  - 1781
SN  - 0096-3445
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1763
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology - General
VL  - vol. 147
PS  - 19 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000523
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, A.
AU  - Zhang, W.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190244
AB  - Amygdala dysfunction plays a role in the social impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but it is unclear which of its subregions are abnormal in ASD. This study compared the volume and functional connectivity (FC) strength of three FC-defined amygdala subregions between ASD and controls, and assessed their relation to social skills in ASD. A subregion associated with the social perception network was enlarged in ASD (F1 = 7.842, p = .008) and its volume correlated significantly with symptom severity (social skills: r = .548, p = .009). Posthoc analysis revealed that the enlargement was driven by the vmPFC amygdala network. These findings refine our understanding of abnormal amygdala connectivity in ASD and may inform future strategies for therapeutic interventions targeting the amygdalofrontal pathway.
TI  - Connectivity-Based Parcellation of the Amygdala Predicts Social Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
EP  - 582
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 572
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 48
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3370-3
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/190244/190244.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deliran, S.S.
AU  - Sondag, L.
AU  - Leijten, Q.H.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Meijer, F.J.A.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196567
AB  - A 38-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of progressive headache and acute onset of left-sided hemiparesis. Neurological examination showed bradyphrenia and intermittent left hemiparesis. Brain neuroimaging revealed cavernous sinus thrombosis, subdural empyema, pathological vessel-wall enhancement of the right middle cerebral artery and ischaemia in the right striatum. Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis with secondary vasculitis and ischaemic stroke was diagnosed. Bacteraemia due to Streptococcus intermedius from a jaw infection was found and she received antibiotic treatment. At six-month follow-up, her symptoms had improved remarkably. Clinical signs such as progressive headache, which does not respond to analgesics, subtle cranial nerve palsy and increased infectious parameters should alert the clinician to conduct appropriate neuroimaging studies. Early initiation of effective antibiotic treatment in these cases is essential and can change the course of the illness and improve prognosis.
TI  - [Headache: consider cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis]
SN  - 0028-2162
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 162
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holstein, M.G.A. van
AU  - Froböse, M.I.
AU  - O'Shea, J.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190289
AB  - Motivational, cognitive and action goals are processed by distinct, topographically organized, corticostriatal circuits. We aimed to test whether processing in the striatum is under causal control by cortical regions in the human brain by investigating the effects of offline transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over distinct frontal regions associated with motivational, cognitive and action goal processing. Using a three-session counterbalanced within-subject crossover design, continuous theta burst stimulation was applied over the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or premotor cortex, immediately after which participants (N = 27) performed a paradigm assessing reward anticipation (motivation), task (cognitive) switching, and response (action) switching. Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the effects of stimulation on processing in distinct regions of the striatum. To account for non-specific effects, each session consisted of a baseline (no-TMS) and a stimulation (post-TMS) fMRI run. Stimulation of the aPFC tended to decrease reward-related processing in the caudate nucleus, while stimulation of the other sites was unsuccessful. A follow-up analysis revealed that aPFC stimulation also decreased processing in the putamen as a function of the interaction between all factors (reward, cognition and action), suggesting stimulation modulated the transfer of motivational information to cortico-striatal circuitry associated with action control.
TI  - Controlling striatal function via anterior frontal cortex stimulation
SN  - 2045-2322
JF  - Scientific Reports
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21346-5
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/190289/190289.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, W.
AU  - Ast, V.A. van
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Hermans, E.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/183959
AB  - Memory recall is facilitated when retrieval occurs in the original encoding context. This context dependency effect likely results from the automatic binding of central elements of an experience with contextual features (i.e., memory "contextualization") during encoding. However, despite a vast body of research investigating the neural correlates of explicit associative memory, the neural interactions during encoding that predict implicit context-dependent memory remain unknown. Twenty-six participants underwent fMRI during encoding of salient stimuli (faces), which were overlaid onto unique background images (contexts). To index subsequent context-dependent memory, face recognition was tested either in intact or rearranged contexts, after scanning. Enhanced face recognition in congruent relative to incongruent contexts evidenced successful memory contextualization. Overall subsequent memory effects (brain activity predicting whether items were later remembered vs. forgotten) were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right amygdala. Effective connectivity analyses showed that stronger context-dependent memory was associated with stronger coupling of the left IFG with face- and place-responsive areas, both within and between participants. Our findings indicate an important role for the IFG in integrating information across widespread regions involved in the representation of salient items and contextual features.
TI  - Memory contextualization: The role of prefrontal cortex in functional integration across item and context representational regions
EP  - 593
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 579
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01218
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/183959/183959pub.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voogd, L.D. de
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Phelps, E.A.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/198082
AB  - Here we propose a neural framework for understanding the cognitive regulation of emotion which can serve as a heuristic framework for guiding hypotheses to improve treatment of fear-related disorders. We discuss evidence showing that cognitively demanding tasks induce a reorganization between large-scale networks. Specifically, they reduce activation in the amygdala, a key structure of the salience/defensive survival network. The notion that increasing cognitive demand may benefit treatment of fear-related disorders provides a mechanistic account of already existing techniques, such as Tetris, EMDR, and cognitive reappraisal. Future research should reveal whether systematically increasing cognitive demand leads to a stronger reorganization between the central-executive control network and the salience/defensive survival network and thereby a reduction in fear and anxiety-related symptoms.
TI  - Regulating defensive survival circuits through cognitive demand via large-scale network reorganization
EP  - 129
SN  - 2352-1546
SP  - 124
JF  - Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.08.009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xie, M.
AU  - Chukharkin, M.L.
AU  - Kalabukhov, A.
AU  - Riaz, B.
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
AU  - Hamalainen, M.
AU  - Jousmaki, V.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Winkler, D.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/181366
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We present a benchmarking protocol for quantitatively comparing emerging on-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensor technologies to their counterparts in state-of-the-art MEG systems. METHODS: As a means of validation, we compare a high-critical-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (high Tc SQUID) with the low- Tc SQUIDs of an Elekta Neuromag TRIUX system in MEG recordings of auditory and somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) on one human subject. RESULTS: We measure the expected signal gain for the auditory-evoked fields (deeper sources) and notice some unfamiliar features in the on-scalp sensor-based recordings of SEFs (shallower sources). CONCLUSION: The experimental results serve as a proof of principle for the benchmarking protocol. This approach is straightforward, general to various on-scalp MEG sensors, and convenient to use on human subjects. The unexpected features in the SEFs suggest on-scalp MEG sensors may reveal information about neuromagnetic sources that is otherwise difficult to extract from state-of-the-art MEG recordings. SIGNIFICANCE: As the first systematically established on-scalp MEG benchmarking protocol, magnetic sensor developers can employ this method to prove the utility of their technology in MEG recordings. Further exploration of the SEFs with on-scalp MEG sensors may reveal unique information about their sources.
TI  - Benchmarking for On-Scalp MEG Sensors
EP  - 1276
SN  - 0018-9294
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1270
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
VL  - vol. 64
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2016.2599177
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ly, V.
AU  - Roijendijk, Linsey
AU  - Hazebroek, Hans
AU  - Tonnaer, Clemon
AU  - Hagenaars, M.A.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/189912
TI  - Incident experience predicts freezing-like responses in firefighters
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 12
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186648
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/189912/189912.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/170390
TI  - Increased Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Young Cancer Survivors: The Downside of Surviving Cancer
EP  - 1213
SN  - 0009-7322
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - 1211
JF  - Circulation
VL  - vol. 135
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027329
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ly, V.
AU  - Bottelier, M.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Rommelse, N.N.J.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/181902
AB  - Nutrition plays an important role in neurodevelopment. This insight has led to increasing research into the efficacy of nutrition-related interventions for treating neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses an elimination diet as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, with a focus on the efficacy of the food additives exclusion diet, gluten-free/casein-free diet and oligoantigenic diet. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms of elimination diets' effects in these neurodevelopmental disorders. The main candidate mechanism is the microbiome-gut-brain axis possibly involving complex interactions between multiple systems, including the metabolic, immune, endocrine, and neural system. We conclude with practical implications and future directions into the investigation of an elimination diet's efficacy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
TI  - Elimination diets' efficacy and mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
EP  - 1079
SN  - 1018-8827
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1067
JF  - European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0959-1
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/181902/181902.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leijsen, E.M.C. van
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/175963
AB  - Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is considered the most important vascular contributor to the development of dementia. Comprehensive characterization of the time course of disease progression will result in better understanding of aetiology and clinical consequences of SVD. SVD progression has been studied extensively over the years, usually describing change in SVD markers over time using neuroimaging at two time points. As a consequence, SVD is usually seen as a rather linear, continuously progressive process. This assumption of continuous progression of SVD markers was recently challenged by several studies that showed regression of SVD markers. Here, we provide a review on disease progression in sporadic SVD, thereby taking into account both progression and regression of SVD markers with emphasis on white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes and microbleeds. We will elaborate on temporal dynamics of SVD progression and discuss the view of SVD progression as a dynamic process, rather than the traditional view of SVD as a continuous progressive process, that might better fit evidence from longitudinal neuroimaging studies. We will discuss possible mechanisms and clinical implications of a dynamic time course of SVD, with both progression and regression of SVD markers.
TI  - Disease progression and regression in sporadic small vessel disease-insights from neuroimaging
EP  - 1206
SN  - 0143-5221
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1191
JF  - Clinical Science
VL  - vol. 131
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160384
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uddén, J.U.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169384
AB  - Non-adjacent dependencies are challenging for the language learning machinery and are acquired later than adjacent dependencies. In this transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study, we show that participants successfully discriminated between grammatical and non-grammatical sequences after having implicitly acquired an artificial language with crossed non-adjacent dependencies. Subsequent to transcranial magnetic stimulation of Broca's region, discrimination was impaired compared to when a language-irrelevant control region (vertex) was stimulated. These results support the view that Broca's region is engaged in structured sequence processing and extend previous functional neuroimaging results on artificial grammar learning (AGL) in two directions: first, the results establish that Broca's region is a causal component in the processing of non-adjacent dependencies, and second, they show that implicit processing of non-adjacent dependencies engages Broca's region. Since patients with lesions in Broca's region do not always show grammatical processing difficulties, the result that Broca's region is causally linked to processing of non-adjacent dependencies is a step towards clarification of the exact nature of syntactic deficits caused by lesions or perturbation to Broca's region. Our findings are consistent with previous results and support a role for Broca's region in general structured sequence processing, rather than a specific role for the processing of hierarchically organized sentence structure.
TI  - Broca's region: A causal role in implicit processing of grammars with crossed non-adjacent dependencies
EP  - 198
SN  - 0010-0277
SP  - 188
JF  - Cognition
VL  - vol. 164
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okkersen, K.
AU  - Monckton, D.G.
AU  - Le, N.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Raaphorst, J.
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/178196
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To systematically review brain imaging studies in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). METHODS: We searched Embase (index period 1974-2016) and MEDLINE (index period 1946-2016) for studies in patients with DM1 using MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), functional MRI (fMRI), CT, ultrasound, PET, or SPECT. From 81 studies, we extracted clinical characteristics, primary outcomes, clinical-genetic correlations, and information on potential risk of bias. Results were summarized and pooled prevalence of imaging abnormalities was calculated, where possible. RESULTS: In DM1, various imaging changes are widely dispersed throughout the brain, with apparently little anatomical specificity. We found general atrophy and widespread gray matter volume reductions in all 4 cortical lobes, the basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The pooled prevalence of white matter hyperintensities is 70% (95% CI 64-77), compared with 6% (95% CI 3-12) in unaffected controls. DTI shows increased mean diffusivity in all 4 lobes and reduced fractional anisotropy in virtually all major association, projection, and commissural white matter tracts. Functional studies demonstrate reduced glucose uptake and cerebral perfusion in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, and abnormal fMRI connectivity patterns that correlate with personality traits. There is significant between-study heterogeneity in terms of imaging methods, which together with the established clinical variability of DM1 may explain divergent results. Longitudinal studies are remarkably scarce. CONCLUSIONS: DM1 brains show widespread white and gray matter involvement throughout the brain, which is supported by abnormal resting-state network, PET/SPECT, and MRS parameters. Longitudinal studies evaluating spatiotemporal imaging changes are essential.
TI  - Brain imaging in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A systematic review
EP  - 969
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 960
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 89
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004300
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Kanen, J.W.
AU  - Tambini, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Davachi, L.
AU  - Phelps, E.A.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/175083
AB  - After encoding, memories undergo a process of consolidation that determines long-term retention. For conditioned fear, animal models postulate that consolidation involves reactivations of neuronal assemblies supporting fear learning during postlearning "offline" periods. However, no human studies to date have investigated such processes, particularly in relation to long-term expression of fear. We tested 24 participants using functional MRI on 2 consecutive days in a fear conditioning paradigm involving 1 habituation block, 2 acquisition blocks, and 2 extinction blocks on day 1, and 2 re-extinction blocks on day 2. Conditioning blocks were preceded and followed by 4.5-min rest blocks. Strength of spontaneous recovery of fear on day 2 served as a measure of long-term expression of fear. Amygdala connectivity primarily with hippocampus increased progressively during postacquisition and postextinction rest on day 1. Intraregional multi-voxel correlation structures within amygdala and hippocampus sampled during a block of differential fear conditioning furthermore persisted after fear learning. Critically, both these main findings were stronger in participants who exhibited spontaneous recovery 24 h later. Our findings indicate that neural circuits activated during fear conditioning exhibit persistent postlearning activity that may be functionally relevant in promoting consolidation of the fear memory.
TI  - Persistence of Amygdala-Hippocampal Connectivity and Multi-Voxel Correlation Structures During Awake Rest After Fear Learning Predicts Long-Term Expression of Fear
EP  - 3041
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 3028
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 27
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw145
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voogd, L.D. de
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/161016
AB  - Declarative memories of stressful events are less prone to forgetting than mundane events. Animal research has demonstrated that such stress effects on consolidation of hippocampal-dependent memories require the amygdala. In humans, it has been shown that during learning, increased amygdala-hippocampal interactions are related to more efficient memory encoding. Animal models predict that following learning, amygdala-hippocampal interactions are instrumental to strengthening the consolidation of such declarative memories. Whether this is the case in humans is unknown and remains to be empirically verified. To test this, we analyzed data from a sample of 120 healthy male participants who performed an incidental encoding task and subsequently underwent resting-state functional MRI in a stressful and a neutral context. Stress was assessed by measures of salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective ratings. Memory was tested afterwards outside of the scanner. Our data show that memory was stronger in the stress context compared to the neutral context and that stress-induced cortisol responses were associated with this memory enhancement. Interestingly, amygdala-hippocampal connectivity during post-encoding awake rest regardless of context (stress or neutral) was associated with the enhanced memory performance under stress. Thus, our findings are in line with a role for intrinsic functional connectivity during rest between the amygdala and the hippocampus in the state effects of stress on strengthening memory.
TI  - Intrinsic functional connectivity between amygdala and hippocampus during rest predicts enhanced memory under stress
EP  - 202
SN  - 0306-4530
SP  - 192
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 75
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hömke, P.
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/179188
TI  - Eye blinking as addressee feedback in face-to-face conversation
EP  - 70
SN  - 0835-1813
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 54
JF  - Research on Language and Social Interaction
VL  - vol. 50
N1  - 3 februari 2017
PS  - 17 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2017.1262143
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Bergen, R.S. van
PY  - 2017
SN  - 9789462841185
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/175654
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Sensory Uncertainty and Response Variability in Human Visual Cortex
N1  - Radboud University, 8 september 2017
N1  - Promotor : Norris, D.G. 
Co-promotor : Jehee, J.F.M.
PS  - 173 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/175654/175654.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaag, A.M.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Caan, Matthan W. A.
AU  - Homberg, J.R.
AU  - Brink, W. van den
AU  - Reneman, L.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/189978
TI  - White matter alterations in cocaine users are negatively related to the number of additionally (ab)used substances
EP  - 1056
SN  - 1355-6215
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1048
JF  - Addiction Biology
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12375
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oort, J. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Mulders, P.C.R.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Schene, A.H.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/181920
TI  - How the brain connects in response to acute stress: A review at the human brain systems level.
EP  - 21797
SN  - 0149-7634
SP  - 281
JF  - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
VL  - vol. 83
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.015
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Marquand, A.F.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/193103
AB  - Brain regions are often topographically connected: nearby locations within one brain area connect with nearby locations in another area. Mapping these connection topographies, or ‘connectopies’ in short, is crucial for understanding how information is processed in the brain. Here, we propose principled, fully data-driven methods for mapping connectopies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired at rest by combining spectral embedding of voxel-wise connectivity ‘fingerprints’ with a novel approach to spatial statistical inference. We apply the approach in human primary motor and visual cortex, and show that it can trace biologically plausible, overlapping connectopies in individual subjects that follow these regions' somatotopic and retinotopic maps. As a generic mechanism to perform inference over connectopies, the new spatial statistics approach enables rigorous statistical testing of hypotheses regarding the fine-grained spatial profile of functional connectivity and whether that profile is different between subjects or between experimental conditions. The combined framework offers a fundamental alternative to existing approaches to investigating functional connectivity in the brain, from voxel- or seed-pair wise characterizations of functional association, towards a full, multivariate characterization of spatial topography.
TI  - Connectopic mapping with resting-state fMRI
EP  - 94
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. SI
SP  - 83
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 170
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.075
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/193103/193103.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, C.B.
AU  - Raz, G.
AU  - Everaerd, D.S.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Hendler, T.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169963
AB  - The ability to temporarily prioritize rapid and vigilant reactions over slower higher-order cognitive functions is essential for adaptive responding to threat. This reprioritization is believed to reflect shifts in resource allocation between large-scale brain networks that support these cognitive functions, including the salience and executive control networks. However, how changes in communication within and between such networks dynamically unfold as a function of threat-related arousal remains unknown. To address this issue, we collected functional MRI data and continuously assessed the heart rate from 120 healthy human adults as they viewed emotionally arousing and ecologically valid cinematographic material. We then developed an analysis method that tracks dynamic changes in large-scale network cohesion by quantifying the level of within-network and between-network interaction. We found a monotonically increasing relationship between heart rate, a physiological index of arousal, and within-network cohesion in the salience network, indicating that coordination of activity within the salience network dynamically tracks arousal. Strikingly, salience-executive control between-network cohesion peaked at moderate arousal. These findings indicate that at moderate arousal, which has been associated with optimal noradrenergic signaling, the salience network is optimally able to engage the executive control network to coordinate cognitive activity, but is unable to do so at tonically elevated noradrenergic levels associated with acute stress. Our findings extend neurophysiological models of the effects of stress-related neuromodulatory signaling at the cellular level to large-scale neural systems, and thereby explain shifts in cognitive functioning during acute stress, which may play an important role in the development and maintenance of stress-related mental disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: How does brain functioning change in arousing or stressful situations? Extant literature suggests that through global projections, arousal-related neuromodulatory changes can rapidly alter coordination of neural activity across brain-wide neural systems or large-scale networks. Since it is unknown how such processes unfold, we developed a method to dynamically track levels of within-network and between-network interaction. We applied this technique to human neuroimaging data acquired while participants watched realistic and emotionally arousing cinematographic material. Results demonstrate that cohesion within the salience network monotonically increases with arousal, while cohesion of this network with the executive control network peaks at moderate arousal. Our findings explain how cognitive performance shifts as a function of arousal, and provide new insights into vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology.
TI  - Dynamic Shifts in Large-Scale Brain Network Balance As a Function of Arousal
EP  - 290
SN  - 0022-510X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 281
JF  - Journal of the Neurological Sciences
VL  - vol. 37
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1759-16.2017
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Pasman, J.A.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/160416
AB  - Conversion disorder (CD) has traditionally been ascribed to psychologic factors such as trauma, stress, or emotional conflict. Although reference to the psychologic origin of CD has been removed from the criteria list in DSM-5, many theories still incorporate CD as originating from adverse events. This chapter provides a critical review of the literature on stressful life events in CD and discusses current cognitive and neurobiologic models linking psychologic stressors with conversion symptomatology. In addition, we propose a neurobiologic stress model integrating those cognitive models with neuroendocrine stress research and propose that stress and stress-induced changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function may result in cognitive alterations, that in turn contribute to experiencing conversion symptoms. Experimental studies indeed suggest that basal as well as stress-induced changes in HPA axis responding lead to alterations in attentional processing in CD. Although those changes are stronger in traumatized patients, similar patterns have been observed in patients who do not report a history of traumatic events. We conclude that, whereas adverse events may play an important role in many cases of CD, a substantial proportion of patients do not report a history of traumatization or recent stressful events. Studies integrating effects of stress on cognitive functioning in CD are scarce. We propose that, instead of focusing research on defining etiologic events in terms of symptom-eliciting events, future research should work towards an integrated mechanistic account, assessing alterations in cognitive and biologic stress systems in an integrated manner in patients with CD. Such an account may not only serve early symptom detection, it might also provide a starting point for better-targeted interventions.
TI  - Stress, childhood trauma, and cognitive functions in functional neurologic disorders
EP  - 155
SN  - 0072-9752
SP  - 139
JF  - Handbook of Clinical Neurology
VL  - vol. 139
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00013-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gong, X.
AU  - Sanfey, A.G.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/170245
AB  - Successful navigation of our complex social world requires the capability to recognize and judge the relative status of others. Hence, social comparison processes are of great importance in our interactions, informing us of our relative standing and in turn potentially motivating our behavior. However, so far few studies have examined in detail how social comparison can influence interpersonal decision-making. One aspect of social decision-making that is of particular importance is cooperative behavior, and identifying means of maintaining and promoting cooperation in the provision of public goods is of vital interest to society. Here, we manipulated social comparison by grading performance rankings on a reaction time task, and then measured cooperative decisions via a modified Public Goods Game (PGG). Findings revealed that individuals ranked highest tended to be more cooperative as compared to those who placed in the bottom rank. Interestingly, this effect was regardless of whether the comparison group members were the subsequent players in the PGG or not, and this effect was stronger in those with higher social orientation. In summary, the present research shows how different social comparison processes (assessed via social rankings) can operate in our daily interaction with others, demonstrating an important effect on cooperative behavior.
TI  - Social rank and social cooperation: Impact of social comparison processes on cooperative decision-making
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 4
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 12
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175472
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/170245/170245.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalisch, R.
AU  - Baker, D.G.
AU  - Basten, U.
AU  - Boks, M.P.M.
AU  - Bonanno, G.A.
AU  - Brummelman, E.
AU  - Chmitorz, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Fiebach, C.J.
AU  - Galatzer-Levy, I.R.
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Groppa, S.
AU  - Helmreich, I.
AU  - Hendler, T.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Jovanovic, T.
AU  - Kubiak, T.
AU  - Lieb, K.
AU  - Lutz, B.
AU  - Müller, M.B.
AU  - Murray, R.J.
AU  - Nievergelt, C.M.
AU  - Reif, A.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Rutten, B.P.F.
AU  - Sander, D.
AU  - Schick, A.
AU  - Tüscher, O.
AU  - Diest, I. van
AU  - Harmelen, A.L. van
AU  - Veer, I.M.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Vinkers, C.H.
AU  - Wager, T.D.
AU  - Walter, H.
AU  - Wessa, M.
AU  - Wibral, M.
AU  - Kleim, B.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/179627
AB  - Consistent failure over the past few decades to reduce the high prevalence of stress-related disorders has motivated a search for alternative research strategies. Resilience refers to the phenomenon of many people maintaining mental health despite exposure to psychological or physical adversity. Instead of aiming to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, resilience research focuses on protective mechanisms that shield people against the development of such disorders and tries to exploit its insights to improve treatment and, in particular, disease prevention. To fully harness the potential of resilience research, a critical appraisal of the current state of the art - in terms of basic concepts and key methods - is needed. We highlight challenges to resilience research and make concrete conceptual and methodological proposals to improve resilience research. Most importantly, we propose to focus research on the dynamic processes of successful adaptation to stressors in prospective longitudinal studies.
TI  - The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders
EP  - 790
SN  - 2397-3374
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 784
JF  - Nature Human Behaviour
VL  - vol. 1
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0200-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radke, S.
AU  - Volman, I.A.C.
AU  - Kokal, I.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Bruijn, E.R.A. de
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168417
AB  - Oxytocin reduces amygdala responses to threatening social stimuli in males and has been suggested to facilitate approach-related processing by either decreasing anxiety or intensifying salience. The current administration study tested whether oxytocin either reduces or enhances amygdala responses during threat approach in a placebo-controlled randomized, double-blind, between-subjects design with 52 healthy males undergoing fMRI during a social approach-avoidance task. Oxytocin decreased amygdala activation during threat approach and not during threat avoidance. This neural effect supports oxytocin’s social anxiolytic effects and provides a neuroendocrine mechanism promoting social approach. The findings may yield clinical implications for individuals suffering from dysregulations of social approach such as patients with anxiety disorders.
TI  - Oxytocin reduces amygdala responses during threat approach
EP  - 166
SN  - 0306-4530
SP  - 160
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 79
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.028
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boer, M. de
AU  - Kokal, I.
AU  - Blokpoel, M.
AU  - Liu, R.
AU  - Stolk, A.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Rooij, I.J.E.I. van
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/176222
AB  - Oxytocin is a neuropeptide known to influence how humans share material resources. Here we explore whether oxytocin influences how we share knowledge. We focus on two distinguishing features of human communication, namely the ability to select communicative signals that disambiguate the many-to-many mappings that exist between a signal's form and meaning, and adjustments of those signals to the presumed cognitive characteristics of the addressee ("audience design"). Fifty-five males participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled experiment involving the intranasal administration of oxytocin. The participants produced novel non-verbal communicative signals towards two different addressees, an adult or a child, in an experimentally-controlled live interactive setting. We found that oxytocin administration drives participants to generate signals of higher referential quality, i.e. signals that disambiguate more communicative problems; and to rapidly adjust those communicative signals to what the addressee understands. The combined effects of oxytocin on referential quality and audience design fit with the notion that oxytocin administration leads participants to explore more pervasively behaviors that can convey their intention, and diverse models of the addressees. These findings suggest that, besides affecting prosocial drive and salience of social cues, oxytocin influences how we share knowledge by promoting cognitive exploration.
TI  - Oxytocin modulates human communication by enhancing cognitive exploration
EP  - 72
SN  - 0306-4530
SP  - 64
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 86
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stallen, M.
AU  - Griffioen, N.
AU  - Sanfey, A.G.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/178405
AB  - People often show a tendency toward cooperation, even though it often is a costly decision. Why this occurs is a question that has long been a topic of fascination for researchers from many different fields. Societies often do better when their citizens cooperate with each other, and so an answer to this question not only helps us to understand ourselves, but also creates opportunities for improving our society. In this article, we discuss behavioral and brain imaging research that suggests there may be several different motivations as to why we tend to cooperate instead of behaving selfishly. A tiny hint: wanting to feel good, avoid punishment, and live up to others’ expectations have a lot to do with it!
TI  - Why are we not more selfish? What the study of brain and behavior can tell us
SN  - 2296-6846
JF  - Frontiers for Young Minds
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2017.00047
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/178405/178405.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/181371
AB  - The ability to monitor the success of cognitive processing is referred to as metacognition. Studies of metacognition typically probe post-decision judgments of confidence, showing that we can report on the success of wide range of cognitive processes. Much less is known about our ability to monitor and report on the degree of top-down attention, an ability of paramount importance in tasks requiring sustained attention. However, it has been repeatedly shown that the degree and locus of top-down attention modulates alpha (8-14Hz) power in sensory cortices. In this study we investigated whether self-reported ratings of attention are reflected by sensory alpha power, independent from confidence and task difficulty. Subjects performed a stair-cased tactile discrimination task requiring sustained somatosensory attention. Each discrimination response was followed by a rating of their attention at the moment of stimulation, or their confidence in the discrimination response. MEG was used to estimate trial-by-trial alpha power preceding stimulation. Staircasing of task-difficulty successfully equalized performance between conditions. Both attention and confidence ratings reflected subsequent discrimination performance. Task difficulty specifically influenced confidence ratings. As expected, specifically attention ratings, but not confidence ratings, correlated negatively with contralateral somatosensory alpha power preceding tactile stimuli. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the degree of attention can be subjectively experienced and reported accurately, independent from task difficulty and knowledge about task performance.
TI  - Metacognition of attention during tactile discrimination
EP  - 129
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 121
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 147
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uyl, T.E. den
AU  - Gladwin, T.E.
AU  - Rinck, M.
AU  - Lindenmeyer, J.
AU  - Wiers, R.W.H.J.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167153
AB  - Introduction: In two large clinical studies alcohol approach bias retraining, in which patients learn to avoid alcohol pictures (by pushing them with a joystick), has been found to be effective in reducing approach bias and increasing treatment outcome for alcohol patients. This form of training is called Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM). It is hypothesized that stimulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may improve this training. TDCS is a technique with which a small electrical current can be sent through the cortex, this is believed to influence neuronal polarization and increase plasticity; and thus can possibly enhance learning effects. Also, anodal tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been found to reduce craving for alcohol. Objectives: This study investigated whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) could enhance effects of CBM on craving, approach bias, and relapse. Materials & method: One hundred alcohol-dependent inpatients (91 used for analysis) were randomized into 3 experimental groups in a double-blind parallel design. The experimental group received 4 sessions of CBM while receiving 2 mA of anodal tDCS over the DLPFC. There were two control groups: One received sham stimulation during training and one received active stimulation at a different moment in time. Before and after the treatment sessions there was a pre and post assessment; outcome measurements were alcohol approach bias (Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) & Implicit Association Test (IAT)), craving (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and relapse. Results: Craving and approach bias scores decreased over time, but there were no significant interactions with experimental condition. There was an indication of a beneficial effect of tDCS on approach bias only early in the training, from the first to second session. There was no effect on abstinence duration after three months. However, relapse rates after one year were lower in the conditions that received active stimulation. Conclusion: The current study presents a novel combination of CBM and tDCS for treatment of alcohol dependence. No strong evidence for a specific enhancement effect of tDCS on CBM was found. However, tDCS irrespective of timing relative to CBM showed promising effects on treatment outcome.
TI  - A clinical trial evaluating the effects of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and alcohol approach bias retraining
J2  - P059 A clinical trial evaluating the effects of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and alcohol approach bias retraining
EP  - e35
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - e34
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 128
PS  - 2 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.184
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kohn, N.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/177113
AB  - Acute stress is associated with beneficial as well as detrimental effects on cognition in different individuals. However, it is not yet known how stress can have such opposing effects. Stroop-like tasks typically show this dissociation: stress diminishes speed, but improves accuracy. We investigated accuracy and speed during a stroop-like task of 120 healthy male subjects after an experimental stress induction or control condition in a randomized, counter-balanced cross-over design; we assessed brain-behavior associations and determined the influence of individual brain connectivity patterns on these associations, which may moderate the effect and help identify stress resilience factors. In the mean, stress was associated to increase in accuracy, but decrease in speed. Accuracy was associated to brain activation in a distributed set of brain regions overlapping with the executive control network (ECN) and speed to temporo-parietal activation. In line with a stress-related large-scale network reconfiguration, individuals showing an upregulation of the salience and down-regulation of the executive-control network under stress displayed increased speed, but decreased performance. In contrast, individuals who upregulate their ECN under stress show improved performance. Our results indicate that the individual large-scale brain network balance under acute stress moderates cognitive consequences of threat.
TI  - Cognitive benefit and cost of acute stress is differentially modulated by individual brain state
EP  - 1187
SN  - 1749-5016
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1179
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 12
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx043
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/177113/177113.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marquand, A.F.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/177138
AB  - Anatomical tracing studies in non-human primates have suggested that corticostriatal connectivity is topographically organized: nearby locations in striatum are connected with nearby locations in cortex. The topographic organization of corticostriatal connectivity is thought to underpin many goal-directed behaviours, but these topographies have not been completely characterised in humans and their relationship to uniquely human behaviours remains to be fully determined. Instead, the dominant approach employs parcellations that cannot model the continuous nature of the topography, nor accommodate overlapping cortical projections in the striatum. Here, we employ a different approach to studying human corticostriatal circuitry: we estimate smoothly-varying and spatially overlapping 'connection topographies' from resting state fMRI. These correspond exceptionally well with and extend the topographies predicted from primate tracing studies. We show that striatal topography is preserved in regions not previously known to have topographic connections with the striatum and that many goal-directed behaviours can be mapped precisely onto individual variations in the spatial layout of striatal connectivity.
TI  - Functional corticostriatal connection topographies predict goal directed behaviour in humans
SN  - 2397-3374
IS  - iss. 8
JF  - Nature Human Behaviour
VL  - vol. 1
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0146
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwhof, F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Reelick, M.F.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Maidan, I.
AU  - Mirelman, A.
AU  - Hausdorff, J.M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169326
AB  - Impaired dual tasking, namely the inability to concurrently perform a cognitive and a motor task (e.g. 'stops walking while talking'), is a largely unexplained and frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease. Here we consider two circuit-level accounts of how striatal dopamine depletion might lead to impaired dual tasking in patients with Parkinson’s disease. First, the loss of segregation between striatal territories induced by dopamine depletion may lead to dysfunctional overlaps between the motor and cognitive processes usually implemented in parallel cortico-striatal circuits. Second, the known dorso-posterior to ventro-anterior gradient of dopamine depletion in patients with Parkinson's disease may cause a funnelling of motor and cognitive processes into the relatively spared ventro-anterior putamen, causing a neural bottleneck. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain activity in 19 patients with Parkinson's disease and 26 control subjects during performance of a motor task (auditory-cued ankle movements), a cognitive task (implementing a switch-stay rule), and both tasks simultaneously (dual task). The distribution of task-related activity respected the known segregation between motor and cognitive territories of the putamen in both groups, with motor-related responses in the dorso-posterior putamen and task switch-related responses in the ventro-anterior putamen. During dual task performance, patients made more motor and cognitive errors than control subjects. They recruited a striatal territory (ventro-posterior putamen) not engaged during either the cognitive or the motor task, nor used by controls. Relatively higher ventro-posterior putamen activity in controls was associated with worse dual task performance. These observations suggest that dual task impairments in Parkinson's disease are related to reduced spatial focusing of striatal activity. This pattern of striatal activity may be explained by a loss of functional segregation between neighbouring striatal territories that occurs specifically in a dual task context.
TI  - Impaired dual tasking in Parkinson's disease is associated with reduced focusing of cortico-striatal activity
EP  - 1398
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1384
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 140
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx042
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boot, N.
AU  - Baas, M.
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Dreu, C.K.W. De
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/174489
AB  - Creative cognition is key to human functioning yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are sparsely addressed and poorly understood. Here we address the possibility that creative cognition is a function of dopaminergic modulation in fronto-striatal brain circuitries. It is proposed that (i) creative cognition benefits from both flexible and persistent processing, (ii) striatal dopamine and the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is associated with flexible processing, while (iii) prefrontal dopamine and the integrity of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway is associated with persistent processing. We examine this possibility in light of studies linking creative ideation, divergent thinking, and creative problem-solving to polymorphisms in dopamine receptor genes, indirect markers and manipulations of the dopaminergic system, and clinical populations with dysregulated dopaminergic activity. Combined, studies suggest a functional differentiation between striatal and prefrontal dopamine: moderate (but not low or high) levels of striatal dopamine benefit creative cognition by facilitating flexible processes, and moderate (but not low or high) levels of prefrontal dopamine enable persistence-driven creativity.
TI  - Creative cognition and dopaminergic modulation of fronto-striatal networks: Integrative review and research agenda
EP  - 23
SN  - 0149-7634
SP  - 13
JF  - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loth, E.
AU  - Charman, T.
AU  - Mason, L.
AU  - Tillmann, J.
AU  - Jones, E.J.H.
AU  - Wooldridge, C.
AU  - Ahmad, J.
AU  - Auyeung, B.
AU  - Brogna, C.
AU  - Ambrosino, S.
AU  - Banaschewski, T.
AU  - Baron-Cohen, S.
AU  - Baumeister, S.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Brammer, M.
AU  - Brandeis, D.
AU  - Bolte, S.
AU  - Bourgeron, T.
AU  - Bours, C.C.A.H.
AU  - Bruijn, Y.G.E. de
AU  - Chakrabarti, B.
AU  - Crawley, D.
AU  - Cornelissen, I.M.M.
AU  - Acqua, F.D.
AU  - Dumas, G.
AU  - Durston, S.
AU  - Ecker, C.
AU  - Faulkner, J.
AU  - Frouin, V.
AU  - Garces, P.
AU  - Goyard, D.
AU  - Hayward, H.
AU  - Ham, L.M.
AU  - Hipp, J.
AU  - Holt, R.J.
AU  - Johnson, M.H.
AU  - Isaksson, J.
AU  - Kundu, P.
AU  - Lai, M.C.
AU  - X, L. D'Ardhuy
AU  - Lombardo, M.V.
AU  - Lythgoe, D.J.
AU  - Mandl, R.
AU  - Meyer-Lindenberg, A.
AU  - Moessnang, C.
AU  - Mueller, N.
AU  - O'Dwyer, L.G.
AU  - Oldehinkel, M.
AU  - Oranje, B.
AU  - Pandina, G.
AU  - Persico, A.M.
AU  - Ruigrok, A.N.
AU  - Ruggeri, B.
AU  - Sabet, J.
AU  - Sacco, R.
AU  - Caceres, A.S.J.
AU  - Simonoff, E.
AU  - Toro, R.
AU  - Tost, H.
AU  - Waldman, J.
AU  - Williams, S.C.R.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Spooren, W.
AU  - Murphy, D.G.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/177208
AB  - BACKGROUND: The tremendous clinical and aetiological diversity among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a major obstacle to the development of new treatments, as many may only be effective in particular subgroups. Precision medicine approaches aim to overcome this challenge by combining pathophysiologically based treatments with stratification biomarkers that predict which treatment may be most beneficial for particular individuals. However, so far, we have no single validated stratification biomarker for ASD. This may be due to the fact that most research studies primarily have focused on the identification of mean case-control differences, rather than within-group variability, and included small samples that were underpowered for stratification approaches. The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study worldwide that aims to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for ASD. METHODS: LEAP includes 437 children and adults with ASD and 300 individuals with typical development or mild intellectual disability. Using an accelerated longitudinal design, each participant is comprehensively characterised in terms of clinical symptoms, comorbidities, functional outcomes, neurocognitive profile, brain structure and function, biochemical markers and genomics. In addition, 51 twin-pairs (of which 36 had one sibling with ASD) are included to identify genetic and environmental factors in phenotypic variability. RESULTS: Here, we describe the demographic characteristics of the cohort, planned analytic stratification approaches, criteria and steps to validate candidate stratification markers, pre-registration procedures to increase transparency, standardisation and data robustness across all analyses, and share some 'lessons learnt'. A clinical characterisation of the cohort is given in the companion paper (Charman et al., accepted). CONCLUSION: We expect that LEAP will enable us to confirm, reject and refine current hypotheses of neurocognitive/neurobiological abnormalities, identify biologically and clinically meaningful ASD subgroups, and help us map phenotypic heterogeneity to different aetiologies.
TI  - The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): design and methodologies to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders
SN  - 2040-2392
JF  - Molecular Autism
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0146-8
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/177208/177208.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charman, T.
AU  - Loth, E.
AU  - Tillmann, J.
AU  - Crawley, D.
AU  - Wooldridge, C.
AU  - Goyard, D.
AU  - Ahmad, J.
AU  - Auyeung, B.
AU  - Ambrosino, S.
AU  - Banaschewski, T.
AU  - Baron-Cohen, S.
AU  - Baumeister, S.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Bolte, S.
AU  - Bourgeron, T.
AU  - Bours, C.C.A.H.
AU  - Brammer, M.
AU  - Brandeis, D.
AU  - Brogna, C.
AU  - Bruijn, Y. de
AU  - Chakrabarti, B.
AU  - Cornelissen, I.M.M.
AU  - Acqua, F.D.
AU  - Dumas, G.
AU  - Durston, S.
AU  - Ecker, C.
AU  - Faulkner, J.
AU  - Frouin, V.
AU  - Garces, P.
AU  - Ham, L.
AU  - Hayward, H.
AU  - Hipp, J.
AU  - Holt, R.J.
AU  - Isaksson, J.
AU  - Johnson, M.H.
AU  - Jones, E.J.H.
AU  - Kundu, P.
AU  - Lai, M.C.
AU  - D'Ardhuy, X.L.
AU  - Lombardo, M.V.
AU  - Lythgoe, D.J.
AU  - Mandl, R.
AU  - Mason, L.
AU  - Meyer-Lindenberg, A.
AU  - Moessnang, C.
AU  - Mueller, N.
AU  - O'Dwyer, L.G.
AU  - Oldehinkel, M.
AU  - Oranje, B.
AU  - Pandina, G.
AU  - Persico, A.M.
AU  - Ruggeri, B.
AU  - Ruigrok, A.N.
AU  - Sabet, J.
AU  - Sacco, R.
AU  - Caceres, A.S.J.
AU  - Simonoff, E.
AU  - Toro, R.
AU  - Tost, H.
AU  - Waldman, J.
AU  - Williams, S.C.R.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Spooren, W.
AU  - Murphy, D.G.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/177207
AB  - BACKGROUND: The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study on biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current paper describes the clinical characteristics of the LEAP cohort and examines age, sex and IQ differences in ASD core symptoms and common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. A companion paper describes the overall design and experimental protocol and outlines the strategy to identify stratification biomarkers. METHODS: From six research centres in four European countries, we recruited 437 children and adults with ASD and 300 controls between the ages of 6 and 30 years with IQs varying between 50 and 148. We conducted in-depth clinical characterisation including a wide range of observational, interview and questionnaire measures of the ASD phenotype, as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: The cohort showed heterogeneity in ASD symptom presentation, with only minimal to moderate site differences on core clinical and cognitive measures. On both parent-report interview and questionnaire measures, ASD symptom severity was lower in adults compared to children and adolescents. The precise pattern of differences varied across measures, but there was some evidence of both lower social symptoms and lower repetitive behaviour severity in adults. Males had higher ASD symptom scores than females on clinician-rated and parent interview diagnostic measures but not on parent-reported dimensional measures of ASD symptoms. In contrast, self-reported ASD symptom severity was higher in adults compared to adolescents, and in adult females compared to males. Higher scores on ASD symptom measures were moderately associated with lower IQ. Both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms were lower in adults than in children and adolescents, and males with ASD had higher levels of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms than females. CONCLUSIONS: The established phenotypic heterogeneity in ASD is well captured in the LEAP cohort. Variation both in core ASD symptom severity and in commonly co-occurring psychiatric symptoms were systematically associated with sex, age and IQ. The pattern of ASD symptom differences with age and sex also varied by whether these were clinician ratings or parent- or self-reported which has important implications for establishing stratification biomarkers and for their potential use as outcome measures in clinical trials.
TI  - The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): clinical characterisation
SN  - 2040-2392
JF  - Molecular Autism
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0145-9
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/177207/177207.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gips, B.C.I.
AU  - Bahramisharif, A.
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Weerd, P. De
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Eerden, J.P.J.M. van der
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/166584
TI  - Discovering recurring patterns in electrophysiological recordings
EP  - 79
SN  - 0165-0270
SP  - 66
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
VL  - vol. 275
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.11.001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campen, A.D. van
AU  - Hartstra, E.
AU  - Sutter, K.
AU  - Ullsperger, M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Mars, R.B.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167578
AB  - Society Proceedings: 6th International Conference on Transcranial Brain Stimulation, Göttingen, Germany, 7-10 September, 2016
TI  - Investigating inhibitory processes within the motor cortex during conflict resolution using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - e82
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 128
PS  - 1 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.258
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Baas, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/176769
AB  - The ability to adaptively regulate responses to the proximity of potential danger is critical to survival and imbalance in this system may contribute to psychopathology. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is implicated in defensive responding during uncertain threat anticipation whereas the amygdala may drive responding upon more acute danger. This functional dissociation between the BNST and amygdala is however controversial, and human evidence scarce. Here we utilized data from two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (N=108 males & N=70 (45 females)) to probe how coordination between the BNST and amygdala may regulate responses during shock anticipation and actual shock confrontation. In a subset of participants from sample 2 (N=48) we demonstrate that anticipation and confrontation evoke bradycardic and tachycardic responses respectively. Further, we show that in each sample when going from shock anticipation to the moment of shock confrontation neural activity shifted from a region anatomically consistent with the BNST towards the amygdala. Comparisons of functional connectivity during threat processing showed overlapping yet also consistently divergent functional connectivity profiles for the BNST and amygdala. Finally, childhood maltreatment levels predicted amygdala, but not BNST, hyperactivity during shock anticipation. Our results support an evolutionary conserved, defensive distance-dependent dynamic balance between BNST and amygdala activity. Shifts in this balance may enable shifts in defensive reactions via the demonstrated differential functional connectivity. Our results indicate that early life stress may tip the neural balance towards acute threat responding and via that route predispose for affective disorder.
TI  - How human amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may drive distinct defensive responses
EP  - 9656
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 40
SP  - 9645
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 37
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3830-16.2017
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/176769/176769.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boer, L.L.
AU  - Schepens-Franke, A.N.
AU  - Asten, J.J.A. van
AU  - Bosboom, D.G.H.
AU  - Kamphuis-van Ulzen, K.
AU  - Kozicz, T.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Oostra, R.J.
AU  - Klein, W.M.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/174217
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the advantages of radiological imaging of a collection of full-term teratological fetuses in order to increase their scientific and educational value. BACKGROUND : Anatomical museums around the world exhibit full-term teratological fetuses. Unfortunately, these museums are regularly considered as "morbid cabinets". Detailed dysmorphological information concerning the exhibited specimens is often lacking. Moreover, fetuses with severe and complex congenital anomalies are frequently diagnosed incompletely, incorrectly or not at all. METHODS: In order to verify diagnoses and to enrich their educational and scientific value, we imaged 41 out of the 72 teratological specimens present in the collection of our Anatomy and Pathology Museum in Nijmegen (The Netherlands) by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Additionally, contemporary dysmorphological insights and 3D models are implemented in the teratology education of medical students and residents. CONCLUSIONS: Full-term teratological fetuses have become increasingly rare and deserve a prominent place in every anatomical museum; they are suitable for contemporary teratological research and education. Modern radiological techniques markedly enhance their scientific and didactic value. TEACHING POINTS: * To explore the scientific and educational potential of institutionalised teratological collections * To understand the additional value of radiological imaging in diagnosing teratological specimens * To learn about the specific settings of MRI parameters when scanning fixed specimens * To recognise specific internal dysmorphology in several congenital anomalies.
TI  - Radiological imaging of teratological fetuses: what can we learn?
EP  - 310
SN  - 1869-4101
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 301
JF  - Insights Into Imaging
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-017-0551-8
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/174217/174217.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Z.
AU  - Bralten, J.B.
AU  - An, L.
AU  - Cao, Q.J.
AU  - Cao, X.H.
AU  - Sun, L.
AU  - Liu, L.
AU  - Yang, L.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Zang, Y.F.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Wang, Y.F.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/176667
TI  - Verbal working memory-related functional connectivity alterations in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the effects of methylphenidate
EP  - 1069
SN  - 0269-8811
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1061
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117715607
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Navarro Schröder, T.
AU  - Oplaat, K.T.
AU  - Krugers, H.J.
AU  - Oitzl, M.S.
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Doeller, C.F.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169192
AB  - Stress is assumed to cause a shift from flexible 'cognitive' memory to more rigid 'habit' memory. In the spatial memory domain, stress impairs place learning depending on the hippocampus whereas stimulus-response learning based on the striatum appears to be improved. While the neural basis of this shift is still unclear, previous evidence in rodents points towards cortisol interacting with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to affect amygdala functioning. The amygdala is in turn assumed to orchestrate the stress-induced shift in memory processing. However, an integrative study testing these mechanisms in humans is lacking. Therefore, we combined functional neuroimaging of a spatial memory task, stress-induction, and administration of an MR-antagonist in a full-factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled between-subjects design in 101 healthy males. We demonstrate that stress-induced increases in cortisol lead to enhanced stimulus-response learning, accompanied by increased amygdala activity and connectivity to the striatum. Importantly, this shift was prevented by an acute administration of the MR-antagonist spironolactone. Our findings support a model in which the MR and the amygdala play an important role in the stress-induced shift towards habit memory systems, revealing a fundamental mechanism of adaptively allocating neural resources that may have implications for stress-related mental disorders.
TI  - Stress induces a shift towards striatum-dependent stimulus-response learning via the mineralocorticoid receptor
EP  - 1271
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1262
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 42
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.262
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berkers, R.M.W.J.
AU  - Linden, M.H. van der
AU  - Almeida, R.F. de
AU  - Müller, N.C.J.
AU  - Bovy, L.
AU  - Dresler, M.
AU  - Morris, R.G.M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169860
AB  - Knowledge extracted across previous experiences, or schemas, benefit encoding and retention of congruent information. However, they can also reduce specificity and augment memory for semantically related, but false information. A demonstration of the latter is given by the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, where the studying of words that fit a common semantic schema are found to induce false memories for words that are congruent with the given schema, but were not studied. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been ascribed the function of leveraging prior knowledge to influence encoding and retrieval, based on imaging and patient studies. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to transiently perturb ongoing mPFC processing immediately before participants performed the DRM-task. We observed the predicted reduction in false recall of critical lures after mPFC perturbation, compared to two control groups, whereas veridical recall and recognition memory performance remained similar across groups. These data provide initial causal evidence for a role of the mPFC in biasing the assimilation of new memories and their consolidation as a function of prior knowledge.
TI  - Transient medial prefrontal perturbation reduces false memory formation
EP  - 52
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 42
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 88
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.015
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Leijsen, E.M.C. van
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/189794
TI  - Baseline Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Not Associated with Gait Decline After Five Years
EP  - 382
SN  - 2330-1619
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 374
JF  - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12435
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Schmits, I.C.
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Knoop, H.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/163005
AB  - Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by severe fatigue persisting for ≥6 months and leading to considerable impairment in daily functioning. Neuroimaging studies of patients with CFS have revealed alterations in prefrontal brain morphology. However, it remains to be determined whether these alterations are specific for fatigue or whether they relate to other common CFS symptoms (e.g., chronic pain, lower psychomotor speed, and reduced physical activity). Methods: We used magnetic resonance imaging to quantify gray matter volume (GMV) and the N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate/creatine ratio (NAA/Cr) in a group of 89 women with CFS. Building on previous reports, we tested whether GMV and NAA/Cr in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are associated with fatigue severity, pain, psychomotor speed, and physical activity, while controlling for depressive symptoms. We also considered GMV and NAA/Cr differences between patients with CFS and 26 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls. Results: The presence of pain symptoms was the main predictor of both GMV and NAA/Cr in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with CFS. More pain was associated with reduced GMVs and NAA/Cr, over and above the effects of fatigue, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and psychomotor speed. In contrast to previous reports and despite a large representative sample, global GMV did not differ between the CFS and healthy control groups. Conclusions: CFS, as diagnosed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, is not a clinical entity reliably associated with reduced GMV. Individual variation in the presence of pain, rather than fatigue, is associated with neuronal alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with CFS.
TI  - Prefrontal structure varies as a function of pain symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome
EP  - 365
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 358
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 81
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.016
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fallon, S.J.
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/173053
AB  - A balance has to be struck between supporting distractor-resistant representations in working memory and allowing those representations to be updated. Catecholamine, particularly dopamine, transmission has been proposed to modulate the balance between the stability and flexibility of working memory representations. However, it is unclear whether drugs that increase catecholamine transmission, such as methylphenidate, optimize this balance in a task-dependent manner or bias the system toward stability at the expense of flexibility (or vice versa). Here we demonstrate, using pharmacological fMRI, that methylphenidate improves the ability to resist distraction (cognitive stability) but impairs the ability to flexibly update items currently held in working memory (cognitive flexibility). These behavioral effects were accompanied by task-general effects in the striatum and opposite and task-specific effects on neural signal in the pFC. This suggests that methylphenidate exerts its cognitive enhancing and impairing effects through acting on the pFC, an effect likely associated with methylphenidate's action on the striatum. These findings highlight that methylphenidate acts as a double-edged sword, improving one cognitive function at the expense of another, while also elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these paradoxical effects.
TI  - The Neurocognitive Cost of Enhancing Cognition with Methylphenidate: Improved Distractor Resistance but Impaired Updating
EP  - 663
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 652
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 29
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01065
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/173053/173053.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Lawrence, A.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Barrick, T.R.
AU  - Markus, H.S.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/170472
AB  - Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an important cause of vascular cognitive impairment. Recent studies have demonstrated that structural connectivity of brain networks in SVD is disrupted. However, little is known about the extent and location of the reduced connectivity in SVD. Here they investigate the rich club organisation-a set of highly connected and interconnected regions-and investigate whether there is preferential rich club disruption in SVD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognitive assessment were performed in a discovery sample of SVD patients (n = 115) and healthy control subjects (n = 50). Results were replicated in an independent dataset (49 SVD with confluent WMH cases and 108 SVD controls) with SVD patients having a similar SVD phenotype to that of the discovery cases. Rich club organisation was examined in structural networks derived from DTI followed by deterministic tractography. Structural networks in SVD patients were less dense with lower network strength and efficiency. Reduced connectivity was found in SVD, which was preferentially located in the connectivity between the rich club nodes rather than in the feeder and peripheral connections, a finding confirmed in both datasets. In discovery dataset, lower rich club connectivity was associated with lower scores on psychomotor speed (beta = 0.29, P < 0.001) and executive functions (beta = 0.20, P = 0.009). These results suggest that SVD is characterized by abnormal connectivity between rich club hubs in SVD and provide evidence that abnormal rich club organisation might contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in SVD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1751-1766, 2017. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TI  - Disruption of rich club organisation in cerebral small vessel disease
EP  - 1766
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1751
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23479
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/170472/170472.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Schiller, D.
AU  - LeDoux, J.E.
AU  - Phelps, E.A.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168244
AB  - Maladaptive learned responses and memories contribute to psychiatric disorders that constitute a significant socio-economic burden. Primary treatment methods teach patients to inhibit maladaptive responses, but do not get rid of the memory itself, which explains why many patients experience a return of symptoms even after initially successful treatment. This highlights the need to discover more persistent and robust techniques to diminish maladaptive learned behaviours. One potentially promising approach is to alter the original memory, as opposed to inhibiting it, by targeting memory reconsolidation. Recent research shows that reactivating an old memory results in a period of memory flexibility and requires restorage, or reconsolidation, for the memory to persist. This reconsolidation period allows a window for modification of a specific old memory. Renewal of memory flexibility following reactivation holds great clinical potential as it enables targeting reconsolidation and changing of specific learned responses and memories that contribute to maladaptive mental states and behaviours. Here, we will review translational research on non-human animals, healthy human subjects, and clinical populations aimed at altering memories by targeting reconsolidation using biological treatments (electrical stimulation, noradrenergic antagonists) or behavioural interference (reactivation-extinction paradigm). Both approaches have been used successfully to modify aversive and appetitive memories, yet effectiveness in treating clinical populations has been limited. We will discuss that memory flexibility depends on the type of memory tested and the brain regions that underlie specific types of memory. Further, when and how we can most effectively reactivate a memory and induce flexibility is largely unclear. Finally, the development of drugs that can target reconsolidation and are safe for use in humans would optimize cross-species translations. Increasing the understanding of the mechanism and limitations of memory flexibility upon reactivation should help optimize efficacy of treatments for psychiatric patients.
TI  - Translational Approaches Targeting Reconsolidation
EP  - 230
SN  - 1866-3370
SP  - 197
JF  - Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2015_5008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Tona, K.D.
AU  - Ouden, H.E.M. den
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/157652
AB  - Combining beta-blockers with exposure therapy has been advocated to reduce fear, yet experimental studies combining beta-blockers with memory reactivation have had contradictory results. We explored how beta-blockade might affect the course of safety learning and the subsequent return of fear in a double-blind placebo-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans (N=46). A single dose of propranolol before extinction learning caused a loss of conditioned fear responses, and prevented the subsequent return of fear and decreased explicit memory for the fearful events in the absence of drug. Fear-related neural responses were persistently attenuated in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), increased in the hippocampus 24 h later, and correlated with individual behavioral indices of fear. Prediction error-related responses in the ventral striatum persisted during beta-blockade. We suggest that this pattern of results is most consistent with a model where beta-blockade can prevent the return of fear by (i) reducing retrieval of fear memory, via the dmPFC and (ii) increasing contextual safety learning, via the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that retrieval of fear memory and contextual safety learning form potential mnemonic target mechanisms to optimize exposure-based therapy with beta-blockers.
TI  - How administration of the beta-blocker propranolol before extinction can prevent the return of fear
EP  - 1578
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1569
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 41
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.315
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pasi, M.
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Pantoni, L.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168276
TI  - White Matter Microstructural Damage on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Clinical Consequences
EP  - 1684
SN  - 0039-2499
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1679
JF  - Stroke
VL  - vol. 47
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012065
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/160302
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - The disconnected brain. Mechanisms of clinical symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease
N1  - RU Radboud Universiteit, 4 oktober 2016
N1  - Promotores : Klijn, C.J.M., Norris, D.G. 
Co-promotores : Leeuw, H.F. de, Dijk, E.J. van
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaapsmeerders, P.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Arntz, R.M.
AU  - Franssen, S.
AU  - Maaijwee, N.A.M.M.
AU  - Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A.
AU  - Schoonderwaldt, H.C.
AU  - Dorresteijn, L.D.A.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168107
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poststroke cognitive impairment occurs frequently in young patients with ischemic stroke (18 through 50 years of age). Accumulating data suggest that stroke is associated with lower white matter integrity remote from the stroke impact area, which might explain why some patients have good long-term cognitive outcome and others do not. Given the life expectancy of decades in young patients, we therefore investigated remote white matter in relation to long-term cognitive function. METHODS: We included all consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients, left/right hemisphere, without recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack during follow-up, aged 18 through 50 years, admitted to our university medical center between 1980 and 2010. One hundred seventeen patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning including a T1-weighted scan, a diffusion tensor imaging scan, and completed a neuropsychological assessment. Patients were compared with a matched stroke-free control group (age, sex, and education matched). Cognitive impairment was defined as >1.5 SD below the mean cognitive index score of controls and no cognitive impairment as </=1 SD. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to assess the white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). RESULTS: About 11 years after ischemic stroke, lower remote white matter integrity was associated with a worse long-term cognitive performance. A lower remote white matter integrity, even in the contralesional hemisphere, was observed in cognitively impaired patients (n=25) compared with cognitively unimpaired patients (n=71). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that although stroke has an acute onset, it might have long lasting effects on remote white matter integrity and thereby increases the risk of long-term cognitive impairment.
TI  - Remote lower white matter integrity increases the risk of long-term cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke in young adults
EP  - 2025
SN  - 0039-2499
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2517
JF  - Stroke
VL  - vol. 47
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014356
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, K.M.
AU  - Christiansen, M.H.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Indefrey, P.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/158692
AB  - When learning a new language, we build brain networks to process and represent the acquired words and syntax and integrate these with existing language representations. It is an open question whether the same or different neural mechanisms are involved in learning and processing a novel language compared to the native language(s). Here we investigated the neural repetition effects of repeating known and novel word orders while human subjects were in the early stages of learning a new language. Combining a miniature language with a syntactic priming paradigm, we examined the neural correlates of language learning online using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and posterior temporal cortex the repetition of novel syntactic structures led to repetition enhancement, while repetition of known structures resulted in repetition suppression. Additional verb repetition led to an increase in the syntactic repetition enhancement effect in language-related brain regions. Similarly the repetition of verbs led to repetition enhancement effects in areas related to lexical and semantic processing, an effect that continued to increase in a subset of these regions. Repetition enhancement might reflect a mechanism to build and strengthen a neural network to process novel syntactic structures and lexical items. By contrast, the observed repetition suppression points to overlapping neural mechanisms for native and new language constructions when these have sufficient structural similarities.
TI  - fMRI syntactic and lexical repetition effects reveal the initial stages of learning a new language
EP  - 6880
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 26
SP  - 6872
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 36
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3180-15.2016
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/158692/158692.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bastos, A.M.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/150693
TI  - A tutorial review of functional connectivity analysis methods and their interpretational pitfalls
SN  - 1662-5137
JF  - Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00175
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/150693/150693.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
AU  - Kendrick, K.H.
AU  - Casillas, M.A.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
PY  - 2016
SN  - 9782889198252
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/162500
PB  - Lausanne : Frontiers Media
TI  - Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
PS  - 293 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-825-2
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Holler, J.A.M.
AU  - Kendrick, K.H.
AU  - Casillas, M.A.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/166348
PB  - Lausanne : Frontiers Media
TI  - Editorial. Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
EP  - 9
SN  - 9782889198252
SP  - 6
CT  - Holler, J.A.M.; Kendrick, K.H.; Casillas, M.A. (ed.), Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-825-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, J.
AU  - Vidal, J.R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Démonet, J.F.
AU  - Goldstein, A.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/161831
TI  - Selective Neural Synchrony Suppression as a Forward Gatekeeper to Piecemeal Conscious Perception
EP  - 3022
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 3010
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv114
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voogd, L.D. de
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167731
AB  - A large body of evidence in animals and humans implicates the amygdala in promoting memory for arousing experiences. Although the amygdala can trigger threat-related noradrenergic-sympathetic arousal, in humans amygdala activation and noradrenergic-sympathetic arousal do not always concur. This raises the question how these two processes play a role in enhancing emotional declarative memory. This study was designed to disentangle these processes in a combined subsequent-memory/fear-conditioning paradigm with neutral items belonging to two conceptual categories as conditioned stimuli. Functional MRI, skin conductance (index of sympathetic activity), and pupil dilation (indirect index of central noradrenergic activity) were acquired throughout procedures. Recognition memory for individual items was tested 24 h later. We found that pupil dilation and skin conductance responses were higher on CS+ (associated with a shock) compared with CS- trials, irrespective of later memory for those items. By contrast, amygdala activity was only higher for CS+ items that were later confidently remembered compared with CS+ items that were later forgotten. Thus, amygdala activity and not noradrenergic-sympathetic arousal, predicted enhanced declarative item memory. This dissociation is in line with animal models stating that the amygdala integrates arousal-related neuromodulatory changes to alter mnemonic processes elsewhere in the brain.
TI  - Disentangling the roles of arousal and amygdala activation in emotional declarative memory
EP  - 1480
SN  - 1749-5016
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1471
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 11
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw055
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/167731/167731.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baykara, E.
AU  - Gesierich, B.
AU  - Adam, R.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Biesbroek, J.M.
AU  - Koek, H.L.
AU  - Ropele, S.
AU  - Jouvent, E.
AU  - Chabriat, H.
AU  - Ertl-Wagner, B.
AU  - Ewers, M.
AU  - Schmidt, R.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Biessels, G.J.
AU  - Dichgans, M.
AU  - Duering, M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167640
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To establish a fully automated, robust imaging marker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and related cognitive impairment that is easy to implement, reflects disease burden, and is strongly associated with processing speed, the predominantly affected cognitive domain in SVD. METHODS: We developed a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker based on diffusion tensor imaging, skeletonization of white matter tracts, and histogram analysis. The marker (peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity [PSMD]) was assessed along with conventional SVD imaging markers. We first evaluated associations with processing speed in patients with genetically defined SVD (n = 113). Next, we validated our findings in independent samples of inherited SVD (n = 57), sporadic SVD (n = 444), and memory clinic patients with SVD (n = 105). The new marker was further applied to healthy controls (n = 241) and to patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 153). We further conducted a longitudinal analysis and interscanner reproducibility study. RESULTS: PSMD was associated with processing speed in all study samples with SVD (p-values between 2.8 x 10(-3) and 1.8 x 10(-10) ). PSMD explained most of the variance in processing speed (R(2) ranging from 8.8% to 46%) and consistently outperformed conventional imaging markers (white matter hyperintensity volume, lacune volume, and brain volume) in multiple regression analyses. Increases in PSMD were linked to vascular but not to neurodegenerative disease. In longitudinal analysis, PSMD captured SVD progression better than other imaging markers. INTERPRETATION: PSMD is a new, fully automated, and robust imaging marker for SVD. PSMD can easily be applied to large samples and may be of great utility for both research studies and clinical use. Ann Neurol 2016;80:581-592.
TI  - A Novel Imaging Marker for Small Vessel Disease Based on Skeletonization of White Matter Tracts and Diffusion Histograms
EP  - 592
SN  - 0364-5134
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 581
JF  - Annals of Neurology
VL  - vol. 80
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24758
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuijzen, M.E. van de
AU  - Axmacher, N.
AU  - Fell, J.
AU  - Oehrn, C.R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/158227
AB  - Natural stimuli consist of multiple properties. However, not all of these properties are equally relevant in a given situation. In this study, we applied multivariate classification algorithms to intracranial electroencephalography data of human epilepsy patients performing an auditory Stroop task. This allowed us to identify neuronal representations of task-relevant and irrelevant pitch and semantic information of spoken words in a subset of patients. When properties were relevant, representations could be detected after about 350 ms after stimulus onset. When irrelevant, the association with gamma power differed for these properties. Patients with more reliable representations of irrelevant pitch showed increased gamma band activity (35-64 Hz), suggesting that attentional resources allow an increase in gamma power in some but not all patients. This effect was not observed for irrelevant semantics, possibly because the more automatic processing of this property allowed for less variation in free resources. Processing of different properties of the same stimulus seems therefore to be dependent on the characteristics of the property.
TI  - Decoding of task-relevant and task-irrelevant intracranial EEG representations
EP  - 139
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 132
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 137
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bralten, J.
AU  - Greven, C.U.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Rommelse, N.N.J.
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Meer, D. van der
AU  - O'Dwyer, L.G.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.
AU  - Arias-Vasquez, A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168270
AB  - BACKGROUND: Data on structural brain alterations in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been inconsistent. Both ADHD and brain volumes have a strong genetic loading, but whether brain alterations in patients with ADHD are familial has been underexplored. We aimed to detect structural brain alterations in adolescents and young adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls. We examined whether these alterations were also found in their unaffected siblings, using a uniquely large sample. METHODS: We performed voxel-based morphometry analyses on MRI scans of patients with ADHD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls. We identified brain areas that differed between participants with ADHD and controls and investigated whether these areas were different in unaffected siblings. Influences of medication use, age, sex and IQ were considered. RESULTS: Our sample included 307 patients with ADHD, 169 unaffected siblings and 196 typically developing controls (mean age 17.2 [range 8-30] yr). Compared with controls, participants with ADHD had significantly smaller grey matter volume in 5 clusters located in the precentral gyrus, medial and orbitofrontal cortex, and (para)cingulate cortices. Unaffected siblings showed intermediate volumes significantly different from controls in 4 of these clusters (all except the precentral gyrus). Medication use, age, sex and IQ did not have an undue influence on the results. LIMITATIONS: Our sample was heterogeneous, most participants with ADHD were taking medication, and the comparison was cross-sectional. CONCLUSION: Brain areas involved in decision making, motivation, cognitive control and motor functioning were smaller in participants with ADHD than in controls. Investigation of unaffected siblings indicated familiality of 4 of the structural brain differences, supporting their potential in molecular genetic analyses in ADHD research.
TI  - Voxel-based morphometry analysis reveals frontal brain differences in participants with ADHD and their unaffected siblings
EP  - 279
SN  - 1180-4882
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 272
JF  - Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 41
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.140377
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Bonizzi, P.
AU  - Karel, J.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/150601
TI  - Quantifying Neural Oscillatory Synchronization: A Comparison between Spectral Coherence and Phase-Locking Value Approaches
SN  - 1932-6203
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 11
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146443
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/150601/150601.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulckhuyse, M.G.J.
AU  - Lojowska, M.
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/162989
TI  - Fear improves unconscious visual processing of coarse low spatial frequency information
EP  - 199
SN  - 0301-0066
IS  - iss. 2-Suppl.
SP  - 198
JF  - Perception
VL  - vol. 45
PS  - 2 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006616671273
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, A.
AU  - Zhang, W.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Oort, E.S.B. van
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Groen, W.B.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/157241
TI  - Altered functional connectivity of the amygdaloid input nuclei in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: a resting state fMRI study
EP  - 26
SN  - 2040-2392
SP  - 13
JF  - Molecular Autism
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0060-x
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/157241/157241.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tyborowska, A.B.
AU  - Volman, I.A.C.
AU  - Smeekens, S.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/158034
AB  - Increased limbic and striatal activation in adolescence has been attributed to a relative delay in the maturation of prefrontal areas, resulting in the increase of impulsive reward-seeking behaviors that are often observed during puberty. However, it remains unclear whether and how this general developmental pattern applies to the control of social emotional actions, a fundamental adult skill refined during adolescence. This domain of control pertains to decisions involving emotional responses. When faced with a social emotional challenge (e.g., an angry face), we can follow automatic response tendencies and avoid the challenge or exert control over those tendencies by selecting an alternative action. Using an fMRI-adapted social approach-avoidance task, this study identifies how the neural regulation of emotional action control changes as a function of human pubertal development in 14-year-old adolescents (n = 47). Pubertal maturation, indexed by testosterone levels, shifted neural regulation of emotional actions from the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus and the amygdala to the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC). Adolescents with more advanced pubertal maturation showed greater aPFC activity when controlling their emotional action tendencies, reproducing the same pattern consistently observed in adults. In contrast, adolescents of the same age, but with less advanced pubertal maturation, showed greater pulvinar and amygdala activity when exerting similarly effective emotional control. These findings qualify how, in the domain of social emotional actions, executive control shifts from subcortical to prefrontal structures during pubertal development. The pulvinar and the amygdala are suggested as the ontogenetic precursors of the mature control system centered on the anterior prefrontal cortex.
TI  - Testosterone during puberty shifts emotional control from pulvinar to anterior prefrontal cortex
EP  - 6164
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 23
SP  - 6156
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 36
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3874-15.2016
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/158034/158034.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Pesters, A.
AU  - Coon, W.G.
AU  - Brunner, P.
AU  - Gunduz, A.
AU  - Ritaccio, A.L.
AU  - Brunet, N.M.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Schalk, G.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/162022
TI  - Alpha power indexes task-related networks on large and small scales: A multimodal ECoG study in humans and a non-human primate
EP  - 131
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 122
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 134
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.074
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
AU  - Volman, I.A.C.
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/159075
AB  - Criminal behaviour poses a big challenge for society. A thorough understanding of neurobiological mechanisms underlying criminality could optimize its prevention and management. Recently, it has been proposed that neural mechanisms underpinning reward expectation might be pivotal to understanding criminal behavior. However this proposal has not been tested in a criminal sample. To fill this gap, we assessed reward expectation in incarcerated, psychopathic criminals. We compared this group to two groups of non-criminal individuals: one with high levels and another with low levels of impulsive/antisocial traits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to quantify neural responses to reward expectancy. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were performed to examine differences in functional connectivity patterns of reward-related regions. The data suggest that overt criminality is characterized, not by abnormal reward expectation per se, but rather by enhanced communication between reward-related striatal regions and frontal brain regions. We establish that incarcerated psychopathic criminals can be dissociated from noncriminal individuals with comparable impulsive/antisocial personality tendencies based on the degree to which reward-related brain regions interact with brain regions that control behavior. The present results help us understand why some people act according to their impulsive/antisocial personality while others are able to behave adaptively despite reward-related urges.
TI  - Neural connectivity during reward expectation dissociates psychopathic criminals from noncriminal individuals with high impulsive/antisocial psychopathic traits
EP  - 1334
SN  - 1749-5016
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1326
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 11
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw040
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/159075/159075.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ly, V.
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
AU  - Brazil, I.A.
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/158615
AB  - Instrumental or goal-directed aggression is a core feature in violent offenders with psychopathic tendencies. To understand this type of behavior, previous work in the field of aggression has focused on affective processing, with mixed results. We propose that instrumental aggression is best understood in terms of the consequences of affective processing for instrumental behavior rather than affective processing per se. Therefore, we assessed the degree of affective biasing of instrumental action in a group of violent offenders with psychopathic tendencies and healthy controls using a validated affective decision-making task. Participants learned whole body approach-avoidance actions upon instrumental targets based on monetary feedback, while being primed by aversive versus appetitive facial stimuli. Unlike controls, instrumental behavior in violent offenders was not influenced by the affective stimuli. Specifically, violent offenders showed reduced instrumental avoidance in the context of aversive (vs. appetitive) stimuli relative to controls. This finding suggests that reduced affective biasing of instrumental behavior may underlie the behavioral anomalies observed in violent offenders with psychopathic tendencies. More generally, the finding underscores the relevance of examining the interaction between affect and instrumental behavior for a better understanding of dysfunctional behaviors in psychiatric populations.
TI  - Reduced transfer of affective value to instrumental behavior in violent offenders
EP  - 663
SN  - 0021-843X
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 657
JF  - Journal of Abnormal Psychology
VL  - vol. 125
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000166
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maris, E.G.G.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Ede, F.L. van
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/155903
AB  - Neuronal oscillations at nearby sites in the brain often show phase relations that are consistent across time, yet diverse across space. We discuss recent demonstrations of this phase relation diversity, and show that, contrary to earlier beliefs, this diversity is a general property of oscillations that is neither restricted to low-frequency oscillations nor to periods outside of stimulus processing. Arguing for the computational relevance of phase relation diversity, we discuss that it can be modulated by sensory and motor events, and put forward the idea that phase relation diversity may support effective neuronal communication by (i) enhancing selectivity and (ii) allowing for the concurrent segregation of multiple information streams.
TI  - Diverse phase relations among neuronal rhythms and their potential function
EP  - 99
SN  - 0166-2236
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 86
JF  - Trends in Neurosciences
VL  - vol. 39
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2015.12.004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vollebregt, M.A.
AU  - Zumer, J.
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Zumer, J.M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/158855
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize alpha modulations in children with ADHD in relation to their attentional performance. METHODS: The posterior alpha activity (8-12Hz) was measured in 30 typically developing children and 30 children with ADHD aged 7-10years, using EEG while they performed a visuospatial covert attention task. We focused the analyses on typically developing boys (N=9) and boys with ADHD (N=17). RESULTS: Alpha activity in typically developing boys was similar to previous results of healthy adults: it decreased in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended hemifield, whereas it relatively increased in the other hemisphere. However, in boys with ADHD this hemispheric lateralization in the alpha band was not obvious (group contrast, p=.018). A robust relation with behavioral performance was lacking in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to modulate alpha oscillations in visual regions with the allocation of spatial attention was clearly present in typically developing boys, but not in boys with ADHD. SIGNIFICANCE: These results open up the possibility to further study the underlying mechanisms of ADHD by examining how differences in the fronto-striatal network might explain different abilities in modulating the alpha band activity.
TI  - Posterior alpha oscillations reflect attentional problems in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
EP  - 2191
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 2182
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 127
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Volman, I.A.C.
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167111
AB  - Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their controlled goal-directed aggressive behavior. Yet, during social challenges, they often show uncontrolled emotional behavior. Healthy individuals can control their social emotional behavior through anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) downregulation of neural activity in the amygdala, with testosterone modulating aPFC-amygdala coupling. This study tests whether individual differences in this neuroendocrine system relate to the paradoxical lack of emotional control observed in human psychopathic offenders. Emotional control was operationalized with an fMRI-adapted approach-avoidance task requiring rule-driven control over rapid emotional responses. Fifteen psychopathic offenders and 19 matched healthy control subjects made approaching and avoiding movements in response to emotional faces. Control of social emotional behavior was required during affect-incongruent trials, when participants had to override affect-congruent, automatic action tendencies and select the opposite response. Psychopathic offenders showed less control-related aPFC activity and aPFC-amygdala coupling during trials requiring control of emotional actions, when compared with healthy control subjects. This pattern was particularly pronounced in psychopathic individuals with high endogenous testosterone levels. These findings suggest that reduced prefrontal coordination underlies reduced behavioral control in psychopathic offenders during emotionally provoking situations. Even though the modest sample size warrants replication, the modulatory role of endogenous testosterone on the aPFC-amygdala circuit suggests a neurobiological substrate of individual differences that is relevant for the advancement of treatment and the reduction of recidivism.
TI  - Testosterone modulates altered prefrontal control of emotional actions in psychopathic offenders
SN  - 2373-2822
IS  - iss. 1
JF  - eNeuro
VL  - vol. 3
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0107-15.2016
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/167111/167111.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, I.
AU  - Holstein, M.G.A. van
AU  - Mies, G.W.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Cillessen, A.H.
AU  - Krebs, R.M.
AU  - Scheres, A.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/166501
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by cognitive deficits (e.g., interference control) and altered reward processing. Cognitive control is influenced by incentive motivation and according to current theoretical models, ADHD is associated with abnormal interactions between incentive motivation and cognitive control. However, the neural mechanisms by which reward modulates cognitive control in individuals with ADHD are unknown. METHOD: We used event-related functional resonance imaging (fMRI) to study neural responses during a rewarded Stroop color-word task in adolescents (14-17 years) with ADHD (n = 25; 19 boys) and healthy controls (n = 33; 22 boys). RESULTS: Adolescents with ADHD showed increased reward signaling within the superior frontal gyrus and ventral striatum (VS) relative to controls. Importantly, functional connectivity analyses revealed a hyperconnectivity between VS and motor control regions in the ADHD group, as a function of reward-cognitive control integration. Connectivity was associated with performance improvement in controls but not in the ADHD group, suggesting inefficient connectivity. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with ADHD show increased neural sensitivity to rewards and its interactions with interference control in VS and motor regions, respectively. The findings support theoretical models of altered reward-cognitive control integration in individuals with ADHD.
TI  - Ventral striatal hyperconnectivity during rewarded interference control in adolescents with ADHD
EP  - 236
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 225
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 82
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167794
AB  - IMPORTANCE: Gait and cognition have been related to mortality in population-based studies. This association is possibly mediated by cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which has been associated with mortality as well. It is unknown which factors can predict mortality in individuals with SVD. Identification of high-risk patients may provide insight into factors that reflect their vital health status. OBJECTIVES: To assess mortality in patients with cerebral SVD and identify potential clinical and/or imaging factors associated with mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective, single-center cohort study was conducted. The present investigation is embedded in the Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort (RUN DMC) study. Between January 17, 2006, and February 27, 2007, all participants underwent a cognitive and motor assessment and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including a diffusion tensor imaging sequence to assess microstructural integrity of the white matter. Participants were followed up until their death or November 24, 2014. Participants included 503 older adults with SVD noted on brain imaging. Data analysis was performed from November 26, 2014, to February 2, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Eight-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of 503 participants (mean [SD] age, 65.7 [8.8] years; range, 50-85 years; 284 [56.5%] were male), 80 individuals (15.9%) died during a mean (SD) follow-up of 7.8 (1.5) years. In the final analysis, 494 (98.2%) were included, of whom 78 (15.8%) died. Gait speed, cognitive index, conventional MRI markers of SVD (white matter hyperintensity volume, brain volume, and lacunes), and diffusion measures of the white matter were associated with an 8-year risk of mortality independent of age, sex, and vascular risk factors. The prediction of mortality was determined using Cox proportional hazards models with backward stepwise selection and including age, sex, vascular risk factors, gait speed, cognitive index, MRI, and diffusion measures. Results are reported as hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI). Older age (1.05 per 1-year increase [1.01-1.08]), lower gait speed (1.15 per 0.1-m/s slower gait [1.06-1.24]), lower gray matter volume (0.72 per 1-SD increase [0.55-0.95]), and greater global mean diffusivity of the white matter (1.51 per 1-SD increase [1.19-1.92]) were identified as the main factors associated with mortality. Cognitive index and other conventional SVD markers were not retained in the prediction model. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Gait, cognition, and imaging markers of SVD are associated with 8-year risk of mortality. In the prediction of mortality, an older age, lower gait speed, lower gray matter volume, and greater global mean diffusivity of white matter at baseline best predicted mortality in our population. Further research is needed to investigate the reproducibility of this prediction model and to elucidate the association between the factors identified and mortality.
TI  - Factors Associated With 8-Year Mortality in Older Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort (RUN DMC) Study
EP  - 409
SN  - 2168-6149
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 402
JF  - Jama Neurology
VL  - vol. 73
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4560
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Dwyer, L.G.
AU  - Tanner, C.
AU  - Dongen, E.V. van
AU  - Greven, C.U.
AU  - Bralten, J.B.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Rommelse, N.N.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/167381
AB  - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms frequently occur in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While there is evidence that both ADHD and ASD have differential structural brain correlates, knowledge of the structural brain profile of individuals with ADHD with raised ASD symptoms is limited. The presence of ASD-like symptoms was measured by the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) in a sample of typically developing controls (n = 154), participants with ADHD (n = 239), and their unaffected siblings (n = 144) between the ages of 8 and 29. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates of ASD ratings were analysed by studying the relationship between ASD ratings and grey matter volumes using mixed effects models which controlled for ADHD symptom count and total brain volume. ASD ratings were significantly elevated in participants with ADHD relative to controls and unaffected siblings. For the entire group (participants with ADHD, unaffected siblings and TD controls), mixed effect models revealed that the left caudate nucleus volume was negatively correlated with ASD ratings (t = 2.83; P = 0.005). The current findings are consistent with the role of the caudate nucleus in executive function, including the selection of goals based on the evaluation of action outcomes and the use of social reward to update reward representations. There is a specific volumetric profile associated with subclinical ASD-like symptoms in participants with ADHD, unaffected siblings and controls with the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus being of critical importance in predicting the level of ASD-like symptoms in all three groups.
TI  - Decreased Left Caudate Volume Is Associated with Increased Severity of Autistic-Like Symptoms in a Cohort of ADHD Patients and Their Unaffected Siblings
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 11
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 11
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165620
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/167381/167381.PDF?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, A.G.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/145415
AB  - There is a growing literature investigating the relationship between oscillatory neural dynamics measured using electroencephalography (EEG) and/or magnetoencephalography (MEG), and sentence-level language comprehension. Recent proposals have suggested a strong link between predictive coding accounts of the hierarchical flow of information in the brain, and oscillatory neural dynamics in the beta and gamma frequency ranges. We propose that findings relating beta and gamma oscillations to sentence-level language comprehension might be unified under such a predictive coding account. Our suggestion is that oscillatory activity in the beta frequency range may reflect both the active maintenance of the current network configuration responsible for representing the sentence-level meaning under construction, and the top-down propagation of predictions to hierarchically lower processing levels based on that representation. In addition, we suggest that oscillatory activity in the low and middle gamma range reflect the matching of top-down predictions with bottom-up linguistic input, while evoked high gamma might reflect the propagation of bottom-up prediction errors to higher levels of the processing hierarchy. We also discuss some of the implications of this predictive coding framework, and we outline ideas for how these might be tested experimentally. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TI  - A predictive coding framework for rapid neural dynamics during sentence-level language comprehension
EP  - 168
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 155
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engelmann, J.B.
AU  - Meyer, F.
AU  - Fehr, E.
AU  - Ruff, C.C.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/140086
TI  - Anticipatory anxiety disrupts neural valuation during risky choice
EP  - 3099
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 3085
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2880-14.2015
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/140086/140086.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landau, A.N.
AU  - Schreyer, H.M.
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/144470
TI  - Distributed attention is implemented through theta-rhythmic gamma modulation
EP  - 2337
SN  - 0960-9822
IS  - iss. 17
SP  - 2332
JF  - Current Biology
VL  - vol. 25
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.048
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Fallon, S.J.
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/150739
AB  - RATIONALE: Methylphenidate, the most common treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is increasingly used by healthy individuals as a "smart drug" to enhance cognitive abilities like attention. A key feature of (selective) attention is the ability to ignore irrelevant but salient information in the environment (distractors). Although crucial for cognitive performance, until now, it is not known how the use of methylphenidate affects resistance to attentional capture by distractors. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to clarify how methylphenidate affects distractor suppression in healthy individuals. METHODS: The effect of methylphenidate (20 mg) on distractor suppression was assessed in healthy subjects (N = 20), in a within-subject double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. We used a visuospatial attention task with target faces flanked by strong (faces) or weak distractors (scrambled faces). Results : Methylphenidate increased accuracy on trials that required gender identification of target face stimuli (methylphenidate 88.9 +/- 1.4 [mean +/- SEM], placebo 86.0 +/- 1.2 %; p = .003), suggesting increased processing of the faces. At the same time, however, methylphenidate increased reaction time when the target face was flanked by a face distractor relative to a scrambled face distractor (methylphenidate 34.9 +/- 3.73, placebo 26.7 +/- 2.84 ms; p = .027), suggesting enhanced attentional capture by distractors with task-relevant features. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that methylphenidate amplifies salience of task-relevant information at the level of the stimulus category. This leads to enhanced processing of the target (faces) but also increased attentional capture by distractors drawn from the same category as the target.
TI  - Methylphenidate alters selective attention by amplifying salience
EP  - 4323
SN  - 0033-3158
IS  - iss. 23
SP  - 4317
JF  - Psychopharmacologia
VL  - vol. 232
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4059-y
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bonnefond, M.
AU  - Riboli-Sasco, L.
AU  - Sescousse, G.T.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/152667
TI  - Repainting citizen science
SN  - 0036-8075
IS  - iss. 6260
SP  - 518
JF  - Science
VL  - vol. 350
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6260.518-b
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ven, F. van der
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Segers, P.C.J.
AU  - Verhoeven, L.T.W.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/141083
AB  - According to the complementary learning systems (CLS) account of word learning, novel words are rapidly acquired (learning system 1), but slowly integrated into the mental lexicon (learning system 2). This two-step learning process has been shown to apply to novel word forms. In this study, we investigated whether novel word meanings are also gradually integrated after acquisition by measuring the extent to which newly learned words were able to prime semantically related words at two different time points. In addition, we investigated whether modality at study modulates this integration process. Sixty-four adult participants studied novel words together with written or spoken definitions. These words did not prime semantically related words directly following study, but did so after a 24-hour delay. This significant increase in the magnitude of the priming effect suggests that semantic integration occurs over time. Overall, words that were studied with a written definition showed larger priming effects, suggesting greater integration for the written study modality. Although the process of integration, reflected as an increase in the priming effect over time, did not significantly differ between study modalities, words studied with a written definition showed the most prominent positive effect after a 24-hour delay. Our data suggest that semantic integration requires time, and that studying in written format benefits semantic integration more than studying in spoken format. These findings are discussed in light of the CLS theory of word learning.
TI  - Learning word meanings: Overnight integration and study modality effects
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 5
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 10
PS  - 18 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124926
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/141083/141083.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maas, R.P.
AU  - Gaalen, J. van
AU  - Klockgether, T.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154230
AB  - The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of degenerative diseases of the cerebellum and connected regions. The discovery of various SCA genes and the subsequent possibility of predictive testing currently allow a genetic diagnosis to be established years or even decades before the actual appearance of ataxia symptoms. A growing body of evidence, however, indicates that this preclinical stage is subject to the earliest pathophysiologic changes. This review article comprehensively summarizes the studies conducted in preclinical carriers of a mutation in one of the SCA genes. From these data, it can indeed be concluded that the preclinical phase in SCA is already characterized by detectable central and peripheral nervous system changes, which are reflected by subtle abnormalities during a careful clinical examination, changes in structural and functional brain imaging, abnormal neurophysiologic measurements, and/or altered motor learning paradigms. As these may be compensated for a long time, ataxia symptoms probably only appear after a certain threshold of dysfunction or degeneration has been exceeded. Detailed knowledge of this disease stage is of particular relevance for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCAs, will allow us to determine the optimal point in time for interventions in future therapeutic trials, and points to objective, valid biomarkers to assess disease progression. Further studies will benefit from a consensus-based definition of the preclinical stage, from using one and the same validated ataxia rating scale with one fixed cutoff value, and from applying similar mathematical models to calculate time to predicted disease onset.
TI  - The preclinical stage of spinocerebellar ataxias
EP  - 103
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 96
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 85
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001711
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meijer, F.J.A.
AU  - Rumund, A. van
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Aerts, M.B.
AU  - Titulaer, I.
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
AU  - Góraj, B.M.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154877
AB  - The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the diagnostic accuracy of 3 T brain MRI is improved by region of interest (ROI) measures of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to differentiate between neurodegenerative atypical parkinsonism (AP) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in early stage parkinsonism.We performed a prospective observational cohort study of 60 patients presenting with early stage parkinsonism and initial uncertain diagnosis. At baseline, patients underwent a 3 T brain MRI including DTI. After clinical follow-up (mean 28.3 months), diagnoses could be made in 49 patients (30 PD and 19 AP). Conventional brain MRI was evaluated for regions of atrophy and signal intensity changes. Tract-based spatial statistics and ROI analyses of DTI were performed to analyze group differences in mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), and diagnostic thresholds were determined. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional brain MRI and DTI was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Significantly higher MD of the centrum semiovale, body corpus callosum, putamen, external capsule, midbrain, superior cerebellum, and superior cerebellar peduncles was found in AP. Significantly increased MD of the putamen was found in multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian form (MSA-P) and increased MD in the midbrain and superior cerebellar peduncles in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The diagnostic accuracy of brain MRI to identify AP as a group was not improved by ROI measures of MD, though the diagnostic accuracy to identify MSA-P was slightly increased (AUC 0.82 to 0.85).The diagnostic accuracy of brain MRI to identify AP as a group was not improved by the current analysis approach to DTI, though DTI measures could be of added value to identify AP subgroups.
TI  - Conventional 3T brain MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnostic workup of early stage parkinsonism
EP  - 669
SN  - 0028-3940
SP  - 655
JF  - Neuroradiology
VL  - vol. 57
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-1515-7
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/154877/154877.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zach, H.
AU  - Janssen, A.M.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Ferraye, M.U.
AU  - Auff, E.
AU  - Weerdesteyn, V.G.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Nonnekes, J.H.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/152331
AB  - BACKGROUND: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and debilitating phenomenon in Parkinson's disease (PD). Wearable accelerometers might help to assess FOG in the research setting. Here, we evaluate whether accelerometry can detect FOG while executing rapid full turns and while walking with rapid short steps (the two most common provoking circumstances for FOG). METHODS: We included 23 PD patients, who all had objective FOG. Participants performed several walking tasks, including walking rapidly with short steps and rapid full turns in both directions with a triaxial linear waist-mounted accelerometer. Two independent experts identified FOG episodes using off-line video-analysis (gold standard). A validated algorithm [ratio between pathological freezing (3-8 Hz)-and normal locomotor frequencies (0.5-3 Hz)] was applied on the accelerometer data to detect FOG episodes. RESULTS: Clinically, FOG was most often observed during full rapid turns (81% of all episodes), followed by walking with short rapid steps (12% of all episodes). During full rapid turns, accelerometry yielded a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 59%. A sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 69% was observed during walking rapidly with small steps. Combining all tasks rendered a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 76%. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that FOG can be detected from a single lumbar accelerometer during several walking tasks, including full rapid turns and walking with short steps rapidly, with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. This approach holds promise for possible implementation as complementary objective outcome in a research setting, but more work remains needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity.
TI  - Identifying freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease during freezing provoking tasks using waist-mounted accelerometry
EP  - 1366
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1362
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 21
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.051
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Ekman, M.
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/139690
AB  - A fundamental assumption in neuroscience is that brain function is constrained by its structural properties. This motivates the idea that the brain can be parcellated into functionally coherent regions based on anatomical connectivity patterns that capture how different areas are interconnected. Several studies have successfully implemented this idea in humans using diffusion weighted MRI, allowing parcellation to be conducted in vivo. Two distinct approaches to connectivity-based parcellation can be identified. The first uses the connection profiles of brain regions as a feature vector, and groups brain regions with similar connection profiles together. Alternatively, one may adopt a network perspective that aims to identify clusters of brain regions that show dense within-cluster and sparse between-cluster connectivity. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model for connectivity-based parcellation that unifies both approaches. Using the model we are able to obtain a parcellation of the human brain whose clusters may adhere to either interpretation. We find that parts of the connectome consistently cluster as densely connected components, while other parts consistently result in clusters with similar connections. Interestingly, the densely connected components consist predominantly of major cortical areas, while the clusters with similar connection profiles consist of regions that have previously been identified as the &#x2018;rich club&#x2019;; regions known for their integrative role in connectivity. Furthermore, the probabilistic model allows quantification of the uncertainty in cluster assignments. We show that, while most clusters are clearly delineated, some regions are more difficult to assign. These results indicate that care should be taken when interpreting connectivity-based parcellations obtained using alternative deterministic procedures.
TI  - Probabilistic clustering of the human connectome identifies communities and hubs
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 1
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 10
PS  - 17 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117179
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/139690/139690.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/151769
TI  - Bayesian estimation of conditional independence graphs improves functional connectivity estimates
SN  - 1553-7358
IS  - iss. 11
JF  - Plos Computational Biology
VL  - vol. 11
PS  - 26 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004534
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/151769/151769.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janssen, L.K.
AU  - Sescousse, G.
AU  - Hashemi, M.M.
AU  - Timmer, M.H.
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153255
AB  - RATIONALE: Pathological gambling has been associated with dopamine transmission abnormalities, in particular dopamine D2-receptor deficiency, and reversal learning deficits. Moreover, pervasive theoretical accounts suggest a key role for dopamine in reversal learning. However, there is no empirical evidence for a direct link between dopamine, reversal learning and pathological gambling. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to triangulate dopamine, reversal learning, and pathological gambling. METHODS: Here, we assess the hypothesis that pathological gambling is accompanied by dopamine-related problems with learning from reward and punishment by investigating effects of the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride (400 mg) on reward- and punishment-based reversal learning in 18 pathological gamblers and 22 healthy controls, using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counter-balanced design. RESULTS: In line with previous studies, blockade of D2 receptors with sulpiride impaired reward versus punishment reversal learning in controls. By contrast, sulpiride did not have any outcome-specific effects in gamblers. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that pathological gambling is associated with a dopamine-related anomaly in reversal learning from reward and punishment.
TI  - Abnormal modulation of reward versus punishment learning by a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist in pathological gamblers
EP  - 3353
SN  - 0033-3158
IS  - iss. 18
SP  - 3345
JF  - Psychopharmacologia
VL  - vol. 232
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3986-y
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/153255/153255.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154451
AB  - Cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunes of presumed vascular origin, is common in elderly people and is related to cognitive impairment and dementia. One possible mechanism could be the disruption of white matter tracts (both within WMH and normal-appearing white matter) that connect distributed brain regions involved in cognitive functions. Here, we investigated the relation between microstructural integrity of the white matter and cognitive functions in patients with small vessel disease. The Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion tensor and Magnetic resonance Cohort study is a prospective cohort study among 444 independently living, non-demented elderly with cerebral small vessel disease, aged between 5500 and 85 years. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scanning and an extensive neuropsychological assessment. We showed that loss of microstructural integrity of the white matter at specific locations was related to specific cognitive disturbances, which was mainly located in the normal-appearing white matter (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected for multiple comparisons). The microstructural integrity in the genu and splenium showed the highest significant relation with global cognitive function and executive functions, in the cingulum bundle with verbal memory performance. Associations between diffusion tensor imaging parameters and most cognitive domains remained present after adjustment for WMH and lacunes. In conclusion, cognitive disturbances in subjects with cerebral small vessel disease are related to microstructural integrity of multiple white matter fibers (within WMH and normal-appearing white matter) connecting different cortical and subcortical regions.
TI  - White matter integrity in small vessel disease is related to cognition
EP  - 524
SN  - 2213-1582
SP  - 518
JF  - Neuroimage. Clinical
VL  - vol. 7
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.003
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/154451/154451.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiang, H.
AU  - Leeuwen, T.M. van
AU  - Dediu, D.
AU  - Roberts, L.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/143347
AB  - Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a longitudinal language learning approach were applied to investigate the relationship between the achieved second language (L2) proficiency during L2 learning and the reorganization of structural connectivity between core language areas. Language proficiency tests and DTI scans were obtained from German students before and after they completed an intensive 6-week course of the Dutch language. In the initial learning stage, with increasing L2 proficiency, the hemispheric dominance of the Brodmann area (BA) 6-temporal pathway (mainly along the arcuate fasciculus) shifted from the left to the right hemisphere. With further increased proficiency, however, lateralization dominance was again found in the left BA6-temporal pathway. This result is consistent with reports in the literature that imply a stronger involvement of the right hemisphere in L2 processing especially for less proficient L2 speakers. This is the first time that an L2 proficiency-dependent laterality shift in the structural connectivity of language pathways during L2 acquisition has been observed to shift from left to right and back to left hemisphere dominance with increasing L2 proficiency. The authors additionally find that changes in fractional anisotropy values after the course are related to the time elapsed between the two scans. The results suggest that structural connectivity in (at least part of) the perisylvian language network may be subject to fast dynamic changes following language learning.
TI  - L2-proficiency-dependent laterality shift in structural connectivity of brain language pathways
EP  - 361
SN  - 2158-0014
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 349
JF  - Brain Connectivity
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2013.0199
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Reid, A.T.
AU  - Shumskaya, A.N.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/140047
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with clinically heterogeneous symptoms that cannot be explained by these lesions alone. It is hypothesized that these lesions are associated with distant cortical atrophy and cortical thickness network measures, which can result in an additional cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated the relationships between WMH, cortical thickness, and cognition in subjects with cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: A total of 426 subjects with cerebral small vessel disease were included, aged between 50 and 85 years, without dementia, and underwent MRI scanning. Cortical thickness analysis was performed, and WMH were manually segmented. Graph theory was applied to examine the relationship between network measures and WMH, and structural covariance matrices were constructed using inter-regional cortical thickness correlations. RESULTS: Higher WMH load was related to lower cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions, whereas in paracentral regions, this was related to higher cortical thickness. Network analyses revealed that measures of network disruption were associated with WMH and cognitive performance. Furthermore, WMH in specific white matter tracts were related to regional-specific cortical thickness and network measures. Cognitive performances were related to cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions and network measures, and not to WMH, while controlling for cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional results suggest that cortical changes (regional-specific damage and network breakdown), mediated (in)directly by WMH (tract-specific damage) and other factors (eg, vascular risk factors), might lead to cognitive decline. These findings have implications in understanding the relationship between WMH, cortical morphology, and the possible attendant cognitive decline and eventually dementia.
TI  - Relationship between white matter hyperintensities, cortical thickness, and cognition
EP  - 432
SN  - 0039-2499
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 425
JF  - Stroke
VL  - vol. 46
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007146
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Reid, A.T.
AU  - Shumskaya, A.N.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153846
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with clinically heterogeneous symptoms that cannot be explained by these lesions alone. It is hypothesized that these lesions are associated with distant cortical atrophy and cortical thickness network measures, which can result in an additional cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated the relationships between WMH, cortical thickness, and cognition in subjects with cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: A total of 426 subjects with cerebral small vessel disease were included, aged between 50 and 85 years, without dementia, and underwent MRI scanning. Cortical thickness analysis was performed, and WMH were manually segmented. Graph theory was applied to examine the relationship between network measures and WMH, and structural covariance matrices were constructed using inter-regional cortical thickness correlations. RESULTS: Higher WMH load was related to lower cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions, whereas in paracentral regions, this was related to higher cortical thickness. Network analyses revealed that measures of network disruption were associated with WMH and cognitive performance. Furthermore, WMH in specific white matter tracts were related to regional-specific cortical thickness and network measures. Cognitive performances were related to cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions and network measures, and not to WMH, while controlling for cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional results suggest that cortical changes (regional-specific damage and network breakdown), mediated (in)directly by WMH (tract-specific damage) and other factors (eg, vascular risk factors), might lead to cognitive decline. These findings have implications in understanding the relationship between WMH, cortical morphology, and the possible attendant cognitive decline and eventually dementia.
TI  - Relationship between white matter hyperintensities, cortical thickness, and cognition
EP  - 432
SN  - 0039-2499
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 425
JF  - Stroke
VL  - vol. 46
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007146
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/147301
AB  - Functional connectivity concerns the correlated activity between neuronal populations in
spatially segregated regions of the brain, which may be studied using functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). This coupled activity is conveniently expressed using covariance,
but this measure fails to distinguish between direct and indirect effects. A popular
alternative that addresses this issue is partial correlation, which regresses out the signal of
potentially confounding variables, resulting in a measure that reveals only direct connections.
Importantly, provided the data are normally distributed, if two variables are conditionally
independent given all other variables, their respective partial correlation is zero. In this
paper, we propose a probabilistic generative model that allows us to estimate functional
connectivity in terms of both partial correlations and a graph representing conditional independencies.
Simulation results show that this methodology is able to outperform the graphical
LASSO, which is the de facto standard for estimating partial correlations. Furthermore,
we apply the model to estimate functional connectivity for twenty subjects using restingstate
fMRI data. Results show that our model provides a richer representation of functional
connectivity as compared to considering partial correlations alone. Finally, we demonstrate
how our approach can be extended in several ways, for instance to achieve data fusion by
informing the conditional independence graph with data from probabilistic tractography. As
our Bayesian formulation of functional connectivity provides access to the posterior distribution
instead of only to point estimates, we are able to quantify the uncertainty associated
with our results. This reveals that while we are able to infer a clear backbone of connectivity
in our empirical results, the data are not accurately described by simply looking at the mode
of the distribution over connectivity. The implication of this is that deterministic alternatives may misjudge connectivity results by drawing conclusions from noisy and limited data.
TI  - Bayesian estimation of conditional independence graphs improves functional connectivity estimates
SN  - 1553-7358
IS  - iss. 11
JF  - Plos Computational Biology
VL  - vol. 11
PS  - 26 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004534
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/147301/147301.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Ekman, M.
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/151771
TI  - Probabilistic clustering of the human connectome identifies communities and hubs
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 1
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 10
PS  - 17 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117179
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/151771/151771.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thielen, J.W.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Rutters, F.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154335
AB  - To test the hypothesis that thalamic midline nuclei play a transient role in memory consolidation, we reanalyzed a prospective functional MRI study, contrasting recent and progressively more remote memory retrieval. We revealed a transient thalamic connectivity increase with the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and a parahippocampal area, which decreased with time. In turn, mPFC-parahippocampal connectivity increased progressively. These findings support a model in which thalamic midline nuclei serve as a hub linking hippocampus, mPFC, and posterior representational areas during memory retrieval at an early (2 h) stage of consolidation, extending classical systems consolidation models by attributing a transient role to midline thalamic nuclei.
TI  - Transient relay function of midline thalamic nuclei during long-term memory consolidation in humans
EP  - 531
SN  - 1072-0502
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 527
JF  - Learning & Memory
VL  - vol. 22
PS  - 5 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.038372.115
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everaerd, D.S.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149357
AB  - Increased amygdala reactivity in response to salient stimuli is seen in patients with affective disorders, in healthy subjects at risk for these disorders, and in stressed individuals, making it a prime target for mechanistic studies into the pathophysiology of affective disorders. However, whereas individual differences in neuroticism are thought to modulate the effect of stress on mental health, the mechanistic link between stress, neuroticism and amygdala responsivity is unknown. Thus, we studied the relationship between experimentally induced stress, individual differences in neuroticism, and amygdala responsivity. To this end, fearful and happy faces were presented to a large cohort of young, healthy males (n=120) in two separate functional MRI sessions (stress versus control) in a randomized, controlled cross-over design. We revealed that amygdala reactivity was modulated by an interaction between the factors of stress, neuroticism, and the emotional valence of the facial stimuli. Follow-up analysis showed that neuroticism selectively enhanced amygdala responses to fearful faces in the stress condition. Thus, we show that stress unmasks an association between neuroticism and amygdala responsivity to potentially threatening stimuli. This effect constitutes a possible mechanistic link within the complex pathophysiology of affective disorders, and our novel approach appears suitable for further studies targeting the underlying mechanisms.
TI  - Association between neuroticism and amygdala responsivity emerges under stressful conditions
EP  - 224
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 218
JF  - NeuroImage
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hadjipapas, A.
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Peter, A.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149726
AB  - Gamma oscillations contribute significantly to the manner in which neural activity is bound into functional assemblies. The mechanisms that underlie the human gamma response, however, are poorly understood. Previous computational models of gamma rely heavily on the results of invasive recordings in animals, and it is difficult to assess whether these models hold in humans. Computational models of gamma predict specific changes in gamma spectral response with increased excitatory drive. Hence, differences and commonalities between spikes, LFPs and MEG in the spectral responses to changes in excitatory drive can lead to a refinement of existing gamma models. We compared gamma spectral responses to varying contrasts in a monkey dataset acquired previously (Roberts et al., 2013) with spectral responses to similar contrast variations in a new human MEG dataset. We found parametric frequency shifts with increasing contrast in human MEG at the single-subject and the single-trial level, analogous to those observed in the monkey. Additionally, we observed parametric modulations of spectral asymmetry, consistent across spikes, LFP and MEG. However, while gamma power scaled linearly with contrast in MEG, it saturated at high contrasts in both the LFP and spiking data. Thus, while gamma frequency changes to varying contrasts were comparable across spikes, LFP and MEG, gamma power changes were not. This indicates that gamma frequency may be a more stable parameter across scales of measurements and species than gamma power. The comparative approach undertaken here represents a fruitful path towards a better understanding of gamma oscillations in the human brain.
TI  - Parametric variation of gamma frequency and power with luminance contrast: A comparative study of human MEG and monkey LFP and spike responses
EP  - 340
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 327
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 112
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.062
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Bosman Vittini, C.A.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/166383
TI  - Areas V1 and V2 show microsaccade-related 3-4 Hz covariation in gamma power and frequency
SN  - 0953-816X
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
N1  - 10 november 2015
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13126
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delnooz, C.C.S.
AU  - Pasman, J.W
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/151738
AB  - Cervical dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary, abnormal movements of the head and neck. Injecting the overactive muscles with botulinum toxin is the gold standard treatment, supported by good evidence (Delnooz and van de Warrenburg in Ther Adv Neurol Disord 5:221-240, 2012). Current views on its pathophysiology support a role for the basal ganglia, although there are probably more widespread abnormalities in brain networks in which the basal ganglia are important nodes. Their precise role in cervical dystonia is unknown. We sought to address this issue by examining alterations in the functional connectivity of the basal ganglia. Using resting-state functional MRI and functional parcellations, we investigated functional connectivity in cervical dystonia patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We mapped connectivity voxel-wise across the striatum and the globus pallidus for a set of brain masks, defined from well-known resting-state networks. Scans were repeated before and after botulinum toxin injections to see whether connectivity abnormalities were perhaps restored. We found that in cervical dystonia (1) the right mid-dorsal putamen and right external globus pallidus have reduced connectivity with a network comprising left fronto-parietal regions; and (2) the bilateral anterior putamen shows a trend towards enhanced connectivity with a network comprising sensorimotor areas. We observed that botulinum toxin treatment induces reorganization between a network comprising mainly (pre)frontal areas and (1) the right mid-ventral striatum and (2) the right external globus pallidus. Cervical dystonia patients have altered functional connectivity between the basal ganglia and some cortical regions that are part of specific brain networks that in part are influenced by botulinum toxin treatment. These connectivity abnormalities may be primary as well as secondary, perhaps compensatory, phenomena.
TI  - Altered striatal and pallidal connectivity in cervical dystonia
EP  - 523
SN  - 1863-2653
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 513
JF  - Brain Structure and Function
VL  - vol. 220
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-013-0671-y
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro Schröder, T.
AU  - Haak, K.V.
AU  - Zaragoza Jimenez, N.I.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Doeller, C.F.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149187
TI  - Functional topography of the human entorhinal cortex
SN  - 2050-084X
JF  - Elife
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06738
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/149187/149187.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Niermann, H.C.M.
AU  - Ly, V.
AU  - Smeekens, S.
AU  - Figner, B.
AU  - Riksen-Walraven, J.M.A.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149521
AB  - Early life-stress, particularly maternal deprivation, is associated with long-lasting deviations in animals&#x2019; freezing responses. Given the relevance of freezing for stress-coping, translational research is needed to examine the relation between insecure infant-parent attachment and bodily freezing-like behavior in humans. Therefore, we investigated threat-related reductions in body sway (indicative of freezing-like behavior) in 14-year-old adolescents (N = 79), for whom attachment security was earlier assessed in infancy. As expected, insecure (vs. secure) attachment was associated with less body sway for angry vs. neutral faces. This effect remained when controlling for intermediate life events. These results suggest that the long-lasting effects of early negative caregiving experiences on the human stress and threat systems extend to the primary defensive reaction of freezing. Additionally, we replicated earlier work in adults, by observing a significant correlation (in adolescents assessed as securely attached) between subjective state anxiety and reduced body sway in response to angry vs. neutral faces. Together, this research opens venues to start exploring the role of freezing in the development of human psychopathology.
TI  - Infant attachment predicts bodily freezing in adolescence: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study
SN  - 1662-5153
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 9
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00263
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/149521/149521.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lojowska, M.
AU  - Gladwin, T.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/152241
AB  - Freezing is an evolutionarily preserved defensive behavior, characterized by immobility and heart rate deceleration, which is thought to promote visual perception. Rapid perceptual assessment of threat is crucial in life-threatening situations; for example, when policemen need to make split-second decisions about the use of deadly force. Here, we hypothesized that freezing is specifically associated with better perception of rapidly processed coarse, low-spatial frequency (LSF) features. We used a visual discrimination task in which participants determined the orientation of LSF and high-spatial frequency (HSF) gratings under threat of shock and safe conditions. As predicted, threat anticipation improved perception of LSF at the expense of HSF gratings. Crucially, stronger decrease in heart rate, a parasympathetic physiological index of freezing, was linked to better perception of LSF. These results provide empirical evidence for the comobilization of physiological and perceptual processes, which may play an important role in decision making under acute stress. (PsycINFO Database Record
TI  - Freezing promotes perception of coarse visual features
EP  - 1088
SN  - 0096-3445
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1080
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology - General
VL  - vol. 144
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000117
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brunet, N.M.J.J.C.
AU  - Bosman, C.A.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149965
TI  - Visual Cortical Gamma-Band Activity During Free Viewing of Natural Images
EP  - 926
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 918
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 25
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht280
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ouden, H.E.M. den
AU  - Swart, J.C.
AU  - Schmidt, K.
AU  - Fekkes, D.
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153477
AB  - RATIONALE: The neurotransmitter serotonin has long been implicated in the motivational control of behaviour. Recent theories propose that the role of serotonin can be understood in terms of an interaction between a motivational and a behavioural activation axis. Experimental support for these ideas, however, has been mixed. OBJECTIVES: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the role of serotonin (5HT) in behavioural vigour as a function of incentive motivation. METHODS: We employed dietary acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) to lower the 5HT precursor tryptophan during the performance of a speeded visual discrimination task. Feedback valence and feedback probability were manipulated independently and cued prior to target onset. On feedback trials, fast correct responses led to either reward or avoidance of punishment, while slow or incorrect responses led to reward omission or punishment. RESULTS: We show that behavioural responding is inhibited under high incentive motivation (i.e. high-feedback probability) at baseline 5HT levels and that lowering these leads to behavioural disinhibition, while leaving accuracy unaffected. Surprisingly, there were no differential effects of motivational valence, with 5HT depletion releasing behavioural inhibition under both appetitive and aversive motivation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings extend current theories on the role of 5HT in behavioural inhibition by showing that reductions in serotonin lead to increased behavioural vigour only if there is a motivational drive to inhibit behaviour at baseline.
TI  - Acute serotonin depletion releases motivated inhibition of response vigour
EP  - 1312
SN  - 0033-3158
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1303
JF  - Psychopharmacologia
VL  - vol. 232
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3762-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woerd, E.S. te
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Praamstra, P.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/151750
AB  - The basal ganglia play an important role in beat perception and patients with Parkinson&#x2019;s disease (PD) are impaired in perception of beat-based rhythms. Rhythmic cues are nonetheless beneficial in gait rehabilitation, raising the question how rhythm improves movement in PD. We addressed this question with magnetoencephalography recordings during a choice response task with rhythmic and non-rhythmic modes of stimulus presentation. Analyses focused on (i) entrainment of slow oscillations, (ii) the depth of beta power modulation, and (iii) whether a gain in modulation depth of beta power, due to rhythmicity, is of predictive or reactive nature. The results show weaker phase synchronisation of slow oscillations and a relative shift from predictive to reactive movement-related beta suppression in PD. Nonetheless, rhythmic stimulus presentation increased beta modulation depth to the same extent in patients and controls. Critically, this gain selectively increased the predictive and not reactive movement-related beta power suppression. Operation of a predictive mechanism, induced by rhythmic stimulation, was corroborated by a sensory gating effect in the sensorimotor cortex. The predictive mode of cue utilisation points to facilitation of basal ganglia-premotor interactions, contrasting with the popular view that rhythmic stimulation confers a special advantage in PD, based on recruitment of alternative pathways.
TI  - Effects of rhythmic stimulus presentation on oscillatory brain activity: the physiology of cueing in Parkinson&#x2019;s disease
EP  - 309
SN  - 2213-1582
SP  - 300
JF  - Neuroimage. Clinical
VL  - vol. 9
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.018
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/151750/151750.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Francken, J.C.
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/150144
AB  - Previous studies have shown that language can modulate visual perception, by biasing and/or enhancing perceptual performance. However, it is still debated where in the brain visual and linguistic information are integrated, and whether the effects of language on perception are automatic and persist even in the absence of awareness of the linguistic material. Here, we aimed to explore the automaticity of language-perception interactions and the neural loci of these interactions in an fMRI study. Participants engaged in a visual motion discrimination task (upward or downward moving dots). Before each trial, a word prime was briefly presented that implied upward or downward motion (e.g., "rise", "fall"). These word primes strongly influenced behavior: congruent motion words sped up reaction times and improved performance relative to incongruent motion words. Neural congruency effects were only observed in the left middle temporal gyrus, showing higher activity for congruent compared to incongruent conditions. This suggests that higher-level conceptual areas rather than sensory areas are the locus of language-perception interactions. When motion words were rendered unaware by means of masking, they still affected visual motion perception, suggesting that language-perception interactions may rely on automatic feed-forward integration of perceptual and semantic material in language areas of the brain.
TI  - Exploring the automaticity of language-perception interactions: Effects of attention and awareness
SN  - 2045-2322
JF  - Scientific Reports
VL  - vol. 5
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17725
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/150144/150144.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vollebregt, M.A.
AU  - Zumer, J.
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Castricum, J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Zumer, J.M.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149200
AB  - The evidence for a functionally inhibitory role of alpha oscillations is growing stronger, mostly derived from studies in healthy adults investigating spatial attention. It remains unexplored if the modulation of alpha band oscillations plays a similar functional role in typically developing children. The aim of this study was to characterize alpha modulations in children in relation to attentional performance. To this end, the posterior alpha activity (8-12Hz) in children between 7 and 10years old was measured using EEG while they performed a visuospatial covert attention task. We found that the alpha activity decreased in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended hemifield, whereas it relatively increased in the other hemisphere. In addition, we found that the degree of lateralized alpha modulation predicted performance on the attention task by negatively predicting the response time on invalid trials. Of note, children who were behaviorally less influenced by spatial cueing also were children with a clear lateralized alpha modulation pattern, with a significantly stronger alpha lateralization in the left hemisphere than children who were influenced more by spatial cueing. In addition, a bias to the right visual field such as that commonly observed in children, was significantly smaller or absent in the children influenced least by spatial cueing. Among all children, the magnitude of this visual field bias was positively related to the ability to modulate alpha activity. In conclusion, we have shown that the pattern of alpha oscillations modulated by attention is already present in 7-10year old typically developing children. Although a similar pattern is observed in adults, the consequences for behavior are different. The fact that alpha modulation is already present at this age opens up the possibility of using hemispheric alpha lateralization as a tool to study the physiological basis of attention deficits in clinical disorders such as ADHD.
TI  - Lateralized modulation of posterior alpha oscillations in children
EP  - 252
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 245
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 123
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.054
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Navarro Schröder, T.
AU  - Oplaat, K.T.
AU  - Krugers, H.J.
AU  - Oitzl, M.S.
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Döller, C.F.A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168883
TI  - A stress-induced shift in spatial memory systems depends on the availability of the mineralocorticoid receptor in humans
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 9 Suppl.
SP  - 333S
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 77
PS  - 1 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Oplaat, K.T.
AU  - Krugers, H.J.
AU  - Oitzl, M.S.
AU  - Joels, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/152028
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fear learning in stressful situations is highly adaptive for survival by steering behavior in subsequent situations, but fear learning can become disproportionate in vulnerable individuals. Despite the potential clinical significance, the mechanism by which stress modulates fear learning is poorly understood. Memory theories state that stress can cause a shift away from more controlled processing depending on the hippocampus toward more reflexive processing supported by the amygdala and striatum. This shift may be mediated by activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) for cortisol. We investigated how stress shifts processes underlying cognitively demanding learning versus less demanding fear learning using a combined trace and delay fear conditioning paradigm. METHODS: In a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we tested 101 healthy men probing the effects of stress (socially evaluated cold pressor vs. control procedure) and MR-availability (400 mg spironolactone vs. placebo) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, full-factorial, between-subjects design. RESULTS: Effective stress induction and successful conditioning were confirmed by subjective, physiologic, and somatic data. In line with a stress-induced shift, stress enhanced later recall of delay compared with trace conditioning in the MR-available groups as indexed by skin conductance responses. During learning, this was accompanied by a stress-induced reduction of learning-related hippocampal activity for trace conditioning. The stress-induced shift in fear and neural processing was absent in the MR-blocked groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in line with a stress-induced shift in fear learning, mediated by the MR, resulting in a dominance of cognitively less demanding amygdala-based learning, which might be particularly prominent in individuals with high MR sensitivity.
TI  - A stress-induced shift from trace to delay conditioning depends on the mineralocorticoid receptor
EP  - 839
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 830
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 78
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Hadjipapas, A.
AU  - Peter, A.S.
AU  - Eerden, J.P.J.M. van der
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149755
TI  - Input-Dependent Frequency Modulation of Cortical Gamma Oscillations Shapes Spatial Synchronization and Enables Phase Coding
SN  - 1553-7358
IS  - iss. 2
JF  - Plos Computational Biology
VL  - vol. 11
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004072
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/149755/149755.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Holstein, M.G.A. van
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Onnink, A.M.H.
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/141121
AB  - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by impairments in cognitive control, such as task-switching deficits. We investigated whether such problems, and their remediation by medication, reflect abnormal reward motivation and associated striatal dopamine transmission in ADHD. We used functional genetic neuroimaging to assess the effects of dopaminergic medication and reward motivation on task-switching and striatal BOLD signal in 23 adults with ADHD, ON and OFF methylphenidate, and 26 healthy controls. Critically, we took into account interindividual variability in striatal dopamine by exploiting a common genetic polymorphism (3'-UTR VNTR) in the DAT1 gene coding for the dopamine transporter. The results showed a highly significant group by genotype interaction in the striatum. This was because a subgroup of patients with ADHD showed markedly exaggerated effects of reward on the striatal BOLD signal during task-switching when they were OFF their dopaminergic medication. Specifically, patients carrying the 9R allele showed a greater striatal signal than healthy controls carrying this allele, whereas no effect of diagnosis was observed in 10R homozygotes. Aberrant striatal responses were normalized when 9R-carrying patients with ADHD were ON medication. These pilot data indicate an important role for aberrant reward motivation, striatal dopamine and interindividual genetic differences in cognitive processes in adult ADHD. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
TI  - Reward modulation of cognitive function in adult ADHD: A pilot study on the role of striatal dopamine
EP  - 2
SN  - 0955-8810
SP  - 1
JF  - Behavioural Pharmacology
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000116
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/141121/141121.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Francx, W.C.L.
AU  - Oldehinkel, M.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/145324
AB  - AbstractBackground One neurodevelopmental theory hypothesizes remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to result from improved prefrontal top-down control, while ADHD, independent of the current diagnosis, is characterized by stable non-cortical deficits (Halperin &amp; Schulz, 2006). We tested this theory using resting state functional MRI (fMRI) data in a large sample of adolescents with remitting ADHD, persistent ADHD, and healthy controls. Methods Participants in this follow-up study were 100 healthy controls and 129 adolescents with ADHD combined type at baseline (mean age at baseline 11.8 years; at follow-up 17.5 years). Diagnostic information was collected twice and augmented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning at follow-up. We used resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the executive control network to investigate whether improved prefrontal top-down control was related to a developmental decrease in ADHD symptoms. In addition, we tested whether non-cortical RSFC, i.e., cerebellar and striatal RSFC, was aberrant in persistent and/or remittent ADHD compared to controls. Results Higher connectivity within frontal regions (anterior cingulate cortex) of the executive control network was related to decreases in ADHD symptoms. This association was driven by change in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and not by change in inattention. Participants with remitting ADHD showed stronger RSFC than controls within this network, while persistent ADHD cases exhibited RSFC strengths intermediate to remittent ADHD cases and controls. Cerebellar and subcortical RSFC did not differ between participants with ADHD and controls. Conclusions In line with the neurodevelopmental theory, symptom recovery in ADHD was related to stronger integration of prefrontal regions in the executive control network. The pattern of RSFC strength across remittent ADHD, persistent ADHD, and healthy controls potentially reflects the presence of compensatory neural mechanisms that aid symptomatic remission.
TI  - The executive control network and symptomatic improvement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
EP  - 72
SN  - 0010-9452
SP  - 62
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 73
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Jacobs, L.C.A.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/144516
TI  - Predictors of mortality in cerebral small vessel disease patients: The run dmc study
EP  - 373
SN  - 1747-4930
IS  - iss. Suppl.2
SP  - 373
JF  - International Journal of Stroke
VL  - vol. 10
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12479
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Shumskaya, A.N.
AU  - Dijk, E.
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Laat, K. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/144540
TI  - Associations between structural network connectivity, gait and cognition in small vessel disease
EP  - 373
SN  - 1747-4930
IS  - iss. Suppl.2
SP  - 373
JF  - International Journal of Stroke
VL  - vol. 10
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12479
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaapsmeerders, P.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Maaijwee, N.A.M.M.
AU  - Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A.
AU  - Arntz, R.M.
AU  - Schoonderwaldt, H.C.
AU  - Dorresteijn, L.D.A.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/152438
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Memory impairment after stroke is poorly understood as stroke rarely occurs in the hippocampus. Previous studies have observed smaller ipsilateral hippocampal volumes after stroke compared with controls. Possibly, these findings on macroscopic level are not the first occurrence of structural damage and are preceded by microscopic changes that may already be associated with a worse memory function. We therefore examined the relationship between hippocampal integrity, volume, and memory performance long after first-ever ischemic stroke in young adults. METHODS: We included all consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients, without hippocampal strokes or recurrent stroke/TIA, aged 18-50 years, admitted to our academic hospital between 1980 and 2010. One hundred and forty-six patients underwent T1 MPRAGE, DTI scanning and completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and were compared with 84 stroke-free controls. After manual correction of hippocampal automatic segmentation, we calculated mean hippocampal fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (MD). RESULTS: On average 10 years after ischemic stroke, lesion volume was associated with lower ipsilateral hippocampal integrity (p<0.05), independent of hippocampal volume. In patients with a normal ipsilateral hippocampal volume (volume is less than or equal to 1.5 SD below the mean volume of controls) significant differences in ipsilateral hippocampal MD were observed (p<0.0001). However, patients with a normal hippocampal volume and high hippocampal MD did not show a worse memory performance compared with patients with a normal volume and low hippocampal MD (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with average ipsilateral hippocampal volume could already have lower ipsilateral hippocampal integrity, although at present with no attendant worse memory performance compared with patients with high hippocampal integrity. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether a low hippocampal integrity after stroke might lead to exacerbated memory decline with increasing age.
TI  - Lower ipsilateral hippocampal integrity after ischemic stroke in young adults: A long-term follow-up study
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 10
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139772
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/152438/152438.PDF?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Francx, W.C.L.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.J.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Faraone, S.V
AU  - O'Dwyer, L.G.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154452
AB  - Background A developmental improvement of symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is frequently reported, but the underlying neurobiological substrate has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether white matter microstructure is related to developmental improvement of ADHD symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis was embedded in a prospective follow-up of an adolescent cohort of ADHD and control subjects (NeuroIMAGE). Mean age at baseline was 11.9 years, mean interval of follow-up was 5.9 years. About 75.3% of the original cohort was retained successfully. Data of 101 participants with ADHD combined type at baseline and 40 healthy controls were analysed. ADHD symptoms were measured with semistructured, investigator-based interviews and Conners' questionnaires, on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) indices of white matter microstructure were measured using whole brain diffusion tensor imaging at follow-up only. In a dimensional analysis FA and MD were related to change in ADHD symptoms. To link this analysis to DSM-IV diagnoses, a post hoc categorical group analysis was conducted comparing participants with persistent (n = 59) versus remittent (n = 42) ADHD and controls. Results Over time, participants with ADHD showed improvement mainly in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. This improvement was associated with lower FA and higher MD values in the left corticospinal tract at follow-up. Findings of the dimensional and the categorical analysis strongly converged. Changes in inattentive symptoms over time were minimal and not related to white matter microstructure. Conclusions The corticospinal tract is important in the control of voluntary movements, suggesting the importance of the motor system in the persistence of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.
TI  - White matter microstructure and developmental improvement of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
EP  - 1297
SN  - 0021-9630
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1289
JF  - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
VL  - vol. 56
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12379
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaapsmeerders, P.
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Maaijwee, N.A.M.M.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.A.
AU  - Arntz, R.M.
AU  - Schoonderwaldt, H.C.
AU  - Dorresteijn, L.D.A.
AU  - Leeuw, H.F. de
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153229
AB  - Memory impairment after stroke in young adults is poorly understood. In elderly stroke survivors memory impairments and the concomitant loss of hippocampal volume are usually explained by coexisting neurodegenerative disease (e.g., amyloid pathology) in interaction with stroke. However, neurodegenerative disease, such as amyloid pathology, is generally absent at young age. Accumulating evidence suggests that infarction itself may cause secondary neurodegeneration in remote areas. Therefore, we investigated the relation between long-term memory performance and hippocampal volume in young patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. We studied all consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients, aged 18-50 years, admitted to our academic hospital center between 1980 and 2010. Episodic memory of 173 patients was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Rey Complex Figure and compared with 87 stroke-free controls. Hippocampal volume was determined using FSL-FIRST, with manual correction. On average 10 years after stroke, patients had smaller ipsilateral hippocampal volumes compared with controls after left-hemispheric stroke (5.4%) and right-hemispheric stroke (7.7%), with most apparent memory dysfunctioning after left-hemispheric stroke. A larger hemispheric stroke was associated with a smaller ipsilateral hippocampal volume (b=-0.003, P<0.0001). Longer follow-up duration was associated with smaller ipsilateral hippocampal volume after left-hemispheric stroke (b=-0.028 ml, P=0.002) and right-hemispheric stroke (b=-0.015 ml, P=0.03). Our results suggest that infarction is associated with remote injury to the hippocampus, which may lower or expedite the threshold for cognitive impairment or even dementia later in life. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2432-2442, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TI  - Ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy is associated with long-term memory dysfunction after ischemic stroke in young adults
EP  - 2442
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 2432
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 36
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22782
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rhein, D.T. von
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Luman, M.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.J.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Faraone, S.V.
AU  - Rooij, D. van
AU  - Dongen, E.V. van
AU  - Lojowska, M.
AU  - Mennes, M.J.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153149
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neuropsychiatric disorder associated with abnormal reward processing. Limited and inconsistent data exist about the neural mechanisms underlying this abnormality. Furthermore, it is not known whether reward processing is abnormal in unaffected siblings of participants with ADHD. METHOD: We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain responses during reward anticipation and receipt with an adapted monetary incentive delay task in a large sample of adolescents and young adults with ADHD (n = 150), their unaffected siblings (n = 92), and control participants (n = 108), all of the same age. RESULTS: Participants with ADHD showed, relative to control participants, increased responses in the anterior cingulate, anterior frontal cortex, and cerebellum during reward anticipation, and in the orbitofrontal, occipital cortex and ventral striatum. Responses of unaffected siblings were increased in these regions as well, except for the cerebellum during anticipation and ventral striatum during receipt. CONCLUSION: ADHD in adolescents and young adults is associated with enhanced neural responses in frontostriatal circuitry to anticipation and receipt of reward. The findings support models emphasizing aberrant reward processing in ADHD, and suggest that processing of reward is subject to familial influences. Future studies using standard monetary incentive delay task parameters are needed to replicate our findings.
TI  - Increased neural responses to reward in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings
EP  - 402
SN  - 0890-8567
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 394
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 54
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Holst, H.M. van der
AU  - Schaapsmeerders, P.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Claassen, J.A.H.R.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Richard, E.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/151968
AB  - Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher. Dut
TI  - Baseline white matter microstructural integrity is not related to cognitive decline after 5 years: The RUN DMC study
EP  - 114
SN  - 2214-6474
SP  - 108
JF  - Bba Clinical
VL  - vol. 4
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.10.001
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/151968/151968.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Francken, J.C.
AU  - Meijs, E.L.
AU  - Ridderinkhof, O.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Gaal, S. van
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/209788
AB  - Previous studies suggest that linguistic material can modulate visual perception, but it is unclear at which level of processing these interactions occur. Here we aim to dissociate between two competing models of language&#x2013;perception interactions: a feed-forward and a feedback model. We capitalized on the fact that the models make different predictions on the role of feedback. We presented unmasked (aware) or masked (unaware) words implying motion (e.g. &#x201c;rise,&#x201d; &#x201c;fall&#x201d;), directly preceding an upward or downward visual motion stimulus. Crucially, masking leaves intact feed-forward information processing from low- to high-level regions, whereas it abolishes subsequent feedback. Under this condition, participants remained faster and more accurate when the direction implied by the motion word was congruent with the direction of the visual motion stimulus. This suggests that language&#x2013;perception interactions are driven by the feed-forward convergence of linguistic and perceptual information at higher-level conceptual and decision stages.
TI  - Manipulating word awareness dissociates feed-forward from feedback models of language-perception interactions
SN  - 2057-2107
JF  - Neuroscience of Consciousness
VL  - vol. 1
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niv003
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/209788/209788.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Schmits, I.C.
AU  - Roerink, M.E.
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Nater, U.M.
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Knoop, H.
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/153223
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by profound and disabling fatigue with no known somatic explanation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven to be a successful intervention leading to a reduction in fatigue and disability. Based on previous neuroimaging findings, it has been suggested that central neural mechanisms may underlie CFS symptoms and play a role in the change brought on by CBT. In this randomized controlled trial we aim to further investigate the neural mechanisms that underlie fatigue in CFS and their change by CBT. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a randomized controlled trial in which we collect anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures from female CFS patients before and after CBT (N = 60) or waiting list (N = 30) and compare these with measures from age and education matched healthy controls (N = 30). By including a large treatment group we will also be able to compare patients that benefit from CBT with those that do not. In addition, to further investigate the role of endocrine and immune biomarkers in CFS, we will determine cortisol and cytokine concentrations in blood, hair and/or saliva. DISCUSSION: This project creates an unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of CFS symptoms and its change by CBT in terms of neuroanatomical, neurofunctional, endocrinological and immunological mechanisms and can help to further improve future treatments strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial Register #15852. Registered 9 December 2013 ( http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4311 ).
TI  - Investigating neural mechanisms of change of cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (Study protocol)
SN  - 1471-244X
JF  - BMC Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 15
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0515-9
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/153223/153223.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Hoogmoed, A.H. van
PY  - 2014
SN  - 9789461088222
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/132382
PB  - S.l. : s.n.
TI  - Finding your way around: The development of landmark use and its precursors
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 1 december 2014
N1  - Promotores : L.T.W. Verhoeven, P. Hagoort 
Co-promotores : G. Janzen, D. van den Brink
PS  - 129 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/132382/132382.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
PY  - 2014
SN  - 9789462840034
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/130290
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Carrots & Sticks : a neurobehavioral investigation of affective outcome processing in psychopathy
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 24 oktober 2014
N1  - Promotores : R. Cools, J.K. Buitelaar 
Co-promotores : R.J. Verkes, E.R.A. de Bruijn
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/130290/130290.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, J.L.
AU  - Ouden, H.E. den
AU  - Heyes, C.M.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/137077
AB  - Dominant individuals report high levels of self-sufficiency, self-esteem, and authoritarianism. The lay stereotype suggests that such individuals ignore information from others, preferring to make their own choices. However, the nonhuman animal literature presents a conflicting view, suggesting that dominant individuals are avid social learners, whereas subordinates focus on learning from private experience. Whether dominant humans are best characterized by the lay stereotype or the animal view is currently unknown. Here, we present a "social dominance paradox": using self-report scales and computerized tasks, we demonstrate that socially dominant people explicitly value independence, but, paradoxically, in a complex decision-making task, they show an enhanced reliance (relative to subordinate individuals) on social learning. More specifically, socially dominant people employed a strategy of copying other agents when the agents' responses had a history of being correct. However, in humans, two subtypes of dominance have been identified [1]: aggressive and social. Aggressively dominant individuals, who are as likely to "get their own way" as socially dominant individuals but who do so through the use of aggressive or Machiavellian tactics, did not use social information, even when it was beneficial to do so. This paper presents the first study of dominance and social learning in humans and challenges the lay stereotype in which all dominant individuals ignore others' views [2]. The more subtle perspective we offer could have important implications for decision making in both the boardroom and the classroom.
TI  - The social dominance paradox
EP  - 2816
SN  - 0960-9822
IS  - iss. 23
SP  - 2812
JF  - Current Biology
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schröder, A.
AU  - Diepen, R. van
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Petropoulos Petalas, D.
AU  - Soto de Amesti, V.
AU  - Vulink, N.C.
AU  - Denys, D.A.J.P.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/169377
AB  - Misophonia (hatred of sound) is a newly defined psychiatric condition in which ordinary human sounds, such as breathing and eating, trigger impulsive aggression. In the current study we investigated if a dysfunction in the brain&#x2019;s early auditory processing system could be present in misophonia. We screened 20 patients with misophonia with the diagnostic criteria for misophonia, and 14 matched healthy controls without misophonia, and investigated any potential deficits in auditory processing of misophonia patients using auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) during an oddball task.Subjects watched a neutral silent movie while being presented a regular frequency of beep sounds in which oddball tones of 250 Hz and 4000 Hz were randomly embedded in a stream of repeated 1000 Hz standard tones. We examined the P1, N1 and P2 components locked to the onset of the tones.For misophonia patients, the N1 peak evoked by the oddball tones had a smaller mean peak amplitude than the control group. However, no significant differences were found in P1 and P2 components evoked by the oddball tones. There were no significant differences between the misophonia patients and their controls in any of the ERP components to the standard tones.The diminished N1 component to oddball tones in misophonia patients suggests an underlying neurobiological deficit in misophonia patients. This reduction might reflect a basic impairment in auditory processing in misophonia patients.
TI  - Diminished n1 auditory evoked potentials to oddball stimuli in misophonia patients
SN  - 1662-5153
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 8
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00123
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/169377/169377.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricciardi, L.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Daniele, A.
AU  - Quaranta, D.
AU  - Bentivoglio, A.R.
AU  - Fasano, A.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138051
AB  - BACKGROUND: Freezing of gait is a disabling episodic gait disturbance common in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recent evidences suggest a complex interplay between gait impairment and executive functions. Aim of our study was to evaluate whether specific motor conditions (sitting or walking) influence cognitive performance in patients with or without different types of freezing. METHODS: Eight healthy controls, eight patients without freezing, nine patients with levodopa-responsive and nine patients with levodopa-resistant freezing received a clinical and neuropsychological assessment during two randomly performed conditions: at rest and during walking. Results : At rest, patients with levodopa-resistant freezing performed worse than patients without freezing on tests of phonological fluency (p = 0.01). No differences among the four groups were detected during walking. When cognitive performances during walking were compared to the performance at rest, there was a significant decline of verbal episodic memory task (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) in patients without freezing and with levodopa-responsive freezing. Interestingly, walking improved performance on the phonological fluency task in patients with levodopa-resistant freezing (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to patients without freezing, patients with levodopa-resistant freezing perform worse when tested while seated in tasks of phonological verbal fluency. Surprisingly, gait was associated with a paradoxical improvement of phonological verbal fluency in the patients with levodopa-resistant freezing whilst walking determined a worsening of episodic memory in the other patient groups.
TI  - Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: the paradoxical interplay between gait and cognition
EP  - 829
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 824
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 20
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.04.009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nonnekes, J.H.
AU  - Janssen, A.M.
AU  - Mensink, S.H.G.
AU  - Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/136820
AB  - Freezing of gait (FOG) is both common and debilitating in patients with Parkinson's disease. Due to its episodic nature, it is a challenge to provoke FOG in clinical practice and in the research setting. Turning is most sensitive to provoke FOG, particularly when performed as rapidly as possible. Walking with short steps is an alternative approach to provoke FOG. Here, we assessed a modified version of this test, consisting of the instruction to make short steps as rapidly as possible. We evaluated what the diagnostic value of this new test is compared to rapid turning. 28 patients with Parkinson's disease participated, who all had objective FOG. Patients performed the following tasks two times: (1) normal walking, (2) walking as rapidly as possible, (3) walking with short steps, (4) walking with short steps as rapidly as possible and (5) making full rapid turns in both directions. FOG was provoked in 20 subjects (71 %). The most effective test to provoke FOG was rapid full turns (64 % of subjects). FOG occurred more often when patients walked with rapid short steps (50 %) compared to walking with short steps at normal speed (18 %). The combination of 'full rapid turns' and 'walking with short steps rapidly' yielded the highest sensitivity of provoking FOG (0.71, CI 0.51-0.86). The most sensitive way to provoke FOG is by asking patients to make full rapid turns, but if negative, walking with short steps as rapidly as possible can identify further subjects with FOG.
TI  - Short rapid steps to provoke freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
EP  - 1767
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1763
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 261
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7422-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mensink, S.H.G.
AU  - Nonnekes, J.H.
AU  - Bon, G. van
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Weerdesteyn, V.G.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Nijhuis, L.B.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138462
TI  - Additional weight load increases freezing of gait episodes in Parkinson's disease; an experimental study
EP  - 1008
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 999
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 261
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7274-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barbe, M.T.
AU  - Amarell, M.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Florin, E.
AU  - Quatuor, E.L.
AU  - Schonau, E.
AU  - Fink, G.R.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Timmermann, L.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138066
AB  - Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FOG) (freezers) demonstrate high gait variability. The objective of this study was to determine whether freezers display a higher variability of upper limb movements and elucidate if these changes correlate with gait. We were the first group to compare directly objectively measured gait and upper limb movement variability of freezers between freezing episodes. Patients with objectively verified FOG (n = 11) and PD patients without FOG (non-freezers) (n = 11) in a non-randomized medication condition (OFF/ON) were analyzed. Uncued antiphasic finger tapping and forearm diadochokinetic movements were analyzed via three-dimensional ultrasound kinematic measurements. Gait variability of straight gait was assessed using ground reaction forces. Freezers had shorter stride length (p = 0.004) and higher stride length variability (p = 0.005) in the medication OFF condition. Movement variability was not different during finger tapping or diadochokinesia between the groups. There was a trend towards more freezing of the upper limb during finger tapping for the freezers (p = 0.07). Variability in stride length generation and stride timing was not associated with variability of upper limb movement in freezers. Our findings demonstrate that: (1) freezers have a higher spatial gait variability between freezing episodes; (2) freezing-like episodes of the upper limb occur in PD patients, and tend to be more pronounced among freezers than non-freezers for finger tapping; (3) spatial and temporal upper extremity variability is equally affected in freezers and non-freezers in an uncued task. Upper limb freezing is not correlated to lower limb freezing, implicating a different pathophysiology.
TI  - Gait and upper limb variability in Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait
EP  - 342
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 330
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 261
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-7199-1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grabner, G.
AU  - Poser, B.
AU  - Fujimoto, K.
AU  - Polimeni, J.R.
AU  - Wald, L.L.
AU  - Trattnig, S.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Barth, M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/133221
AB  - Due to the availability of ultra-high field scanners and novel imaging methods, high resolution, whole brain functional MR imaging (fMRI) has become increasingly feasible. However, it is common to use extensive spatial smoothing to account for inter-subject anatomical variation when pooling over subjects. This reduces the spatial details of group level functional activation considerably, even when the original data was acquired with high resolution. In our study we used an accelerated 3D EPI sequence at 7 Tesla to acquire whole brain fMRI data with an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.1 mm which shows clear gray/white matter contrast due to the stronger T1 weighting of 3D EPI. To benefit from the high spatial resolution on the group level, we develop a study specific, high resolution anatomical template which is facilitated by the good anatomical contrast that is present in the average functional EPI images. Different template generations with increasing accuracy were created by using a hierarchical linear and stepwise non-linear registration approach. As the template is based on the functional data themselves no additional co-registration step with the usual T1-weighted anatomical data is necessary which eliminates a potential source of misalignment. To test the improvement of functional localization and spatial details we performed a group level analysis of a finger tapping experiment in eight subjects. The most accurate template shows better spatial localization - such as a separation of somatosensory and motor areas and of single digit activation - compared to the simple linear registration. The number of activated voxels is increased by a factor of 1.2, 2.5, and 3.1 for somatosensory, supplementary motor area, and dentate nucleus, respectively, for the functional contrast between left versus right hand. Similarly, the number of activated voxels is increased 1.4- and 2.4-fold for right little versus right index finger and left little versus left index finger, respectively. The Euclidian distance between the activation (center of gravity) of the respective fingers was found to be 13.90 mm using the most accurate template.
TI  - A study-specific fMRI normalization approach that operates directly on high resolution functional EPI data at 7 Tesla
EP  - 714
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 710
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 100
PS  - 5 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.045
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grabner, G.
AU  - Poser, B.
AU  - Fujimoto, K.
AU  - Polimeni, J.R.
AU  - Wald, L.L.
AU  - Trattnig, S.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Barth, M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135354
AB  - Due to the availability of ultra-high field scanners and novel imaging methods, high resolution, whole brain functional MR imaging (fMRI) has become increasingly feasible. However, it is common to use extensive spatial smoothing to account for inter-subject anatomical variation when pooling over subjects. This reduces the spatial details of group level functional activation considerably, even when the original data was acquired with high resolution. In our study we used an accelerated 3D EPI sequence at 7 Tesla to acquire whole brain fMRI data with an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.1 mm which shows clear gray/white matter contrast due to the stronger T1 weighting of 3D EPI. To benefit from the high spatial resolution on the group level, we develop a study specific, high resolution anatomical template which is facilitated by the good anatomical contrast that is present in the average functional EPI images. Different template generations with increasing accuracy were created by using a hierarchical linear and stepwise non-linear registration approach. As the template is based on the functional data themselves no additional co-registration step with the usual T1-weighted anatomical data is necessary which eliminates a potential source of misalignment. To test the improvement of functional localization and spatial details we performed a group level analysis of a finger tapping experiment in eight subjects. The most accurate template shows better spatial localization - such as a separation of somatosensory and motor areas and of single digit activation - compared to the simple linear registration. The number of activated voxels is increased by a factor of 1.2, 2.5, and 3.1 for somatosensory, supplementary motor area, and dentate nucleus, respectively, for the functional contrast between left versus right hand. Similarly, the number of activated voxels is increased 1.4- and 2.4-fold for right little versus right index finger and left little versus left index finger, respectively. The Euclidian distance between the activation (center of gravity) of the respective fingers was found to be 13.90 mm using the most accurate template.
TI  - A study-specific fMRI normalization approach that operates directly on high resolution functional EPI data at 7 Tesla
EP  - 714
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 710
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 100
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.045
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beijers, R.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Weerth, C. de
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135964
AB  - Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that maternal psychosocial stress and anxiety during pregnancy adversely affect child outcomes. However, knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying these relations is limited. In the present paper, we review the most often proposed mechanism, namely that involving the HPA axis and cortisol, as well as other less well-studied but possibly relevant and complementary mechanisms. We present evidence for a role of the following mechanisms: compromised placental functioning, including the 11beta-HSD2 enzyme, increased catecholamines, compromised maternal immune system and intestinal microbiota, and altered health behaviors including eating, sleep, and exercise. The roles of (epi)genetics, the postnatal environment and the fetus are also discussed. We conclude that maternal prenatal psychosocial stress is a complex phenomenon that affects maternal emotions, behavior and physiology in many ways, and may influence the physiology and functioning of the fetus through a network of different pathways. The review concludes with recommendations for future research that helps our understanding of the mechanisms by which maternal prenatal stress exerts its effect on the fetus.
TI  - Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis
EP  - 956
SN  - 1018-8827
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 943
JF  - European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0566-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, H.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135397
AB  - It has been proposed that long-term memory encoding is not only dependent on engaging task-relevant regions but also on disengaging task-irrelevant regions. In particular, oscillatory alpha activity has been shown to be involved in shaping the functional architecture of the working brain because it reflects the functional disengagement of specific regions in attention and memory tasks. We here ask if such allocation of resources by alpha oscillations generalizes to long-term memory encoding in a cross-modal setting in which we acquired the ongoing brain activity using magnetoencephalography. Participants were asked to encode pictures while ignoring simultaneously presented words and vice versa. We quantified the brain activity during rehearsal reflecting subsequent memory in the different attention conditions. The key finding was that successful long-term memory encoding is reflected by alpha power decreases in the sensory region of the to-be-attended modality and increases in the sensory region of the to-be-ignored modality to suppress distraction during rehearsal period. Our results corroborate related findings from attention studies by demonstrating that alpha activity is also important for the allocation of resources during long-term memory encoding in the presence of distracters.
TI  - Modality-specific Alpha Modulations Facilitate Long-term Memory Encoding in the Presence of Distracters
EP  - 592
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - p. 583
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 27
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00726
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/135397/135397.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linden, M.H. van der
AU  - Wegman, J.B.T.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135509
AB  - In this study, we bridge the gap between monkey electrophysiological recordings that showed selective responses to informative features and human fMRI data that demonstrated increased and selective responses to trained objects. Human participants trained with computer-generated fish stimuli. For each participant, two features of the fish were informative for category membership and two features were uninformative. After training, participants showed higher perceptual sensitivity to the informative dimensions. An fMRI adaptation paradigm revealed that during categorization the right inferior frontal gyrus and occipitotemporal cortex were selectively responsive to the informative features. These selective cortical responses were experience dependent; they were not present for the entire trained object, but specific for those features that were informative for categorization. Responses in the inferior frontal gyrus showed category selectivity. Moreover, selectivity to the informative features correlated with performance on the categorization task during scanning. This all suggests that the frontal cortex is involved in actively categorizing objects and that it uses informative features to do so while ignoring those features that do not contribute category information. Occipitotemporal cortex also showed selectivity to the informative features during the categorization task. Interestingly, this area showed a positive correlation of performance during training and selectivity to the informative features and a negative correlation with selectivity to the uninformative features. This indicates that training enhanced sensitivity to trained items and decreased sensitivity to uninformative features. The absence of sensitivity for informative features during a color change detection task indicates that there is a strong component of task-related processing of these features.
TI  - Task- and experience-dependent cortical selectivity to features informative for categorization
EP  - 333
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 319
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00484
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/135509/135509.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Haegen, L. Van der
AU  - Fisher, S.E.
AU  - Francks, C.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/128099
TI  - On the other hand: Including left-handers in cognitive neuroscience and neurogenetics
EP  - 201
SN  - 1471-003X
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 193
JF  - Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 15
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3679
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janssen, S.
AU  - Veugen, L.C.
AU  - Hoffland, B.S.
AU  - Kassavetis, P.
AU  - Rooijen, D.E. van
AU  - Stegeman, D.F.
AU  - Edwards, M.J.
AU  - Hilten, J.J. van
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/136402
AB  - Fixed dystonia without evidence of basal ganglia lesions or neurodegeneration typically affects young women following minor peripheral trauma. We use eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) to study whether cerebellar functioning is abnormal in patients with fixed dystonia, since this is part of the pathophysiology of primary dystonia. An auditory tone (conditioning stimulus) was paired with a supraorbital nerve stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) with a delay of 400 ms in order to yield conditioned responses. We recruited 11 fixed dystonia patients of whom six used medication and seven age-matched healthy controls. Non-medicated patients with fixed dystonia performed as well as healthy controls, while medicated patients showed fewer conditioned responses. We found an influence of medication and possibly extent of dystonic features and/or co-occurrence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) on EBCC performance. Our study argues against abnormal cerebellar function in non-medicated, fixed dystonia patients without CRPS or spread of symptoms.
TI  - Normal eyeblink classical conditioning in patients with fixed dystonia
EP  - 1809
SN  - 0014-4819
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1805
JF  - Experimental Brain Research
VL  - vol. 232
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-3872-6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krause, F.
AU  - Lindemann, O.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Bekkering, H.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/127377
AB  - A dominant hypothesis on how the brain processes numerical size proposes a spatial representation of numbers as positions on a "mental number line." An alternative hypothesis considers numbers as elements of a generalized representation of sensorimotor-related magnitude, which is not obligatorily spatial. Here we show that individuals' relative use of spatial and nonspatial representations has a cerebral counterpart in the structural organization of the posterior parietal cortex. Interindividual variability in the linkage between numbers and spatial responses (faster left responses to small numbers and right responses to large numbers; spatial-numerical association of response codes effect) correlated with variations in gray matter volume around the right precuneus. Conversely, differences in the disposition to link numbers to force production (faster soft responses to small numbers and hard responses to large numbers) were related to gray matter volume in the left angular gyrus. This finding suggests that numerical cognition relies on multiple mental representations of analogue magnitude using different neural implementations that are linked to individual traits.
TI  - Different brains process numbers differently: Structural bases of individual differences in spatial and nonspatial number representations
EP  - 776
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 768
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 26
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00518
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/127377/127377-OA.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Wittwer, J.
AU  - Mohajeri, M.H.
AU  - Kloek, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135892
AB  - It is commonly assumed that food can affect mood. One prevalent notion is that food containing tryptophan increases serotonin levels in the brain and alters neural processing in mood-regulating neurocircuits. However, tryptophan competes with other long-neutral-amino-acids (LNAA) for transport across the blood-brain-barrier, a limitation that can be mitigated by increasing the tryptophan/LNAA ratio. We therefore tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study (N=32) whether a drink with a favourable tryptophan/LNAA ratio improves mood and modulates specific brain processes as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We show that one serving of this drink increases the tryptophan/LNAA ratio in blood plasma, lifts mood in healthy young women and alters task-specific and resting-state processing in brain regions implicated in mood regulation. Specifically, Test-drink consumption reduced neural responses of the dorsal caudate nucleus during reward anticipation, increased neural responses in the dorsal cingulate cortex during fear processing, and increased ventromedial prefrontal-lateral prefrontal connectivity under resting-state conditions. Our results suggest that increasing tryptophan/LNAA ratios can lift mood by affecting mood-regulating neurocircuits.
TI  - Food can lift mood by affecting mood-regulating neurocircuits via a serotonergic mechanism
EP  - 832
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 825
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 84
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.041
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Guadalupe, T.M.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Klarenbeek, P.
AU  - Francks, C.
AU  - Fisher, S.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/136035
AB  - The FOXP2 transcription factor is one of the most well-known genes to have been implicated in developmental speech and language disorders. Rare mutations disrupting the function of this gene have been described in different families and cases. In a large three-generation family carrying a missense mutation, neuroimaging studies revealed significant effects on brain structure and function, most notably in the inferior frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum. After the identification of rare disruptive FOXP2 variants impacting on brain structure, several reports proposed that common variants at this locus may also have detectable effects on the brain, extending beyond disorder into normal phenotypic variation. These neuroimaging genetics studies used groups of between 14 and 96 participants. The current study assessed effects of common FOXP2 variants on neuroanatomy using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and volumetric techniques in a sample of >1300 people from the general population. In a first targeted stage we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) claimed to have effects in prior smaller studies (rs2253478, rs12533005, rs2396753, rs6980093, rs7784315, rs17137124, rs10230558, rs7782412, rs1456031), beginning with regions proposed in the relevant papers, then assessing impact across the entire brain. In the second gene-wide stage, we tested all common FOXP2 variation, focusing on volumetry of those regions most strongly implicated from analyses of rare disruptive mutations. Despite using a sample that is more than 10 times that used for prior studies of common FOXP2 variation, we found no evidence for effects of SNPs on variability in neuroanatomy in the general population. Thus, the impact of this gene on brain structure may be largely limited to extreme cases of rare disruptive alleles. Alternatively, effects of common variants at this gene exist but are too subtle to be detected with standard volumetric techniques.
TI  - Assessing the effects of common variation in the FOXP2 gene on human brain structure
SN  - 1662-5161
SP  - 473
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00473
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/136035/136035.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Gerritsen, L.
AU  - Oostrom, I.I.H. van
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Joels, M.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135952
AB  - Substantial research has been conducted investigating the association between life adversity and genetic vulnerability for depression, but clear mechanistic links are rarely identified and investigation often focused on single genetic variants. Complex phenotypes like depression, however, are likely determined by multiple variants in interaction with environmental factors. As variations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C2) have been related to a higher risk for depression, we investigated whether NR3C2 variance is related to negative memory bias, an established endophenotype for depression, in healthy participants. Furthermore, we explored the influence of life adversity on this association. We used a set-based analysis to simultaneously test all measured variation in NR3C2 for an association with negative memory bias in 483 participants and an interaction with life adversity. To further specify this interaction, we split the sample into low and high live adversity groups and repeated the analyses in both groups separately. NR3C2 variance was associated with negative memory bias, especially in the high life adversity group. Additionally, we identified a functional polymorphism (rs5534) related to negative memory bias and demonstrating a genexlife adversity interaction. Variations in NR3C2 are associated with negative memory bias and this relationship appears to be influenced by life adversity. As negative memory bias is implicated in the susceptibility to depression, our findings provide mechanistic support for the notion that variations in NR3C2 - which could compromise the proper function of this receptor - are a risk factor for the development of mood disorders.
TI  - Linking genetic variants of the mineralocorticoid receptor and negative memory bias: Interaction with prior life adversity
EP  - 190
SN  - 0306-4530
SP  - 181
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 40
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Gaalen, J. van
AU  - Boesch, S.
AU  - Burgunder, J.M.
AU  - Durr, A.
AU  - Giunti, P.
AU  - Klockgether, T.
AU  - Mariotti, C.
AU  - Pandolfo, M.
AU  - Riess, O.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/137840
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ataxias are a challenging group of neurological diseases due the aetiological heterogeneity and the complexity of the genetic subtypes. This guideline focuses on the heredodegenerative ataxias. The aim is to provide a peer-reviewed evidence-based guideline for clinical neurologists and other specialist physicians responsible for the care of patients with ataxia. METHODS: This guideline is based on systematic evaluations of the relevant literature and on three consensus meetings of the task force. DIAGNOSIS: If acquired causes are ruled out, and if the disease course is rather slowly progressive, a (heredo)degenerative disease is likely. A positive family history gives much guidance. In the case of a dominant family history, first line genetic screening is recommended for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17 (level B), and in Asian patients also for dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). In the case of recessive disease, a stepwise diagnostic work-up is recommended, including both biochemical markers and targeted genetic testing, particularly aimed at Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia, ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency, polymerase gamma gene (POLG gene, various mutations), autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) types 1 and 2. If family history is negative, we still advise to screen for the more common dominant and recessive ataxias. In addition, if onset is below 45 years we recommend the full work-up for recessive ataxias; if onset is above 45 years we recommend to screen for fragile X mental retardation 1 FMR1 premutations (good practice points). In sporadic cases with an onset after 30 years, a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy should be considered (good practice point). In particular the genetic work-up will change over the upcoming years due to the diagnostic utility of new techniques such as gene panel diagnostics based on next generation sequencing for routine work-up, or even whole exome and genome sequencing for selected cases. TREATMENT: Some of the rare recessive ataxias are treatable, but for most of the heredodegenerative ataxias treatment is purely symptomatic. Idebenone is not effective in Friedreich's ataxia (level A). Riluzole (level B) and amantadine (level C) might provide symptomatic relief, irrespective of exact etiology. Also, varenicline for SCA3 patients (level B) can be considered. There is level Class II evidence to recommend physiotherapy, and Class III data to support occupational therapy.
TI  - EFNS/ENS Consensus on the diagnosis and management of chronic ataxias in adulthood
EP  - 562
SN  - 1351-5101
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 552
JF  - European Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 21
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12341
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaalen, J. van
AU  - Kerstens, F.G.
AU  - Maas, R.P.P.W.M.
AU  - Harmark, L.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/139090
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cerebellar ataxia can be induced by a large number of drugs. We here conducted a systemic review of the drugs that can lead to cerebellar ataxia as an adverse drug reaction (ADR). METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in Pubmed (1966 to January 2014) and EMBASE (1988 to January 2014) to identify all of the drugs that can have ataxia as an ADR and to assess the frequency of drug-induced ataxia for individual drugs. Furthermore, we collected reports of drug-induced ataxia over the past 20 years in the Netherlands by querying a national register of ADRs. RESULTS: Drug-induced ataxia was reported in association with 93 individual drugs (57 from the literature, 36 from the Dutch registry). The most common groups were antiepileptic drugs, benzodiazepines, and antineoplastics. For some, the number needed to harm was below 10. Ataxia was commonly reversible, but persistent symptoms were described with lithium and certain antineoplastics. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to be aware of the possibility that ataxia might be drug-induced, and for some drugs the relative frequency of this particular ADR is high. In most patients, symptoms occur within days or weeks after the introduction of a new drug or an increase in dose. In general, ataxia tends to disappear after discontinuation of the drug, but chronic ataxia has been described for some drugs.
TI  - Drug-induced cerebellar ataxia: a systematic review
EP  - 1153
SN  - 1172-7047
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1139
JF  - CNS Drugs
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0200-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holst, R.J. van
AU  - Clark, L.
AU  - Veltman, D.J.
AU  - Brink, W. van den
AU  - Goudriaan, A.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135381
AB  - Individuals with alcohol dependence are known to make disadvantageous decisions, possibly caused by alterations in either reward or punishment sensitivity, which lead to persistent alcohol use despite its adverse consequences. Previous studies in alcohol dependence have mainly focused on reward anticipation processing and results from these studies are mixed. To clarify the nature of the motivational deficit that underlies disadvantageous choice in alcohol dependence, the current study sought to characterize the neural representation of expected value in individuals with alcohol dependence, separating expectancy-related processing of gains and losses, as a function of outcome magnitude and outcome probability. METHOD: Functional MRI was used to examine brain responses during the expectation of gains and losses in patients with alcohol dependence (n=19) and healthy controls (n=19). The task manipulated outcome magnitude (euro1 and euro5) and outcome probability (30% and 70%). RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, patients with alcohol dependence were more responsive to the expectancy of large wins, in the caudate and putamen. This effect was driven by a higher caudate activity in the contrast comparing euro5 vs. euro1 trials in patients with alcohol dependence. There were no group differences in the responses to the expectancy for loss. The patient group reported lower expectancies of winning in the trial-by-trial ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with alcohol dependence showed caudate hyperactivity when expecting wins. The result contrasts with past work using the monetary incentive delay task, showing caudate hypoactivity; the passive nature of our task contrasts with an active response requirement in the MIDT studies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Individuals with alcohol dependence are known to make disadvantageous decisions, possibly caused by alterations in either reward or punishment sensitivity, which lead to persistent alcohol use despite its adverse consequences. Previous studies in alcohol dependence have mainly focused on reward anticipation processing and results from these studies are mixed. To clarify the nature of the motivational deficit that underlies disadvantageous choice in alcohol dependence, the current study sought to characterize the neural representation of expected value in individuals with alcohol dependence, separating expectancy-related processing of gains and losses, as a function of outcome magnitude and outcome probability. METHOD: Functional MRI was used to examine brain responses during the expectation of gains and losses in patients with alcohol dependence (n=19) and healthy controls (n=19). The task manipulated outcome magnitude (euro1 and euro5) and outcome probability (30% and 70%). RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, patients with alcohol dependence were more responsive to the expectancy of large wins, in the caudate and putamen. This effect was driven by a higher caudate activity in the contrast comparing euro5 vs. euro1 trials in patients with alcohol dependence. There were no group differences in the responses to the expectancy for loss. The patient group reported lower expectancies of winning in the trial-by-trial ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with alcohol dependence showed caudate hyperactivity when expecting wins. The result contrasts with past work using the monetary incentive delay task, showing caudate hypoactivity; the passive nature of our task contrasts with an active response requirement in the MIDT studies.
TI  - Enhanced striatal responses during expectancy coding in alcohol dependence
EP  - 208
SN  - 0376-8716
SP  - 204
JF  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
VL  - vol. 142
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaalen, J. van
AU  - Swart, B.J. de
AU  - Oostveen, J.M.
AU  - Knuijt, S.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138525
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that language impairment can be observed in patients with cerebellar pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate language performance in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). METHODS: We assessed speech and language in 29 SCA6 patients with standardized linquistic tests and correlated this with the severity of ataxia, as quantified by the Scale of Assessment and Rating of Ataxia. RESULTS: Individual patients show mild-to-moderate linguistic impairment. Linguistic abnormalities were most distinct on the writing and comprehension subtests. A strong correlation between severity of ataxia and linguistic performance was consistently found. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the occurrence of linguistic impairments in patients with cerebellar degenerative diseases, such as SCA6. The relation between linguistic abnormalities and severity of ataxia provides further evidence for a role of the cerebellum in linguistic processing. (c) 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
TI  - Language impairment in cerebellar ataxia
EP  - 1312
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1307
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25854
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Llera Arenas, A.
PY  - 2014
SN  - 9789491027932
UR  - http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/127514
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Adapting brain-computer interfaces for non-stationary changes
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 19 juni 2014
N1  - Promotor : Kappen, H.J. 
Co-promotor : Gomez, V.
PS  - 130 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/127514/127514.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Händel, B.F.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135403
AB  - Bistable visual illusions are well suited for exploring the neuronal states of the brain underlying changes in perception. In this study, we investigated oscillatory activity associated with 'motion-induced blindness' (MIB), which denotes the perceptual disappearance of salient target stimuli when a moving pattern is superimposed on them (Bonneh et al., ). We applied an MIB paradigm in which illusory target disappearances would occur independently in the left and right hemifields. Both illusory and real target disappearance were followed by an alpha lateralization with weaker contralateral than ipsilateral alpha activity (~10 Hz). However, only the illusion showed early alpha lateralization in the opposite direction, which preceded the alpha effect present for both conditions and coincided with the estimated onset of the illusion. The duration of the illusory disappearance was further predicted by the magnitude of this early lateralization when considered over subjects. In the gamma band (60-80 Hz), we found an increase in activity contralateral relative to ipsilateral only after a real disappearance. Whereas early alpha activity was predictive of onset and length of the illusory percept, gamma activity showed no modulation in relation to the illusion. Our study demonstrates that the spontaneous changes in visual alpha activity have perceptual consequences.
TI  - Spontaneous local alpha oscillations predict motion-induced blindness
EP  - 3379
SN  - 0953-816X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 3371
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 40
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12701
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doesschate, F. Ten
AU  - Eijndhoven, P. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Waarde, J.A. van
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/139203
AB  - BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with severe depression. Knowledge on factors predicting therapeutic response may help to identify patients who will benefit most from the intervention. Based on the neuroplasticity hypothesis, volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus are possible candidates for predicting treatment outcome. Therefore, this prospective cohort study examines the predictive value of amygdala and hippocampal volumes for the effectiveness of ECT. METHODS: Prior to ECT, 53 severely unipolar depressed patients [mean age 57 +/- 14 years; 40% (n = 21) male] received structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T. Normalized amygdala and hippocampal volumes were calculated based on automatic segmentation by FreeSurfer (FS). Regression analyses were used to test if the normalized volumes could predict the response to a course of ECT based on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. RESULTS: A larger amygdala volume independently and significantly predicted a lower post-ECT MADRS score (beta = -0.347, P = 0.013). The left amygdala volume had greater predictive value for treatment outcome relative to the right amygdala volume. Hippocampal volume had no independent predictive value. CONCLUSION: A larger pre-treatment amygdala volume predicted more effective ECT, independent of other known predictors. Almost all patients continued their medication during the study, which might have influenced the course of treatment in ways that were not taken into account.
TI  - Pre-treatment amygdala volume predicts electroconvulsive therapy response
SN  - 1664-0640
SP  - 169
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00169
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/139203/139203.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meer, D. van der
AU  - Hartman, C.A.
AU  - Richards, J.
AU  - Bralten, J.B.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Oosterlaan, J.
AU  - Heslenfeld, D.J.
AU  - Faraone, S.V.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hoekstra, P.J.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/136126
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The role of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unclear. Heterogeneity of findings may be explained by gene-environment interactions (GxE), as it has been suggested that S-allele carriers are more reactive to psychosocial stress than L-allele homozygotes. This study aimed to investigate whether 5-HTTLPR genotype moderates the effects of stress on ADHD in a multisite prospective ADHD cohort study. METHODS: 5-HTTLPR genotype, as well as the number of stressful life events in the past 5 years and ongoing long-term difficulties, was determined in 671 adolescents and young adults with ADHD, their siblings, and healthy controls (57.4% male, average age 17.3 years). Linear mixed models, accounting for family relatedness, were applied to investigate the effects of genotype, experienced stress, and their interaction on ADHD severity at time point T2, while controlling for ADHD severity at T1 (mean follow-up time 5.9 years) and for comorbid internalizing problems at T2. RESULTS: The interaction between genotype and stress significantly predicted ADHD severity at T2 (p = .006), which was driven by the effect on hyperactivity-impulsivity (p = .004). Probing of the interaction effect made clear that S-allele carriers had a significantly more positive correlation between stress and ADHD severity than L-allele homozygotes. CONCLUSION: The results show that the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and stress is a mechanism involved particularly in the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension of ADHD, and that this is independent of comorbid internalizing problems. Further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this interaction effect is warranted.
TI  - The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR moderates the effects of stress on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
EP  - 1371
SN  - 0021-9630
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1363
JF  - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
VL  - vol. 55
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12240
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baggio, G.
AU  - Lambalgen, M. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/141265
TI  - Logic as Marr's Computational Level: Four Case Studies
SN  - 1756-8765
JF  - Topics in Cognitive Science
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12125
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Y.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Li, H.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135871
AB  - Processing of emotional stimuli can either hinder or facilitate ongoing working memory (WM); however, the neural basis of these effects remains largely unknown. Here we examined the neural mechanisms of these paradoxical effects by implementing a novel emotional WM task in an fMRI study. Twenty-five young healthy participants performed an N-back task with fearful and neutral faces as stimuli. Participants made more errors when performing 0-back task with fearful versus neutral faces, whereas they made fewer errors when performing 2-back task with fearful versus neutral faces. These emotional impairment and enhancement on behavioral performance paralleled significant interactions in distributed regions in the salience network including anterior insula (AI) and dorsal cingulate cortex (dACC), as well as in emotion perception network including amygdala and temporal-occipital association cortex (TOC). The dorsal AI (dAI) and dACC were more activated when comparing fearful with neutral faces in 0-back task. Contrarily, dAI showed reduced activation, while TOC and amygdala showed stronger responses to fearful as compared to neutral faces in the 2-back task. These findings provide direct neural evidence to the emerging dual competition model suggesting that the salience network plays a critical role in mediating interaction between emotion perception and executive control when facing ever-changing behavioral demands.
TI  - Emotion perception and executive control interact in the salience network during emotionally charged working memory processing
EP  - 5616
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 5606
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22573
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/132651
TI  - Quantifying Uncertainty in Brain Network Measures using Bayesian Connectomics
EP  - 10
SN  - 1662-5188
SP  - 1
JF  - Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2014.00126
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/132651/132651.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Lenkoski, A.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/132804
TI  - Efficient sampling of Gaussian graphical models using conditional Bayes factors
EP  - 336
SN  - 2049-1573
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 326
JF  - Stat
VL  - vol. 3
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.66
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/132804/132804.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferraye, M.U.
AU  - Debû, B.H.G.
AU  - Heil, L.
AU  - Carpenter, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/126885
AB  - This study examines the cerebral structures involved in dynamic balance using a motor imagery (MI) protocol. We recorded cerebral activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined swaying on a balance board along the sagittal plane to point a laser at target pairs of different sizes (small, large). We used a matched visual imagery (VI) control task and recorded imagery durations during scanning. MI and VI durations were differentially influenced by the sway accuracy requirement, indicating that MI of balance is sensitive to the increased motor control necessary to point at a smaller target. Compared to VI, MI of dynamic balance recruited additional cortical and subcortical portions of the motor system, including frontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and mesencephalic locomotor region, the latter showing increased effective connectivity with the supplementary motor area. The regions involved in MI of dynamic balance were spatially distinct but contiguous to those involved in MI of gait (Bakker et al., 2008; Snijders et al., 2011; Cremers et al., 2012), in a pattern consistent with existing somatotopic maps of the trunk (for balance) and legs (for gait). These findings validate a novel, quantitative approach for studying the neural control of balance in humans. This approach extends previous reports on MI of static stance (Jahn et al., 2004, 2008), and opens the way for studying gait and balance impairments in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
TI  - Using motor imagery to study the neural substrates of dynamic balance
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 3
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 9
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091183
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/126885/126885.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
AU  - Barendregt, H.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/126139
TI  - Metacognitive awareness of covert somatosensory attention corresponds to contralateral alpha power
EP  - 809
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 803
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 85, Part 2
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.031
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thaler, A.
AU  - Artzi, M.
AU  - Mirelman, A.
AU  - Jacob, Y.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Gurevich, T.
AU  - Orr-Urtreger, A.
AU  - Marder, K.
AU  - Bressman, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Hendler, T.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Bashat, D. Ben
AU  - et al.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138029
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy in both cortical and sub-cortical structures, yet changes in the pre-motor phase of the disease are unknown. METHODS: A comprehensive imaging study using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging tract-based spatial statistics analysis was performed on 64 Ashkenazi Jewish asymptomatic first degree relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease (30 mutation carriers), who carry the G2019S mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene. RESULTS: No between-group differences in gray matter volume could be noted in either whole-brain or volume-of-interest analysis. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis did not identify group differences in white matter areas, and volume-of-interest analysis identified no differences in diffusivity parameters in Parkinson's disease-related structures. CONCLUSIONS: G2019S carriers do not manifest changes in gray matter volume or diffusivity parameters in Parkinson's disease-related structures prior to the appearance of motor symptoms.
TI  - A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers
EP  - 827
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 823
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25827
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149334
TI  - Dynamic adaptation of large-scale brain networks in response to acute stressors
SN  - 0166-2236
JF  - Trends in Neurosciences
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.03.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pillai, A.G.
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Joëls, M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135469
AB  - The rodent stress hormone corticosterone changes neuronal activity in a slow and persistent manner through transcriptional regulation. In the rat dorsal hippocampus, corticosterone enhances the amplitude of calcium-dependent potassium currents that cause a lingering slow after-hyperpolarization (sAHP) at the end of depolarizing events. In this study we compared the putative region-dependency of the delayed effects of corticosterone (approximately 5 hrs after treatment) on sAHP as well as other active and passive properties of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons from three prefrontal areas, i.e. the lateral orbitofrontal, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, with the hippocampus of adult mice. In agreement with previous studies, corticosterone increased sAHP amplitude in the dorsal hippocampus with depolarizing steps of increasing amplitude. However, in the lateral orbitofrontal, prelimbic and infralimbic cortices we did not observe any modifications of sAHP amplitude after corticosterone treatment. Properties of single action potentials or % ratio of the last spike interval with respect to the first spike interval, an indicator of accommodation in an action potential train, were not significantly affected by corticosterone in all brain regions examined. Lastly, corticosterone treatment did not induce any lasting changes in passive membrane properties of hippocampal or cortical neurons. Overall, the data indicate that corticosterone slowly and very persistently increases the sAHP amplitude in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, while this is not the case in the cortical regions examined. This implies that changes in excitability across brain regions reached by corticosterone may vary over a prolonged period of time after stress.
TI  - Delayed effects of corticosterone on slow after-hyperpolarization potentials in mouse hippocampal versus prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 6
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 9
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099208
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/135469/135469.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berg, A.V. van den
AU  - Arnoldussen, D.M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/136151
TI  - Vergence and Vertical disparity signals in Human area
SN  - 1534-7362
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 975
JF  - Journal of Vision
VL  - vol. 14
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1167/14.10.975
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/136151/136151.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grent-'t-Jong, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Praamstra, P.
AU  - Grent-'t Jong, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/130558
AB  - Choice behavior is influenced by factors such as reward and number of alternatives but also by physical context, for instance, the relative position of alternative movement targets. At small separation, speeded eye or hand movements are more likely to land between targets (spatial averaging) than at larger separation. Neurocomputational models explain such behavior in terms of cortical activity being preshaped by the movement environment. Here, we manipulate target separation, as a determinant of motor cortical activity in choice behavior, to address neural mechanisms of response selection. Specifically, we investigate whether context-induced changes in the balance of cooperative and competitive interactions between competing groups of neurons are expressed in the power spectrum of sensorimotor rhythms. We recorded magnetoencephalography while participants were precued to two possible movement target locations at different angles of separation (30, 60, or 90 degrees ). After a delay, one of the locations was cued as the target for a joystick pointing movement. We found that late delay-period movement-preparatory activity increased more strongly for alternative targets at 30 than at 60 or 90 degrees of separation. This nonlinear pattern was evident in slow event-related fields as well as in beta- and low-gamma-band suppression. A comparable pattern was found within an earlier window for theta-band synchronization. We interpret the late delay effects in terms of increased movement-preparatory activity when there is greater overlap and hence less competition between groups of neurons encoding two response alternatives. Early delay-period theta-band synchronization may reflect covert response activation relevant to behavioral spatial averaging effects.
TI  - Competitive interactions in sensorimotor cortex: Oscillations express separation between alternative movement targets
TI  - Competitive interactions in sensorimotor cortex: oscillations express separation between alternative movement targets
EP  - 232
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 224
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 112
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00127.2014
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/130558/130558.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grauwe, S.M.T. de
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Rüschemeyer, S.A.
AU  - Lemhöfer, K.M.L.
AU  - Schriefers, H.J.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/127510
AB  - The involvement of neural motor and sensory systems in the processing of language has so far mainly been studied in native (L1) speakers. In an fMRI experiment, we investigated whether non-native (12) semantic representations are rich enough to allow for activation in motor and somatosensory brain areas. German learners of Dutch and a control group of Dutch native speakers made lexical decisions about visually presented Dutch motor and non-motor verbs. Region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain analyses indicated that 12 speakers, like L1 speakers, showed significantly increased activation for simple motor compared to non-motor verbs in motor and somatosensory regions. This effect was not restricted to Dutch-German cognate verbs, but was also present for non-cognate verbs. These results indicate that L2 semantic representations are rich enough for motor-related activations to develop in motor and somatosensory areas.
TI  - Embodied language in first- and second-language speakers: Neural correlates of processing motor verbs
EP  - 349
SN  - 0028-3932
SP  - 334
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 56
PS  - 16 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Ambrogioni, L.
AU  - Janssen, R.J.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/122930
AB  - Functional connectivity refers to covarying activity between spatially segregated brain regions and can be studied by measuring correlation between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. These correlations can be caused either by direct communication via active axonal pathways or indirectly via the interaction with other regions. It is not possible to discriminate between these two kinds of functional interaction simply by considering the covariance matrix. However, the non-diagonal elements of its inverse, the precision matrix, can be naturally related to direct communication between brain areas and interpreted in terms of partial correlations. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian model for functional connectivity analysis which allows estimation of a posterior density over precision matrices, and, consequently, allows one to quantify the uncertainty about estimated partial correlations. In order to make model estimation feasible it is assumed that the sparseness structure of the precision matrices is given by an estimate of structural connectivity obtained using diffusion imaging data. The model was tested on simulated data as well as resting-state fMRI data and compared with a graphical lasso analysis. The presented approach provides a theoretically solid foundation for quantifying functional connectivity in the presence of uncertainty.
TI  - Structurally-informed Bayesian functional connectivity analysis
EP  - 305
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 294
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 86
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.075
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khalili-Mahani, N.
AU  - Niesters, M.
AU  - Osch, M. van
AU  - Oitzl, M.S.
AU  - Veer, I.
AU  - Rooij, M. de
AU  - Gerven, J.M.A. van
AU  - Buchem, M.A. van
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Rombouts, S.A.R.B.
AU  - Dahan, A
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135328
AB  - Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is increasingly used to study the link between glutamatergic signaling dysregulation and mood and chronic pain disorders. Glutamatergic neurotransmission and stress corticosteroids (cortisol in human) are critical for Ca2+ mediated neuroplasticity and behavioral adaptation. The mechanisms of action of glutamatergic neurotransmission and stress corticosteroids on the NMDA-receptors of the hippocampus have been long investigated in animals, but given little attention in human studies. In this randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study (12 healthy young men), five sets of resting-state fMRI (RSFMRI), pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and corresponding salivary cortisol samples were acquired over 4h, at given intervals under pharmacokinetically-controlled infusion of subanesthetic ketamine (20 & 40mg/70kg/h). An identical procedure was repeated under a sham placebo condition. Differences in the profile of ketamine versus placebo effect over time were examined. Compared to placebo, ketamine mimicked a stress-like response (increased cortisol, reduced calmness and alertness, and impaired working memory). Ketamine effects on the brain included a transient prefrontal hyperperfusion and a dose-related reduction of relative hippocampal perfusion, plus emerging hyperconnectivity between the hippocampus and the occipital, cingulate, precuneal, cerebellar and basal ganglia regions. The spatiotemporal profiles of ketamine effects on different hippocampal subnetworks suggest a topographically dissociable change in corticohippocampal functional connectivity. We discuss our findings in the context of the negative feedback inhibition theory of the hippocampal stress-control. This pilot study provides a methodological framework for multimodal functional neuroimaging under resting-state conditions, which may be generalized for translational studies of glutamatergic- or stress-related etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
TI  - Ketamine interactions with biomarkers of stress: A randomized placebo-controlled repeated measures resting-state fMRI and PCASL pilot study in healthy men
SN  - 1053-8119
JF  - NeuroImage
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.050
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Schellekens, A.F.A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135876
AB  - Drugs that alter dopamine transmission have opposite effects on reward and punishment learning. These opposite effects have been suggested to depend on dopamine in the striatum. Here, we establish for the first time the neurochemical specificity of such drug effects, during reward and punishment learning in humans, by adopting a coadministration design. Participants (N = 22) were scanned on 4 occasions using functional magnetic resonance imaging, following intake of placebo, bromocriptine (dopamine-receptor agonist), sulpiride (dopamine-receptor antagonist), or a combination of both drugs. A reversal-learning task was employed, in which both unexpected rewards and punishments signaled reversals. Drug effects were stratified with baseline working memory to take into account individual variations in drug response. Sulpiride induced parallel span-dependent changes on striatal blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during unexpected rewards and punishments. These drug effects were found to be partially dopamine-dependent, as they were blocked by coadministration with bromocriptine. In contrast, sulpiride elicited opposite effects on behavioral measures of reward and punishment learning. Moreover, sulpiride-induced increases in striatal BOLD signal during both outcomes were associated with behavioral improvement in reward versus punishment learning. These results provide a strong support for current theories, suggesting that drug effects on reward and punishment learning are mediated via striatal dopamine.
TI  - Establishing the dopamine dependency of human striatal signals during reward and punishment reversal learning
EP  - 642
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 633
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs344
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilbers, J.
AU  - Kappelle, A.C.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Steens, S.C.A.
AU  - Meijer, F.J.A.
AU  - Kaanders, J.H.A.M.
AU  - Haast, R.A.M.
AU  - Versteeg, L.E.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Korte, C.L. de
AU  - Hansen, H.H.G.
AU  - Hoebers, F.J.
AU  - Boogerd, W.
AU  - Werkhoven, E.D. van
AU  - Nowee, M.E.
AU  - Hart, G.
AU  - Bartelink, H.
AU  - Dorresteijn, L.D.A.
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/138550
AB  - BACKGROUND: Successful treatment options for cancer result in more young long-term survivors prone for long-term complications. Carotid artery vasculopathy is a potential long-term complication after radiotherapy of the neck, resulting in cerebrovascular events and probably deficits in cognitive and motor functioning. Better insight into the underlying pathofysiology of radiotherapy induced carotid artery vasculopathy is needed for prognostic purposes and to develop preventive strategies. METHODS/DESIGN: The current study is a prospective cohort study on the long-term cerebral and vascular complications after radiotherapy of the neck, in 103 patients treated for head and neck cancer, included in our study database between 2002 and 2008. Baseline protocol (before radiotherapy) included screening for cerebrovascular risk factors and intima media thickness measurement of carotid arteries by ultrasonography. Follow-up assessment more than 5 years after radiotherapy included screening of cerebrovascular risk factors, cerebrovascular events, neurological examination with gait and balance tests, extensive neuropsychological examination, self-report questionnaires, ultrasonography of the carotid arteries with measurement of intima media thickness and elastography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid arteries. DISCUSSION: The current study adds to the understanding of the causes and consequences of long-term cerebral and vascular changes after radiotherapy of the neck. These data will be helpful to develop a protocol for diagnostic and preventive strategies for long-term neurological complications in future head and neck cancer patients with anticipated radiotherapy treatment.
TI  - Long term cerebral and vascular complications after irradiation of the neck in head and neck cancer patients: a prospective cohort study: study rationale and protocol
SN  - 1471-2377
JF  - BMC Neurology
VL  - vol. 14
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-14-132
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/138550/138550.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Hoogenboom, N.
PY  - 2013
SN  - 9789491027512
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/105807
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Neuronal communication in the synchronized brain: Investigating the functional role of visually induced gamma-band activity: Lessons from MEG
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 27 februari 2013
PS  - 143 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/105807/105807.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ba&#x161;náková, J.
AU  - Weber, K.M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Berkum, J. van
AU  - Hagoort, Peter
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115376
AB  - Even though language allows us to say exactly what we mean, we often use language to say things indirectly, in a way that depends on the specific communicative context. For example, we can use an apparently straightforward sentence like &#x201c;It is hard to give a good presentation&#x201d; to convey deeper meanings, like &#x201c;Your talk was a mess!&#x201d; One of the big puzzles in language science is how listeners work out what speakers really mean, which is a skill absolutely central to communication. However, most neuroimaging studies of language comprehension have focused on the arguably much simpler, context-independent process of understanding direct utterances. To examine the neural systems involved in getting at contextually constrained indirect meaning, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging as people listened to indirect replies in spoken dialog. Relative to direct control utterances, indirect replies engaged dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right temporo-parietal junction and insula, as well as bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right medial temporal gyrus. This suggests that listeners take the speaker's perspective on both cognitive (theory of mind) and affective (empathy-like) levels. In line with classic pragmatic theories, our results also indicate that currently popular &#x201c;simulationist&#x201d; accounts of language comprehension fail to explain how listeners understand the speaker's intended message.
TI  - Beyond the language given: The neural correlates of inferring speaker meaning
SN  - 1047-3211
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht112
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
AU  - Snijders, T.M.
AU  - Piantoni, G.
AU  - Kempen, G.
AU  - Vosse, T.
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121919
TI  - Temporal dynamics of word-category ambiguity resolution depend on CNTNAP2 genotype: an MEG study
N1  - 5th Annual Neurobiology of Language Conference, 8 november 2013
N1  - San Diego, California, USA : [s.n.]
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
PY  - 2013
SN  - 978941027468
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/100904
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Imaging the stressed brain : elucidating the time- and region-specific effects of stress hormones on brain function : a translational approach
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 17 april 2013
PS  - 299 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/100904/100904.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Visser, E.
PY  - 2013
SN  - 9789491027444
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/105836
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Leaves and forests. Low level sound processing and methods for the large-scale analysis of white matter structure in autism
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 7 februari 2013
N1  - Promotores : J.K. Buitelaar, D.G. Norris Co-promotor : M.P. Zwiers
PS  - 147 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/105836/105836.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stoit, A.M.B.
AU  - Schie, H.T. van
AU  - Slaats-Willemse, D.I.E.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125501
AB  - Different views on the origin of deficits in action chaining in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been posited, ranging from functional impairments in action planning to internal models supporting motor control. Thirty-one children and adolescents with ASD and twenty-nine matched controls participated in a two-choice reach-to-grasp paradigm wherein participants received cueing information indicating either the object location or the required manner of grasping. A similar advantage for location cueing over grip cueing was found in both groups. Both accuracy and reaction times of the ASD group were indistinguishable from the control group. In contrast, movement times of the ASD group were significantly delayed in comparison with controls. These findings suggest that movement execution rather than action planning is deficient in ASD, and that deficits in action chaining derive from impairments in internal action models supporting action execution.
TI  - Grasping motor impairments in autism: Not action planning but movement execution is deficient
EP  - 2806
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2793
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 43
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1825-8
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
PY  - 2013
SN  - 9789491027543
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/105840
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - When mood meets memory. Neural and behavioural perspectives on emotional memory in health and depression
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 21 maart 2013
N1  - Promotores : Tendolkar, I., Speckens, A.E.M., Becker, E.S.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/105840/105840.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/122921
TI  - Visual stimulus eccentricity affects human gamma peak frequency
EP  - 447
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 0
SP  - 439
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.040
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nanhoe-Mahabier, S.W.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Weerdesteijn, V.G.M.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115427
AB  - BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have an increased gait asymmetry and variability, which is most pronounced in patients with freezing of gait (FOG). We examined if stride time variability and deficits in interlimb coordination between the upper and lower limbs would increase during split-belt locomotion in PD, and particularly so in patients with FOG. METHODS: Fourteen PD patients (seven with FOG, matched for disease severity with the seven non-freezers) and 10 healthy controls walked on a treadmill with split belts at different speeds (2 versus 3km/h). Gait was recorded by means of a video motion analysis system. Outcome measures were stride length asymmetry and variability, stride time asymmetry and variability, ipsilateral and contralateral interlimb coordination, and phase coordination index. RESULTS: Both PD subjects and controls were able to adapt to split-belt walking by modulating their stride length. However, freezers showed a larger increase in stride time asymmetry and stride time variability due to split-belt walking compared to non-freezers. Furthermore, contralateral interlimb coordination improved in control subjects during split-belt walking, but not in PD patients (freezers and non-freezers). Phase coordination index did not change differently across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to walk under split-belt conditions was preserved in PD. Non-freezers and controls compensated for the experimentally increased stride length asymmetry by decreasing their stride time asymmetry. This ability was lost in freezers, who in fact increased their stride time asymmetry during split-belt walking. As a result, stride time variability also increased in freezers. These findings support the hypothesis that FOG is related to gait asymmetries and to gait timing deficits.
TI  - Split-belt locomotion in Parkinson's disease with and without freezing of gait
EP  - 116
SN  - 0306-4522
SP  - 110
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 236
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.038
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolk, A.
AU  - Hunnius, S.
AU  - Bekkering, H.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115390
AB  - A large body of work has focused on children's ability to attribute mental states to other people, and whether these abilities are influenced by the extent and nature of children's social interactions. However, it remains largely unknown which developmental factors shape children's ability to influence the mental states of others. Building on the suggestion that collaborative experiences early in life might be crucial for the emergence of mental coordination abilities, here we assess the relative contribution of social exposure to familial and non-familial agents on children's communicative adjustments to their mental model of an addressee ('audience design'). During an online interactive game, five-year-olds spontaneously organized their non-verbal communicative behaviors according to their beliefs about an interlocutor. The magnitude of these communicative adjustments was predicted by the time spent at daycare, from birth until four years of age, over and above effects of familial social environment. These results suggest that the degree of non-familial social interaction early in life modulates the influence that children's beliefs have on their referential communicative behavior.
TI  - Early social experience predicts referential communicative adjustments in five-year-old children
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 8
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
PS  - 5 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072667
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115390/115390.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuijzen, M.E. van de
AU  - Backus, A.R.
AU  - Bahramisharif, A.
AU  - Döller, C.F.A.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121165
AB  - Visual processing is a complex task which is best investigated using sensitive multivariate analysis methods that can capture representation-specific brain activity over both time and space. In this study, we applied a multivariate decoding algorithm to MEG data of subjects engaged in passive viewing of images of faces, scenes, bodies and tools. We used reconstructed source-space time courses as input to the algorithm in order to localize brain regions involved in optimal image discrimination. Applying this method to the interval of 115 to 315 ms after stimulus onset, we show a focal localization of regression coefficients in the inferior occipital, middle occipital, and lingual gyrus that drive decoding of the different perceived image categories. Classifier accuracy was highest (over 90% correctly classified trials, compared to a chance level accuracy of 50%) when dissociating the perception of faces from perception of other object categories. Furthermore, we applied this method to each single time point to extract the temporal evolution of visual perception. This allowed for the detection of differences in visual category perception as early as 85 ms after stimulus onset. Furthermore, localizing the corresponding regression coefficients of each time point allowed us to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of visual category perception. This revealed initial involvement of sources in the inferior occipital, inferior temporal and superior occipital gyrus. During sustained stimulation additional sources in the anterior inferior temporal gyrus and superior parietal gyrus became involved. We conclude that decoding of source-space MEG data provides a suitable method to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of ongoing cognitive processing.
TI  - MEG-based decoding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of visual category perception
EP  - 1073
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 1063
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 83
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.075
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werf, J. van der
AU  - Buchholz, V.N.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/116649
AB  - Single-neuron recordings have shown that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) processes spatial information in many frames of reference, including gaze-centered, head-centered, body-centered, and intermediate coding frames. At the population level, rhythmic neuronal synchronization may provide a mechanism by which PPC could selectively emphasize the task-relevant reference frame in spatial processing. Using magnetoencephalography, we tested this hypothesis by studying the modulations in oscillatory activity in a spatial updating task. Human subjects had to remember the location of a target, briefly flashed left or right of central fixation. Next, they refixated and then, after a further memory delay, made a saccade to the memorized target location. We observed gamma-band (>40 Hz) synchronization and alpha-band (8-12 Hz) desychronization in contralateral occipital and parietal areas, both showing updating in a gaze-centered reference frame but with fast and slow time courses, respectively. Furthermore, after updating, ipsilateral areas showed less alpha desynchronization when they had been contralateral to the target before updating. Taken together, our results suggest that power in the gamma band is instantly reorganized to encode task-relevant visuomotor space in a gaze-centered reference frame, while power in the alpha band reflects a regulatory mechanism actively facilitating the gating of the saccade target and inhibiting the original stimulus representation.
TI  - Reorganization of Oscillatory Activity in Human Parietal Cortex during Spatial Updating
EP  - 519
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 508
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr387
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zimmermann, M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115377
AB  - Recent studies have highlighted cognitive and neural similarities between planning and perceiving actions. Given that action planning involves a simulation of potential action plans that depends on the actor's body posture, we reasoned that perceiving actions may also be influenced by one's body posture. Here, we test whether and how this influence occurs by measuring behavioral and cerebral (fMRI) responses in human participants predicting goals of observed actions, while manipulating postural congruency between their own body posture and postures of the observed agents. Behaviorally, predicting action goals is facilitated when the body posture of the observer matches the posture achieved by the observed agent at the end of his action (action's goal posture). Cerebrally, this perceptual postural congruency effect modulates activity in a portion of the left intraparietal sulcus that has previously been shown to be involved in updating neural representations of one's own limb posture during action planning. This intraparietal area showed stronger responses when the goal posture of the observed action did not match the current body posture of the observer. These results add two novel elements to the notion that perceiving actions relies on the same predictive mechanism as planning actions. First, the predictions implemented by this mechanism are based on the current physical configuration of the body. Second, during both action planning and action observation, these predictions pertain to the goal state of the action.
TI  - Body Posture Modulates Action Perception
EP  - 5938
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 14
SP  - 5930
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 33
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5570-12.2013
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115377/115377.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veugen, L.C.
AU  - Hoffland, B.S.
AU  - Stegeman, D.F.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115399
AB  - Writer's cramp is a task-specific form of focal dystonia, characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the hand and arm during writing. Two consistent abnormalities in its pathophysiology are a loss of surround inhibition and overactivity of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). This study aimed to assess a possible link between these two phenomena by investigating whether PMd inhibition leads to an improvement of surround inhibition, in parallel with previously demonstrated writing improvement. Fifteen writer's cramp patients and ten controls performed a simple motor hand task during which surround inhibition was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Motor cortical excitability was measured of the active and surround muscles at three phases of the task. Surround inhibition and writing performance were assessed before and after PMd inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation. In contrast to healthy controls, patients did not show inhibition of the abductor digiti minimi muscle during movement initiation of the first dorsal interosseus muscle, confirming the loss of surround inhibition. PMd inhibition led to an improvement of writing speed in writer's cramp patients. However, in both groups, no changes in surround inhibition were observed. The results confirm a role for the PMd in the pathophysiology of writer's cramp. We show that PMd inhibition does not lead to restoration of the surround inhibition defect in writer's cramp, despite the improvement in writing. This questions the involvement of the PMd in the loss of surround inhibition, and perhaps also the direct link between surround inhibition and dystonia.
TI  - Inhibition of the dorsal premotor cortex does not repair surround inhibition in writer's cramp patients
EP  - 92
SN  - 0014-4819
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 85
JF  - Experimental Brain Research
VL  - vol. 225
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3350-y
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engert, V.
AU  - Efanov, S.I.
AU  - Duchesne, A.
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Corbo, V.
AU  - Pruessner, J.C.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125338
AB  - Most psychosocial stress studies assess the overall cortisol response without further identifying the temporal dynamics within hormone levels. It has been shown, however, that the amplitude of anticipatory cortisol stress levels has a unique predictive value for psychological health. So far, no "best practice" in how to investigate the anticipatory cortisol stress response has emerged. The goal of the current research was to develop a protocol that would allow for a sensitive and easy-to-implement laboratory-based investigation into anticipatory cortisol stress levels. We initially tested 26 healthy men in either an anticipation- or stress-only condition of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to map the distinct timelines of anticipatory and reactive cortisol release profiles (study 1). Subsequently, we administered the TSST to 50 healthy men such that the cortisol responses to anticipatory and reactive stress components could be dissociated (study 2). In both studies we sampled saliva cortisol at high frequency (at baseline, during 10min of anticipation and during and after 10min of acute stress) and the current mood state pre- and post-stress. We found anticipatory responder rates of 20% and 40%, with peak anticipatory cortisol levels between 14 and 20min after onset of anticipation. Visible changes in reactive cortisol levels occurred only after the termination of the acute stressor. We conclude that the best practice to detect a maximum number of anticipatory responders in the TSST would be to extend the anticipation phase to 15min. In doing so, the anticipatory cortisol peak could be captured at a time-point of the actual stressor that is uninfluenced by reactive cortisol levels. Overall, we could reveal several features of anticipatory responders. Most importantly, there was a positive correlation between anticipatory and reactive stress responses. There was no association between anticipatory cortisol and alpha-amylase as well as subjective-psychological stress responses. Future studies will have to determine whether the anticipatory responders differ with respect to various stress-sensitive parameters like sex, personality, psychological wellbeing or chronic stress.
TI  - Differentiating anticipatory from reactive cortisol responses to psychosocial stress
EP  - 1337
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1328
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Y.
AU  - Shen, W.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Feng, T.Y.
AU  - Huang, H.
AU  - Li, H.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125587
AB  - Core disgust is thought to rely more on sensory and perceptual processes, whereas moral disgust is thought to rely more on social evaluation processes. However, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these two types of disgust. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from participants while they performed a lexical decision task in which core- and moral-disgust words were intermixed with neutral words and pseudowords. Lexical judgment was faster for coredisgust words and slower for moral-disgust words, relative to the neutral words. Core-disgust words, relative to neutral words, elicited a larger early posterior negative (EPN), a larger N320, a smaller N400, and a larger late positive component (LPC), whereas moral disgust words elicited a smaller N320 and a larger N400 than neutral words. These results suggest that the N320 and N400 components are particularly sensitive to the neurocognitive processes that overlap in processing both core and moral disgust, whereas the EPN and LPC may reflect process that are particularly sensitive to core disgust.
TI  - Core disgust and moral disgust are related to distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neural processing: an event-related potential study
EP  - 248
SN  - 0301-0511
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 242
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 94
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairley, K.
AU  - Sent, E.-M.
AU  - Stallen, M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/119316
TI  - De kracht van sociale normen
EP  - 31
SN  - 0013-0583
IS  - iss. 4672S
SP  - 27
JF  - Economisch Statistische Berichten
VL  - vol. 98
PS  - 5 p.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoffland, B.S.
AU  - Kassavetis, P.
AU  - Bologna, M.
AU  - Teo, J.T.
AU  - Bhatia, K.P.
AU  - Rothwell, J.C.
AU  - Edwards, M.J.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/128511
AB  - Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) is a cerebellum-dependent paradigm of associative motor learning, and abnormal EBCC is a neurophysiological indicator of cerebellar dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated impaired EBCC in patients with primary dystonia, but it remains uncertain if this represents actual cerebellar pathology or reflects a functional cerebellar disruption. We examined this further by: (1) studying acquisition and retention of EBCC in a second session in eight patients with cervical dystonia (CD) who had a first session 7-10 days earlier; and (2) by investigating the potential of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the right cerebellar hemisphere to modify a first-ever EBCC session in 11 patients with CD. EBCC data of eight healthy controls previously studied were used for additional between-group comparisons. We observed an improvement of EBCC in a second session in patients with CD, which is in contrast to patients with proven cerebellar pathology who do not show further improvement of EBCC in additional sessions. We also found that cerebellar cTBS paradoxically normalized EBCC in patients with CD, while we previously showed that it disrupts EBCC in healthy volunteers. Combined, these two experiments are in keeping with a functional and reversible disruption of the cerebellum in dystonia, a phenomenon that is probably secondary to either cerebellar compensation or to cerebellar recruitment in the abnormal sensorimotor network.
TI  - Cerebellum-dependent associative learning deficits in primary dystonia are normalized by rTMS and practice
EP  - 2171
SN  - 0953-816X
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 2166
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12186
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delnooz, C.C.S.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115383
TI  - De "sensory trick".
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 3
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 114
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delnooz, C.C.S.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115441
AB  - Simple writer's cramp (WC) is a task-specific form of dystonia, characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the hand during writing. It is extremely task-specific, since dystonic symptoms can occur when a patient uses a pencil for writing, but not when it is used for sharpening. Maladaptive plasticity, loss of inhibition, and abnormal sensory processing are important pathophysiological elements of WC. However, it remains unclear how those elements can account for its task-specificity. We used fMRI to isolate cerebral alterations associated with the task-specificity of simple WC. Subjects (13 simple WC patients, 20 matched controls) imagined grasping a pencil to either write with it or sharpen it. On each trial, we manipulated the pencil's position and the number of imagined movements, while monitoring variations in motor output with electromyography. We show that simple WC is characterized by abnormally increased activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) when imagined actions are specifically related to writing. This cerebral effect was independent from the known deficits in dystonia in generating focal motor output and in processing somatosensory feedback. This abnormal activity of the PMd suggests that the task-specific element of simple WC is primarily due to alterations at the planning level, in the computations that transform a desired action outcome into the motor commands leading to that action. These findings open the way for testing the therapeutic value of interventions that take into account the computational substrate of task-specificity in simple WC, e.g. modulations of PMd activity during the planning phase of writing.
TI  - Writer's cramp: increased dorsal premotor activity during intended writing
EP  - 625
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 613
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 34
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21464
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delnooz, C.C.S.
AU  - Wevers, R.A.
AU  - Quadri, M.
AU  - Clayton, P.T.
AU  - Mills, P.B.
AU  - Tuschl, K.
AU  - Steenbergen, E.J.
AU  - Bonifati, V.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115418
TI  - Phenotypic variability in a dystonia family with mutations in the manganese transporter gene
EP  - 686
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 685
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25390
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Meijer, F.J.A.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115412
TI  - POLG mutation presenting with late-onset jerky torticollis
EP  - 905
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 903
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 260
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6776-z
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaalen, J. van
AU  - Vermeer, S.
AU  - Veluw, M. van
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Dooijes, D.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/128588
TI  - A de novo SCA14 mutation in an isolated case of late-onset cerebellar ataxia
EP  - 1903
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - 1902
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25572
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Boogaarts, H.D.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Dijk, E. van
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/128634
TI  - Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome after chewing khat leaves
EP  - 159
SN  - 1015-9770
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 158
JF  - Cerebrovascular Diseases
VL  - vol. 36
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000353664
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kwaasteniet, B. de
AU  - Ruhe, E.
AU  - Caan, M.
AU  - Rive, M.
AU  - Olabarriaga, S.
AU  - Groefsema, M.M.
AU  - Heesink, L.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Denys, D.A.J.P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/157196
AB  - Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by abnormalities in both brain structure and function within a frontolimbic network. However, little is known about the relation between structural and functional abnormalities in MDD. Here, we used a multimodal neuroimaging approach to investigate the relation between structural connectivity and functional connectivity within the frontolimbic network. Methods: Eighteen MDD and 24 healthy control subjects were included, of which the integrity of the uncinate fasciculus was assessed that connects the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) with diffusion tensor imaging. Furthermore, we assessed the functional connectivity between these brain regions with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The results showed that white matter integrity of the uncinate fasciculus was reduced and that functional connectivity between the subgenual ACC and MTL was enhanced in MDD. Importantly, we identified a negative correlation between uncinate fasciculus integrity and subgenual ACC functional connectivity with the bilateral hippocampus in MDD but not in healthy control subjects. Moreover, this negative structure-function relation in MDD was positively associated with depression severity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that structural abnormalities in MDD are associated with increased functional connectivity between subgenual ACC and MTL and that these changes are concomitant with severity of depressive symptoms. This association indicates that structural abnormalities in MDD contribute to increased functional connectivity within the frontolimbic network.
TI  - Relation between structural and functional connectivity in major depressive disorder
EP  - 47
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 40
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 74
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Honk, J. van
AU  - Ramsey, N.F.
AU  - Stein, D.J.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/126086
AB  - Data from both rodents and humans show that testosterone reduces fear. This effect is hypothesized to result from testosterone's down regulating effects on the amygdala, a key region in the detection of threat and instigator of fight-or-flight behavior. However, neuroimaging studies employing testosterone administration in humans have consistently shown increased amygdala responsivity. Yet, no study to date has investigated specifically how testosterone affects the amygdala response to fearful emotional expressions. Such stimuli signal the presence of environmental threat and elicit robust amygdala responses that have consistently been associated with anxious traits. In the present study, we therefore used functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with a single administration of 0.5mg testosterone in 12 healthy women to assess testosterone's effects on amygdala responses to dynamic fearful (and happy control) faces. Our results show that both stimuli activate the amygdala. Notably, testosterone increased the amygdala response to both stimuli, and to an equal degree. Thus, testosterone appears not to reduce fear by attenuating the amygdala response toward signals of threat. Data further show that testosterone selectively increases activation of the superficial amygdala (SFA) and, to a lesser extent, the basolateral amygdala (BLA). No effect was found in the central nucleus, which is involved in the generation of autonomic fear responses. Both the SFA and BLA are considered input regions, and enhanced activation by testosterone might reflect the role of this hormone in adaptive responding to socially relevant stimuli. Furthermore, literature on the distinct roles of the SFA and BLA in fear processing show that increased activation of these subregions of the amygdala is consistent with a fear reducing effect of testosterone.
TI  - Testosterone administration in women increases amygdala responses to fearful and happy faces
EP  - 817
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 808
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Beul, S.F.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Henson, R.N.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/119261
AB  - Information that is congruent with prior knowledge is generally remembered better than incongruent information. This effect of congruency on memory has been attributed to a facilitatory influence of activated schemas on memory encoding and consolidation processes, and hypothesised to reflect a shift between processing in medial temporal lobes (MTL) towards processing in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To investigate this shift, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activity during paired-associate encoding across three levels of subjective congruency of the association with prior knowledge. Participants indicated how congruent they found an object-scene pair during scanning, and were tested on item and associative recognition memory for these associations one day later. Behaviourally, we found a monotonic increase in memory performance with increasing congruency for both item and associative memory. Moreover, as hypothesised, encoding-related activity in mPFC increased linearly with increasing congruency, whereas MTL showed the opposite pattern of increasing encoding-related activity with decreasing congruency. Additionally, mPFC showed increased functional connectivity with a region in the ventral visual stream, presumably related to the binding of visual representations. These results support predictions made by a recent neuroscientific framework concerning the effects of schema on memory. Specifically, our findings show that enhanced memory for more congruent information is mediated by the mPFC, which is hypothesised to guide integration of new information into a pre-existing schema represented in cortical areas, while memory for more incongruent information relies instead on automatic encoding of arbitrary associations by the MTL.
TI  - Differential roles for medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortices in schema-dependent encoding: From congruent to incongruent
EP  - 2359
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2352
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 51
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.027
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/119261/119261.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135792
AB  - A host of animal work demonstrates that the retention benefit for emotionally aversive over neutral memories is regulated by glucocorticoid action during memory consolidation. Particularly, glucocorticoids may affect systems-level processes that promote the gradual reorganization of emotional memory traces. These effects remain largely uninvestigated in humans. Therefore, in this functional magnetic resonance imaging study we administered hydrocortisone during a polysomnographically monitored night of sleep directly after healthy volunteers studied negative and neutral pictures in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design. The following evening memory consolidation was probed during a recognition memory test in the MR scanner by assessing the difference in brain activity associated with memory for the consolidated items studied before sleep and new, unconsolidated items studied shortly before test (remote vs. recent memory paradigm). Hydrocortisone administration resulted in elevated cortisol levels throughout the experimental night with no group difference at recent encoding or test. Behaviorally, we showed that cortisol enhanced the difference between emotional and neutral consolidated memory, effectively prioritizing emotional memory consolidation. On a neural level, we found that cortisol reduced amygdala reactivity related to the retrieval of these same consolidated, negative items. These findings show that cortisol administration during first post-encoding sleep had a twofold effect on the first 24h of emotional memory consolidation. While cortisol prioritized recognition memory for emotional items, it reduced reactivation of the neural circuitry underlying emotional responsiveness during retrieval. These findings fit recent theories on emotional depotentiation following consolidation during sleep, although future research should establish the sleep-dependence of this effect. Moreover, our data may shed light on mechanisms underlying potential therapeutic effects of cortisol administration following psychological trauma.
TI  - The effect of exogenous cortisol during sleep on the behavioral and neural correlates of emotional memory consolidation in humans
EP  - 1649
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1639
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.01.009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleinnijenhuis, D.H.
AU  - Zerbi, V.
AU  - Kusters, M.J.A.M.
AU  - Slump, C.H.
AU  - Barth, M.
AU  - Cappellen van Walsum, A.M van
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125269
AB  - One of the most prominent characteristics of the human neocortex is its laminated structure. The first person to observe this was Francesco Gennari in the second half the 18th century: in the middle of the depth of primary visual cortex, myelinated fibres are so abundant that he could observe them with bare eyes as a white line. Because of its saliency, the stria of Gennari has a rich history in cyto- and myeloarchitectural research as well as in magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy. In the present paper we show for the first time the layered structure of the human neocortex with ex vivo diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). To achieve the necessary spatial and angular resolution, primary visual cortex samples were scanned on an 11.7 T small-animal MR system to characterize the diffusion properties of the cortical laminae and the stria of Gennari in particular. The results demonstrated that fractional anisotropy varied over cortical depth, showing reduced anisotropy in the stria of Gennari, the inner band of Baillarger and the deepest layer of the cortex. Orientation density functions showed multiple components in the stria of Gennari and deeper layers of the cortex. Potential applications of layer-specific diffusion imaging include characterization of clinical abnormalities, cortical mapping and (intra)cortical tractography. We conclude that future high-resolution in vivo cortical DWI investigations should take into account the layer-specificity of the diffusion properties.
TI  - Layer-specific diffusion weighted imaging in human primary visual cortex in vitro
EP  - 2582
SN  - 0010-9452
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 2569
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.015
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chavarria-Siles, I.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Lips, E.
AU  - Arias-Vasquez, A.
AU  - Verhage, M.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Posthuma, D.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125481
TI  - Genes Encoding Heterotrimeric G-proteins Are Associated with Gray Matter Volume Variations in the Medial Frontal Cortex
EP  - 1030
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1025
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs061
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broek, G.S.E. van den
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Segers, P.C.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Verhoeven, L.T.W.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125706
AB  - Tests that require memory retrieval strongly improve long-term retention in comparison to continued studying. For example, once learners know the translation of a word, restudy practice, during which they see the word and its translation again, is less effective than testing practice, during which they see only the word and retrieve the translation from memory. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated the neuro-cognitive mechanisms underlying this striking testing effect. Twenty-six young adults without prior knowledge of Swahili learned the translation of 100 Swahili words and then further practiced the words in an fMRI scanner by restudying or by testing. Recall of the translations on a final memory test after one week was significantly better and faster for tested words than for restudied words. Brain regions that were more active during testing than during restudying included the left inferior frontal gyrus, ventral striatum, and midbrain areas. Increased activity in the left inferior parietal and left middle temporal areas during testing but not during restudying predicted better recall on the final memory test. Together, results suggest that testing may be more beneficial than restudying due to processes related to targeted semantic elaboration and selective strengthening of associations between retrieval cues and relevant responses, and may involve increased effortful cognitive control and modulations of memory through striatal motivation and reward circuits.
TI  - Neural correlates of testing effects in vocabulary learning
EP  - 102
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 94
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 78
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.071
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/125706/125706.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115381
AB  - Newly learned information that is congruent with a preexisting schema is often better remembered than information that is incongruent. This schema effect on memory has previously been associated to more efficient encoding and consolidation mechanisms. However, this effect is not always consistently supported in the literature, with differential schema effects reported for different types of memory, different retrieval cues, and the possibility of time-dependent effects related to consolidation processes. To examine these effects more directly, we tested participants on two different types of memory (item recognition and associative memory) for newly encoded visuo-tactile associations at different study-test intervals, thus probing memory retrieval accuracy for schema-congruent and schema-incongruent items and associations at different time points (t = 0, t = 20, and t = 48 hours) after encoding. Results show that the schema effect on visual item recognition only arises after consolidation, while the schema effect on associative memory is already apparent immediately after encoding, persisting, but getting smaller over time. These findings give further insight into different factors influencing the schema effect on memory, and can inform future schema experiments by illustrating the value of considering effects of memory type and consolidation on schema-modulated retrieval.
TI  - Consolidation differentially modulates schema effects on memory for items and associations
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - e56155
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056155
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115381/115381.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gons, R.A.R.
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Dijk, E.J. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/128550
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between physical exercise and the microstructural integrity of cerebral white matter. METHODS: Four hundred forty individuals with cerebral small-vessel disease, aged between 50 and 85 years, without dementia, were included and underwent MRI scanning. Physical exercise was assessed with a structured questionnaire. The cross-sectional relation between physical exercise and the microstructural integrity of the white matter was assessed by applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging parameters. RESULTS: Being more physically active was negatively related to the mean, axial, and radial diffusivity in numerous regions of the white matter, indicative of higher white matter integrity. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an association between physical activity and the integrity of the cerebral white matter's microstructure. Prospective studies are required to investigate a possible causal association between physical activity and cognitive decline.
TI  - Physical activity is related to the structural integrity of cerebral white matter
EP  - 976
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 971
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 81
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a43e33
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theysohn, N.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Maderwald, S.
AU  - Poser, B.A.
AU  - Theysohn, J.M.
AU  - Ladd, M.E.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Gizewski, E.R.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125649
AB  - High field strength functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has developed rapidly. However, it suffers from increased artifacts in brain regions such as the medial temporal lobe (MTL), challenging functional imaging of the hippocampus with the objective of high-spatial resolution, which is particularly useful for this region both from a clinical and cognitive neuroscience perspective. We set out to compare a BOLD sequence at 7 T versus 3 T to visualize the MTL activity during an associative memory-encoding task. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers underwent a blocked-design fMRI at either 3 T or 7 T while performing a face-profession associative memory encoding task. Qualitative analyses of overall image quality revealed that functional images at 7 T were of high quality, showing a good white/gray matter contrast, with reasonably acceptable signal dropouts and artifacts at the lower portion of the temporal lobe. Analyses of task-related fMRI data revealed robust activations in the bilateral MTL during associative memory encoding at both field strengths. Notably, we observed significantly stronger memory-related hippocampal activation at 7 T than at 3 T, suggesting higher BOLD sensitivity at 7 T. These results are discussed in the light of the feasibility of 7 T scanning protocols for the MTL.
TI  - Memory-related hippocampal activity can be measured robustly using FMRI at 7 tesla
EP  - 451
SN  - 1051-2284
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 445
JF  - Journal of Neuroimaging
VL  - vol. 23
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12036
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leeuwen, T.M. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Handel, B.F.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121912
TI  - Real color captures attention and overrides spatial cues in grapheme-color synesthetes but not in controls
EP  - 1813
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1802
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 51
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Snaphaan, L.J.A.E.
AU  - Shumskaya, A.N.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115386
AB  - The pathophysiology of episodic memory dysfunction after infarction is not completely understood. It has been suggested that infarctions located anywhere in the brain can induce widespread effects causing disruption of functional networks of the cortical regions. The default mode network, which includes the medial temporal lobe, is a functional network that is associated with episodic memory processing. We investigated whether the default mode network activity is reduced in stroke patients compared to healthy control subjects in the resting state condition. We assessed the whole brain network properties during resting state functional MRI in 21 control subjects and 20 'first-ever' stroke patients. Patients were scanned 9-12 weeks after stroke onset. Stroke lesions were located in various parts of the brain. Independent component analyses were conducted to identify the default mode network and to compare the group differences of the default mode network. Furthermore, region-of-interest based analysis was performed to explore the functional connectivity between the regions of the default mode network. Stroke patients performed significantly worse than control subjects on the delayed recall score on California verbal learning test. We found decreased functional connectivity in the left medial temporal lobe, posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortical areas within the default mode network and reduced functional connectivity between these regions in stroke patients compared with controls. There were no significant volumetric differences between the groups. These results demonstrate that connectivity within the default mode network is reduced in 'first-ever' stroke patients compared to control subjects. This phenomenon might explain the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction in stroke patients.
TI  - Default Mode Network Connectivity in Stroke Patients
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - e66556
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066556
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115386/115386.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
PY  - 2013
SN  - 9789491027628
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/195326
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Nonreactivity and metacognition in mindfulness
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 20 augustus 2013
N1  - Promotor : Barendregt, H.P. 
Co-promotor : Jensen, O.
PS  - 149 p.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haselager, W.F.G.
AU  - Léoné, F.T.M.
AU  - Toor, D.A.G. van
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115994
TI  - Data en interpretaties in de cognitieve neurowetenschap
EP  - 89
SN  - 0167-5850
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 78
JF  - Justitiële Verkenningen
VL  - vol. 39
PS  - 12 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115994/115994.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Léoné, F.T.M.
AU  - Toor, D.A.G. van
AU  - Haselager, W.F.G.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121894
PB  - Den Haag : Boom Lemma uitgevers
TI  - Cognitieve neurowetenschap en het recht
EP  - 171
SN  - 9789462360259
SP  - 151
CT  - Boone, M.; Brants, C. (ed.), Criminologie en strafrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, E.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Hoekstra, L.
AU  - Opstal, A.J. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125263
AB  - BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with auditory hyper- or hyposensitivity; atypicalities in central auditory processes, such as speech-processing and selective auditory attention; and neural connectivity deficits. We sought to investigate whether the low-level integrative processes underlying sound localization and spatial discrimination are affected in ASDs. METHODS: We performed 3 behavioural experiments to probe different connecting neural pathways: 1) horizontal and vertical localization of auditory stimuli in a noisy background, 2) vertical localization of repetitive frequency sweeps and 3) discrimination of horizontally separated sound stimuli with a short onset difference (precedence effect). RESULTS: Ten adult participants with ASDs and 10 healthy control listeners participated in experiments 1 and 3; sample sizes for experiment 2 were 18 adults with ASDs and 19 controls. Horizontal localization was unaffected, but vertical localization performance was significantly worse in participants with ASDs. The temporal window for the precedence effect was shorter in participants with ASDs than in controls. LIMITATIONS: The study was performed with adult participants and hence does not provide insight into the developmental aspects of auditory processing in individuals with ASDs. CONCLUSION: Changes in low-level auditory processing could underlie degraded performance in vertical localization, which would be in agreement with recently reported changes in the neuroanatomy of the auditory brainstem in individuals with ASDs. The results are further discussed in the context of theories about abnormal brain connectivity in individuals with ASDs.
TI  - Atypical vertical sound localization and sound-onset sensitivity in people with autism spectrum disorders
EP  - 406
SN  - 1180-4882
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 398
JF  - Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.120177
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/125263/12563.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thaler, A.
AU  - Mirelman, A.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Rosenberg-Katz, K.
AU  - Gurevich, T.
AU  - Orr-Urtreger, A.
AU  - Marder, K.
AU  - Bressman, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Hendler, T.
AU  - consortium, L.A.J.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125704
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The G2019S mutation in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is prevalent among Ashkenazi Jewish patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive deficits are common in early stage PD. We aimed to characterize the effect of the G2019S mutation on neural mechanisms of executive function processing by testing whether healthy mutation carriers who are an "at risk" population for the future development of PD differed from non-carriers on an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Stroop interference task. METHODS: Cognitive performance and task related cerebral activity were measured in 40 healthy first-degree relatives of Ashkenazi PD patients (19 carriers and 21 non-carriers of the G2019S mutation). Both regional differences in neural activity and seed region driven functional connectivity methods were performed using fMRI. RESULTS: Compared to non-carriers, mutation carriers had greater baseline deactivation and increased task related activity in the right inferior parietal lobe, right precuneus and right fusiform gyrus. Whole brain functional connectivity analysis revealed stronger coupling between these regions and both basal ganglia structures as well as cortical regions in the carrier group. Non-manifesting G2019S mutation carriers and non-carriers performed similarly on the task and on all other assessed measures, so behavioral differences in task performance and baseline cognitive functions cannot explain the observed imaging differences. CONCLUSIONS: G2019S carriers, at risk for developing PD, had similar behavioral performance as non-carriers during the Stroop task, but increased activity in brain regions that have previously been found to be part of the ventral attention system together with stronger coupling between task related areas and structures that make up the ventral and dorsal attention system as well as the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. This suggests a neural compensatory mechanism that enables intact cognitive performance in asymptomatic mutation carriers.
TI  - Neural correlates of executive functions in healthy G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers
EP  - 2511
SN  - 0010-9452
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 2501
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.017
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Urner, M.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Denys, D.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/126635
AB  - Resting-state studies in depressed patients have revealed increased connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN). This has been associated with heightened rumination, which is the tendency to repetitively think about symptoms of distress. Here, we performed a pharmacological neuroimaging study in healthy volunteers to investigate whether short-term antidepressant administration could reduce DMN connectivity. We recorded resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in twenty-three healthy volunteers after two week intake of the combined serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Duloxetine improved mood in part as a result of increased resilience to the mood-worsening effects of scanning and reduced DMN and TPN connectivity. Within the DMN, duloxetine reduced connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and uncoupled the MPFC from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Within the TPN, duloxetine uncoupled the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) from the inferior occipital gyrus. These results show that two-week antidepressant administration reduces DMN and TPN connectivity in healthy volunteers, which may contribute to their antidepressant effects in depression.
TI  - Short-term antidepressant administration reduces default mode and task-positive network connectivity in healthy individuals during rest
EP  - 53
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 47
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 88C
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.022
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Brunet, N.M.J.J.C.
AU  - Wal, M. van de
AU  - Tiesinga, P.H.E.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/124165
TI  - Robust Gamma Coherence between Macaque V1 and V2 by Dynamic Frequency Matching
EP  - 536
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 523
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Lowet, E.P.
AU  - Brunet, N.M.J.J.C.
AU  - Wal, M. van de
AU  - Tiesinga, P.H.E.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115423
TI  - Robust Gamma Coherence between Macaque V1 and V2 by Dynamic Frequency Matching
EP  - 536
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 523
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 78
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Folia, V.
AU  - Forkstam, C.H.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121916
TI  - Sleep promotes the abstraction of implicit grammatical rule
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 6
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065046
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/121916/121916.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196464
TI  - Fear bradycardia and activation of the human periaqueductal grey
EP  - 287
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 278
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 66
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.063
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolk, A.
AU  - Verhagen, L.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Blokpoel, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Van Rooij, I.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115408
AB  - Human referential communication is often thought as coding&#x2013;decoding a set of symbols, neglecting that establishing shared meanings requires a computational mechanism powerful enough to mutually negotiate them. Sharing the meaning of a novel symbol might rely on similar conceptual inferences across communicators or on statistical similarities in their sensorimotor behaviors. Using magnetoencephalography, we assess spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of neural activity evoked when people generate and understand novel shared symbols during live communicative interactions. Solving those communicative problems induced comparable changes in the spectral profile of neural activity of both communicators and addressees. This shared neuronal up-regulation was spatially localized to the right temporal lobe and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and emerged already before the occurrence of a specific communicative problem. Communicative innovation relies on neuronal computations that are shared across generating and understanding novel shared symbols, operating over temporal scales independent from transient sensorimotor behavior.
TI  - Neural mechanisms of communicative innovation
EP  - 14579
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 36
SP  - 14574
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 110
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303170110
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolk, A.
AU  - Verhagen, L.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Blokpoel, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Rooij, I.J.E.I. van
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115409
AB  - Human referential communication is often thought as coding-decoding a set of symbols, neglecting that establishing shared meanings requires a computational mechanism powerful enough to mutually negotiate them. Sharing the meaning of a novel symbol might rely on similar conceptual inferences across communicators or on statistical similarities in their sensorimotor behaviors. Using magnetoencephalography, we assess spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of neural activity evoked when people generate and understand novel shared symbols during live communicative interactions. Solving those communicative problems induced comparable changes in the spectral profile of neural activity of both communicators and addressees. This shared neuronal up-regulation was spatially localized to the right temporal lobe and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and emerged already before the occurrence of a specific communicative problem. Communicative innovation relies on neuronal computations that are shared across generating and understanding novel shared symbols, operating over temporal scales independent from transient sensorimotor behavior.
TI  - Neural mechanisms of communicative innovation
EP  - 14579
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 36
SP  - 14574
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 110
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303170110
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115409/115409.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grent-'t Jong, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Praamstra, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/132916
TI  - Oscillatory dynamics of response competition in human sensorimotor cortex
EP  - 34
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 27
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 83
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.051
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verberne, S.
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Sappelli, M.
AU  - Hoenkamp, E.
AU  - Koldijk, S.
AU  - Kraaij, W.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115422
TI  - Reliability and Validity of Query Intent Assessments
EP  - 2237
SN  - 1532-2882
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 2224
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
VL  - vol. 64
N1  - 9 augustus 2013
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22948
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115422/115422.pdf?sequence=3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geuze, J.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Farquhar, J.D.R.
AU  - Desain, P.W.M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/111318
AB  - Semantic priming is usually studied by examining ERPs over many trials and subjects. This article aims at detecting semantic priming at the single-trial level. By using machine learning techniques it is possible to analyse and classify short traces of brain activity, which could, for example, be used to build a Brain Computer Interface (BCI). This article describes an experiment where subjects were presented with word pairs and asked to decide whether the words were related or not. A classifier was trained to determine whether the subjects judged words as related or unrelated based on one second of EEG data. The results show that the classifier accuracy when training per subject varies between 54% and 67%, and is significantly above chance level for all subjects (N = 12) and the accuracy when training over subjects varies between 51% and 63%, and is significantly above chance level for 11 subjects, pointing to a general effect.
TI  - Detecting semantic priming at the single-trial level
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 4
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060377
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/111318/111318.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Onnink, M.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Franke, B.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115431
AB  - Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder and several genes increasing disease risk have been identified. The dopamine transporter gene, SLC6A3/DAT1, has been studied most extensively in ADHD research. Interestingly, a different haplotype of this gene (formed by genetic variants in the 3' untranslated region and intron 8) is associated with childhood ADHD (haplotype 10-6) and adult ADHD (haplotype 9-6). The expression of DAT1 is highest in striatal regions in the brain. This part of the brain is of interest to ADHD because of its role in reward processing is altered in ADHD patients; ADHD patients display decreased striatal activation during reward processing. To better understand how the DAT1 gene exerts effects on ADHD, we studied the effect of this gene on reward-related brain functioning in the area of its highest expression in the brain, the striatum, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In doing so, we tried to resolve inconsistencies observed in previous studies of healthy individuals and ADHD-affected children. In a sample of 87 adult ADHD patients and 77 healthy comparison subjects, we confirmed the association of the 9-6 haplotype with adult ADHD. Striatal hypoactivation during the reward anticipation phase of a monetary incentive delay task in ADHD patients was again shown, but no significant effects of DAT1 on striatal activity were found. Although the importance of the DAT1 haplotype as a risk factor for adult ADHD was again demonstrated in this study, the mechanism by which this gene increases disease risk remains largely unknown.
TI  - The dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD
EP  - 478
SN  - 0924-977X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 469
JF  - European Neuropsychopharmacology
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Bruijn, E.R.A. de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125458
AB  - Optimal behavior depends on the ability to assess the predictive value of events and to adjust behavior accordingly. Outcome processing can be studied by using its electrophysiological signatures-that is, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P300. A prominent reinforcement-learning model predicts an FRN on negative prediction errors, as well as implying a role for the FRN in learning and the adaptation of behavior. However, these predictions have recently been challenged. Notably, studies so far have used tasks in which the outcomes have been contingent on the response. In these paradigms, the need to adapt behavioral responses is present only for negative, not for positive feedback. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of positive as well as negative violations of expectancy on FRN amplitudes, without the usual confound of behavioral adjustments. A reversal-learning task was employed in which outcome value and outcome expectancy were orthogonalized; that is, both positive and negative outcomes were equally unexpected. The results revealed a double dissociation, with effects of valence but not expectancy on the FRN and, conversely, effects of expectancy but not valence on the P300. While FRN amplitudes were largest for negative-outcome trials, irrespective of outcome expectancy, P300 amplitudes were largest for unexpected-outcome trials, irrespective of outcome valence. These FRN effects were interpreted to reflect an evaluation along a good-bad dimension, rather than reflecting a negative prediction error or a role in behavioral adaptation. By contrast, the P300 reflects the updating of information relevant for behavior in a changing context.
TI  - Feedback-related negativity codes outcome valence, but not outcome expectancy, during reversal learning
EP  - 746
SN  - 1530-7026
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 737
JF  - Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 13
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-013-0150-1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnoldussen, D.M.
AU  - Goossens, J.
AU  - Berg, A.V. van den
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/126208
AB  - Registration of ego-motion is important to accurately navigate through space. Movements of the head and eye relative to space are registered through the vestibular system and optical flow, respectively. Here, we address three questions concerning the visual registration of self-rotation. (1) Eye-in-head movements provide a link between the motion signals received by sensors in the moving eye and sensors in the moving head. How are these signals combined into an ego-rotation percept? We combined optic flow of simulated forward and rotational motion of the eye with different levels of eye-in-head rotation for a stationary head. We dissociated simulated gaze rotation and head rotation by different levels of eye-in-head pursuit. We found that perceived rotation matches simulated head- not gaze-rotation. This rejects a model for perceived self-rotation that relies on the rotation of the gaze line. Rather, eye-in-head signals serve to transform the optic flow's rotation information, that specifies rotation of the scene relative to the eye, into a rotation relative to the head. This suggests that transformed visual self-rotation signals may combine with vestibular signals. (2) Do transformed visual self-rotation signals reflect the arrangement of the semi-circular canals (SCC)? Previously, we found sub-regions within MST and V6(+) that respond to the speed of the simulated head rotation. Here, we re-analyzed those Blood oxygenated level-dependent (BOLD) signals for the presence of a spatial dissociation related to the axes of visually simulated head rotation, such as have been found in sub-cortical regions of various animals. Contrary, we found a rather uniform BOLD response to simulated rotation along the three SCC axes. (3) We investigated if subject's sensitivity to the direction of the head rotation axis shows SCC axes specifcity. We found that sensitivity to head rotation is rather uniformly distributed, suggesting that in human cortex, visuo-vestibular integration is not arranged into the SCC frame.
TI  - Visual perception of axes of head rotation
EP  - 11
SN  - 1662-5153
SP  - 11
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00011
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/126208/126208.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnoldussen, D.M.
AU  - Goossens, J.
AU  - Berg, A.V. van den
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/125336
TI  - Differential responses in dorsal visual cortex to motion and disparity depth cues
EP  - 815
SN  - 1662-5161
SP  - 815
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00815
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/125336/125336.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Heskes, T.M.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/122389
TI  - Bayesian inference of structural brain networks
EP  - 552
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 543
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 66
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.068
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/122389/122389.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115404
AB  - Premenstrual increases in negative mood are thought to arise from changes in gonadal hormone levels, presumably by influencing mood regulation and stress sensitivity. The amygdala plays a major role in this context, and animal studies suggest that gonadal hormones influence its morphology. Here, we investigated whether amygdala morphology changes over the menstrual cycle and whether this change explains differences in stress sensitivity. Twenty-eight young healthy women were investigated once during the premenstrual phase and once during the late follicular phase. T1-weighted anatomical images of the brain were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed with optimized voxel-based morphometry. To measure mood regulation and stress sensitivity, negative affect was assessed after viewing strongly aversive as well as neutral movie clips. Our results show increased gray matter volume in the dorsal part of the left amygdala during the premenstrual phase when compared with the late follicular phase. This volume increase was positively correlated with the premenstrual increase in stress-induced negative affect. This is the first study showing structural plasticity of the amygdala in humans at the macroscopic level that is associated with both endogenous gonadal hormone fluctuations and stress sensitivity. These results correspond with animal findings of gonadal hormone-mediated neural plasticity in the amygdala and have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of specific mood disorders associated with hormonal fluctuations.
TI  - Menstrual cycle-related changes in amygdala morphology are associated with changes in stress sensitivity
EP  - 1193
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1187
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 34
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21502
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segaert, K.R.
AU  - Weber, K.M.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115434
AB  - Repetition suppression in fMRI studies is generally thought to underlie behavioural facilitation effects (i.e., priming) and it is often used to identify the neuronal representations associated with a stimulus. However, this pays little heed to the large number of repetition enhancement effects observed under similar conditions. In this review, we identify several cognitive variables biasing repetition effects in the BOLD response towards enhancement instead of suppression. These variables are stimulus recognition, learning, attention, expectation and explicit memory. We also evaluate which models can account for these repetition effects and come to the conclusion that there is no one single model that is able to embrace all repetition enhancement effects. Accumulation, novel network formation as well as predictive coding models can all explain subsets of repetition enhancement effects.
TI  - The suppression of repetition enhancement: A review of fMRI studies
EP  - 66
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 59
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 51
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segaert, K.R.
AU  - Kempen, G.A.M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115428
AB  - Behavioral syntactic priming effects during sentence comprehension are typically observed only if both the syntactic structure and lexical head are repeated. In contrast, during production syntactic priming occurs with structure repetition alone, but the effect is boosted by repetition of the lexical head. We used fMRI to investigate the neuronal correlates of syntactic priming and lexical boost effects during sentence production and comprehension. The critical measure was the magnitude of fMRI adaptation to repetition of sentences in active or passive voice, with or without verb repetition. In conditions with repeated verbs, we observed adaptation to structure repetition in the left IFG and MTG, for active and passive voice. However, in the absence of repeated verbs, adaptation occurred only for passive sentences. None of the fMRI adaptation effects yielded differential effects for production versus comprehension, suggesting that sentence comprehension and production are subserved by the same neuronal infrastructure for syntactic processing.
TI  - Syntactic priming and the lexical boost effect during sentence production and sentence comprehension: An fMRI study
EP  - 183
SN  - 0093-934X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 174
JF  - Brain and Language
VL  - vol. 124
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2012.12.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kristensen, L.B.
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115430
AB  - In spoken language, pitch accent can mark certain information as focus, whereby more attentional resources are allocated to the focused information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study examined whether pitch accent, used for marking focus, recruited general attention networks during sentence comprehension. In a language task, we independently manipulated the prosody and semantic/pragmatic congruence of sentences. We found that semantic/pragmatic processing affected bilateral inferior and middle frontal gyrus. The prosody manipulation showed bilateral involvement of the superior/inferior parietal cortex, superior and middle temporal cortex, as well as inferior, middle, and posterior parts of the frontal cortex. We compared these regions with attention networks localized in an auditory spatial attention task. Both tasks activated bilateral superior/inferior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and left precentral cortex. Furthermore, an interaction between prosody and congruence was observed in bilateral inferior parietal regions: for incongruent sentences, but not for congruent ones, there was a larger activation if the incongruent word carried a pitch accent, than if it did not. The common activations between the language task and the spatial attention task demonstrate that pitch accent activates a domain general attention network, which is sensitive to semantic/pragmatic aspects of language. Therefore, attention and language comprehension are highly interactive.
TI  - The interface between language and attention: Prosodic focus marking recruits a general attention network in spoken language comprehension
EP  - 1848
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1836
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 23
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs164
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
AU  - Uddén, Julia
AU  - Barendregt, H.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115730
TI  - Mindfulness reduces habitual responding based on implicit knowledge: Evidence from artificial grammar learning
EP  - 845
SN  - 1053-8100
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 833
JF  - Consciousness and Cognition
VL  - vol. 22
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.05.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kristensen, L.B.
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/121923
TI  - The interface between language and attention: prosodic focus marking recruits a general attention network in spoken language comprehension
EP  - 1848
SN  - 1047-3211
SP  - 1836
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs164
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Schellekens, A.F.A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/122982
AB  - RATIONALE: The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in cognitive functions that are associated with fronto-striatal circuitry and has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is a large variability in the direction and extent of dopaminergic drug effects across individuals. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether individual differences in dopaminergic drug effects on human fronto-striatal functioning are associated with individual differences in white matter tracts. METHODS: The effects of the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 healthy volunteers in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject design. Human psychopharmacology and functional neuroimaging were combined with functional connectivity analyses and structural connectivity analyses to establish a link between dopaminergic drug effects on fronto-striatal function and fronto-striatal anatomy. RESULTS: We demonstrate that bromocriptine alters functional signals associated with attention switching in the basal ganglia. Crucially, individual differences in the drug's effect on these signals could be predicted from individual differences in fronto-striato-thalamic white matter tracts, as indexed by diffusion tensor imaging. Anatomical fronto-striatal connectivity also predicted drug effects on switch-related functional connectivity between the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These data reinforce the link between dopamine, cognition and the basal ganglia and have implications for the individual tailoring of dopaminergic drug therapy based on anatomical fronto-striatal connection strength.
TI  - Anatomical connection strength predicts dopaminergic drug effects on fronto-striatal function
EP  - 531
SN  - 0033-3158
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 521
JF  - Psychopharmacologia
VL  - vol. 227
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3000-5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Schellekens, A.F.A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/123589
AB  - Dopamine in the striatum is known to be important for reversal learning. However, the striatum does not act in isolation and reversal learning is also well accepted to depend on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala. Here we assessed whether dopaminergic drug effects on human striatal BOLD signalling during reversal learning is associated with anatomical connectivity in an orbitofrontal-limbic-striatal network, as measured with diffusion tensor imaging. By using a fibre-based approach, we demonstrate that dopaminergic drug effects on striatal BOLD signal varied as a function of fractional anisotropy (FA) in a pathway connecting the OFC with the amygdala. Moreover, our experimental design allowed us to establish that these white-matter dependent drug effects were mediated via D2 receptors. Thus, white matter dependent effects of the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine on striatal BOLD signal were abolished by co-administration with the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. These data provide fundamental insight into the mechanism of action of dopaminergic drug effects during reversal learning. In addition, they may have important clinical implications by suggesting that white matter integrity can help predict dopaminergic drug effects on brain function, ultimately contributing to individual tailoring of dopaminergic drug treatment strategies in psychiatry.
TI  - Dopaminergic drug effects during reversal learning depend on anatomical connections between the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala
EP  - 142
SN  - 1662-453X
SP  - 142
JF  - Frontiers in Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00142
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/123589/123589.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delnooz, C.C.S.
AU  - Pasman, J.W.
AU  - Beckmann, C.F.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115429
AB  - Cervical dystonia is characterized by involuntary, abnormal movements and postures of the head and neck. Current views on its pathophysiology, such as faulty sensorimotor integration and impaired motor planning, are largely based on studies of focal hand dystonia. Using resting state fMRI, we explored whether cervical dystonia patients have altered functional brain connectivity compared to healthy controls, by investigating 10 resting state networks. Scans were repeated immediately before and some weeks after botulinum toxin injections to see whether connectivity abnormalities were restored. We here show that cervical dystonia patients have reduced connectivity in selected regions of the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex and superior parietal lobule within a distributed network that comprises the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, primary sensorimotor cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex (sensorimotor network). With regard to a network originating from the occipital cortex (primary visual network), selected regions in the prefrontal and premotor cortex, superior parietal lobule, and middle temporal gyrus areas have reduced connectivity. In selected regions of the prefrontal, premotor, primary motor and early visual cortex increased connectivity was found within a network that comprises the prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate cortex and parietal cortex (executive control network). Botulinum toxin treatment resulted in a partial restoration of connectivity abnormalities in the sensorimotor and primary visual network. These findings demonstrate the involvement of multiple neural networks in cervical dystonia. The reduced connectivity within the sensorimotor and primary visual networks may provide the neural substrate to expect defective motor planning and disturbed spatial cognition. Increased connectivity within the executive control network suggests excessive attentional control and while this may be a primary trait, perhaps contributing to abnormal motor control, this may alternatively serve a compensatory function in order to reduce the consequences of the motor planning defect inflicted by the other network abnormalities.
TI  - Task-free functional MRI in cervical dystonia reveals multi-network changes that partially normalize with botulinum toxin
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 5
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 8
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062877
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115429/115429.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jahnke, S.
AU  - Timmer, M.H.M.
AU  - Memmesheimer, R.M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/103406
TI  - Guiding synchrony through random networks
SN  - 2160-3308
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 041016
JF  - Physical Review X
VL  - vol. 2
N1  - PRX
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.2.041016
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/103406/103406.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zimmermann, M.
AU  - Meulenbroek, R.G.J.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/120087
AB  - Abstract: Motor planning is a hierarchical process that is typically organized around an action's goal (e.g., drinking from a cup). However, the motor plan depends not only on the goal but also on the current body state. Here, we investigated how one's own body posture interacts with planning of goal-directed actions. Participants engaged in a grasp selection (GS) task while we manipulated their arm posture. They had to indicate how they would grasp a bar when transporting it from a start to goal position and orientation. We compared situations in which one's body posture was in-congruent with the start posture and/or goal posture of the planned movement. Behavioral results show that GS took longer when one's own body state was incongruent with the goal posture of the planned movement. Correspondingly, neural activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and extrastriate body area (EBA) was modulated by congruency between the body state and the action plan. IPS was sensitive to overall congruency between body posture and action plan, while the EBA was sensitive specifically to goal posture congruency. Together, our results suggest that IPS maintains an internal state of one's own body posture, while EBA contains a representation of the goal posture of the action plan.
TI  - Motor planning is facilitated by adopting an action's goal posture: An fMRI study
EP  - 131
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 122
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr098
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Onnink, A
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Franke, B.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/102979
TI  - The dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD
SN  - 0924-977X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - p. 469
JF  - European Neuropsychopharmacology
VL  - vol. 23
N1  - 4 december 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Boomsma, D.I.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/93934
TI  - Magnetoencephalography in twins reveals a strong genetic determination of the peak frequency of visually induced gamma-band synchronization
EP  - 3392
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 3388
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 32
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5592-11.2012
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/93934/93934.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janse, E.
AU  - Adank, P.M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/101945
TI  - Predicting foreign-accent adaptation in older adults
EP  - 1585
SN  - 1747-0218
SP  - 1563
JF  - The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
VL  - vol. 65
PS  - 23 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.658822
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oostrom, I.I.H. van
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Gerritsen, L.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108387
AB  - Recent meta-analyses point towards a pathogenic role of the Val66Met variant of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in major depressive disorder, specifically in males. We investigated whether BDNF Val66Met shows a male-specific interaction with childhood stressful life events on affective memory bias, a cognitive susceptibility factor for depression. Healthy volunteers (n=430; 272 females and 158 males) were genotyped for BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) and completed the self-referent encoding task and a childhood stressful life events scale. BDNF Met carriers reporting childhood events tended to recall a lower proportion of positive words compared to Val/Val homozygotes reporting childhood events. Sex-specific analyses revealed that the BDNF genotypexchildhood events interaction was significant in male participants and not in female participants. The results suggest that in males, BDNF Val66Met interacts with childhood life events, increasing the cognitive susceptibility markers of depression. In females, this effect may be independent of BDNF Val66Met.
TI  - Interaction between BDNF Val66Met and childhood stressful life events is associated to affective memory bias in men but not women.
EP  - 219
SN  - 0301-0511
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 214
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 89
N1  - 1 januari 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.10.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Jeene, P.
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110747
AB  - Visual cues can ameliorate freezing of gait, an incapacitating symptom frequently seen in patients with parkinsonism. Here, we describe a patient with severe freezing of gait, who responded well to 3-dimensional cues, but not to 2-dimensional visual cues. We discuss the potential implications of this phenomenon.
TI  - Cueing for freezing of gait: a need for 3-dimensional cues?
EP  - 405
SN  - 1074-7931
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 404
JF  - Neurologist
VL  - vol. 18
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NRL.0b013e31826a99d1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kooloos, J.G.M.
AU  - Waal Malefijt, M.C. de
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Vorstenbosch, M.A.T.M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108555
AB  - Anatomy students studying dissected anatomical specimens were subjected to either a loosely-guided, self-directed learning environment or a strictly-guided, preformatted gross anatomy laboratory session. The current study's guiding questions were: (1) do strictly-guided gross anatomy laboratory sessions lead to higher learning gains than loosely-guided experiences? and (2) are there differences in the recall of anatomical knowledge between students who undergo the two types of laboratory sessions after weeks and months? The design was a randomized controlled trial. The participants were 360 second-year medical students attending a gross anatomy laboratory course on the anatomy of the hand. Half of the students, the experimental group, were subjected without prior warning to station-based laboratory sessions; the other half, the control group, to loosely-guided laboratory sessions, which was the course's prevailing educational method at the time. The recall of anatomical knowledge was measured by written reproduction of 12 anatomical names at four points in time: immediately after the laboratory experience, then one week, five weeks, and eight months later. The strictly-guided group scored higher than the loosely-guided group at all time-points. Repeated ANOVA showed no interaction between the results of the two types of laboratory sessions (P = 0.121) and a significant between-subject effect (P </= 0.001). Therefore, levels of anatomical knowledge retrieved were significantly higher for the strictly-guided group than for the loosely-guided group at all times. It was concluded that gross anatomy laboratory sessions with strict instructions resulted in the recall of a larger amount of anatomical knowledge, even after eight months. Anat Sci Educ. (c) 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
TI  - Loosely-guided, self-directed learning versus strictly-guided, station-based learning in gross anatomy laboratory sessions.
EP  - 346
SN  - 1935-9780
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 340
JF  - Anatomical Sciences Education
VL  - vol. 5
N1  - 1 november 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ase.1293
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Haegens, S.
PY  - 2012
SN  - 9789491027246
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/92578
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - On the functional role of oscillatory neuronal activity in the somatosensory system
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 30 maart 2012
N1  - Promotor : Norris, D.G. 
Co-promotor : Jensen, O.
PS  - 133 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/92578/92578.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
PY  - 2012
SN  - 9789491027338
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/93606
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Tackling freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 4 juni 2012
N1  - Promotor : Bloem, B.R. 
Co-promotor : Toni, I.
PS  - 293 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/93606/93605.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cousijn, H.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109040
AB  - Demanding cognitive tasks are sometimes carried out under stressful conditions. Several studies indicate that whereas severe stress impairs performance, moderate stress can enhance cognitive performance. In this study, we investigated how moderate stress influences the neural systems supporting working memory. We embedded an N-back working memory task in a moderately stressful context, as indicated by our physiological stress measures, and probed phasic and tonic human brain activity using two fMRI-techniques: conventional blood oxygen level dependent fMRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL). The results showed that the stress induction, as compared to the neutral control condition, led to slightly faster reaction times without changes in accuracy. In general, working memory processing was associated with increased activity in a frontoparietal network and reduced activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). The stress induction led to enhanced reduction of phasic MTL responses, specifically the hippocampus and amygdala. In addition, ASL showed that stress increased tonic amygdala activity, while tonic hippocampal activity was unaffected. These findings suggest that the influence of stress on MTL deactivation during working memory processing is task-related rather than a general consequence of the stressful state. The temporal suspension of hippocampal processing in favor of more task relevant processes may allow subjects to maintain normal performance levels under moderate stress.
TI  - Phasic deactivation of the medial temporal lobe enables working memory processing under stress.
EP  - 1170
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 1161
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 59
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.027
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Hagen, Y.J.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107945
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Freezing of gait (FOG) is both common and debilitating in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Future pathophysiology studies will depend critically upon adequate classification of patients as being either 'freezers' or 'non-freezers'. This classification should be based ideally upon objective confirmation by an experienced observer during clinical assessment. Given the known difficulties to elicit FOG when examining patients, we aimed to investigate which simple clinical test would be the most sensitive to provoke FOG objectively. METHODS: We examined 50 patients with PD, including 32 off-state freezers (defined as experiencing subjective 'gluing of the feet to the floor'). Assessment including a FOG trajectory (three trials: normal speed, fast speed, and with dual tasking) and several turning variants (180 degrees vs. 360 degrees turns; leftward vs. rightward turns; wide vs. narrow turning; and slow vs. fast turns). RESULTS: Sensitivity of the entire assessment to provoke FOG in subjective freezers was 0.74, specificity was 0.94. The most effective test to provoke FOG was rapid 360 degrees turns in both directions and, if negative, combined with a gait trajectory with dual tasking. Repeated testing improved the diagnostic yield. The least informative tests included wide turns, 180 degrees turns or normal speed full turns. Sensitivity to provoke objective FOG in subjective freezers was 0.65 for the rapid full turns in both directions and 0.63 for the FOG trajectory. DISCUSSION: The most efficient way to objectively ascertain FOG is asking patients to repeatedly make rapid 360 degrees narrow turns from standstill, on the spot and in both directions.
TI  - Freezer or non-freezer: clinical assessment of freezing of gait.
EP  - 154
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 149
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 18
N1  - 1 februari 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.09.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109889
TI  - The neural consequences of combat stress: long-term follow-up
EP  - 118
SN  - 1359-4184
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 116
JF  - Molecular Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.110
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nanhoe-Mahabier, S.W.
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Weerdesteijn, V.G.M.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109899
AB  - BACKGROUND: Under carefully controlled conditions, rhythmic auditory cueing can improve gait in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In complex environments, attention paid to cueing might adversely affect gait, for example when a simultaneous task-such as avoiding obstacles-has to be executed. We primarily examined whether concurrent auditory cueing interferes with an obstacle avoidance task in patients with PD. The secondary aim was to study differences between patients with and without freezing of gait. METHODS: Nineteen patients with PD (8 with freezing) were examined on a treadmill in 4 conditions: normal walking; walking with auditory cueing; walking with an obstacle avoidance task; and walking with auditory cueing and obstacle avoidance. Outcome measures included kinematic gait parameters and obstacle crossing parameters. RESULTS: Auditory cueing improved gait in PD, without negative effects on concurrent obstacle avoidance. Additionally, freezers avoided obstacles less efficiently than non-freezers. CONCLUSIONS: PD patients are able to successfully execute an obstacle avoidance task, when auditory cueing is administered simultaneously. The different obstacle avoidance behavior in freezers may contribute to their higher fall risk.
TI  - The possible price of auditory cueing: influence on obstacle avoidance in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 578
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 574
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 27
N1  - 1 april 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.24935
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerritsen, L.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Kooijman, S.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110356
AB  - According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, stress can lead to brain atrophy by modifying brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Given that BDNF secretion is affected by a common polymorphism (rs6265, Val66Met), which also is associated with depression, we investigated whether this polymorphism modifies the effect of childhood adversity (CA) on local gray matter (GM) volume in depression-relevant brain regions, using data from two large cohorts of healthy subjects. We included 568 healthy volunteers (aged 18-50 years, 63% female) in our study, for whom complete data were available, with magnetic resonance imaging data at 1.5 Tesla (N=275) or 3 Tesla (N=293). We used a whole brain optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach assessing genotype-dependent GM differences, with focus on the amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC; including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitomedial PFC). CA was assessed using a validated questionnaire. In both cohorts, we found that BDNF methionine (Met)-allele carriers with a history of CA had significantly less GM in subgenual ACC (P<0.05) compared with Met-allele carriers without CA and Val/Val homozygotes with CA. No differences were found in hippocampus, amygdala and orbitomedial PFC. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that BDNF Met-allele carriers are particularly sensitive to CA. Given the key role of the subgenual ACC in emotion regulation, this finding provides an important mechanistic link between stress and BDNF on one hand and mood impairments on the other hand.
TI  - BDNF Val66Met genotype modulates the effect of childhood adversity on subgenual anterior cingulate cortex volume in healthy subjects.
EP  - 603
SN  - 1359-4184
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 597
JF  - Molecular Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 17
N1  - 1 juni 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.51
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olde Bekkink, M.
AU  - Donders, R.
AU  - van Muijen, G.N.
AU  - de Waal, R.M.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107832
AB  - In a previous study we demonstrated by a prospective controlled design that an interim assessment during an ongoing small group work (SGW) session resulted in a higher score in the course examination. As this reflects the so-called testing effect, which is supposed to be enhanced by feedback, we investigated whether feedback following an interim assessment would have an effect on the score of the course exam, and whether the effect is influenced by the gender of the student. During a General Pathology bachelor course all 386 (bio) medical students took an interim assessment on the topics cell damage (first week) and tumour pathology (fourth week). The intervention consisted of immediate detailed oral feedback on the content of the questions of the interim assessment by the tutor, including the rationale of the correct and incorrect answers. It concerned a prospective randomized study using a cross-over design. Outcome measures were: (1) the difference in the normalized scores (1-10) of the course examination multiple choice questions related to the two topics, (2) effect of gender, and (3) gender-specific scores on formal examination. The effect of feedback was estimated as half the difference in the outcome between the two conditions. Mixed-model analysis was used whereby the SGW group was taken as the study target. The scores of the questions on cell damage amounted to 7.70 (SD 1.59) in the group without and 7.78 (SD 1.39) in the group with feedback, and 6.73 (SD 1.51) and 6.77 (SD 1.60), respectively, for those on tumour pathology. No statistically significant effect of feedback was found: 0.02 on a scale of 1-10 (95 % CI: -0.20; 0.25). There were no significant interactions of feedback with gender. Female students scored 0.43 points higher on the formal examination in comparison with their male colleagues. No additional effect of immediate explicit feedback following an interim assessment during an SGW session in an ongoing bachelor course could be demonstrated in this prospective randomized controlled study. Gender analysis revealed a higher performance of female students on the formal examination, which could not be explained by the effect of feedback in the current study. In this particular learning environment, SGW, explicit feedback may have little added value to the interactive learning that includes implicit feedback.
TI  - Explicit feedback to enhance the effect of an interim assessment: a cross-over study on learning effect and gender difference
EP  - 191
SN  - 2212-2761
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 180
JF  - Perspectives on Medical Education
VL  - vol. 1
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40037-012-0027-y
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/107832/107832.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olde Bekkink, M.
AU  - Donders, R.
AU  - Muijen, G.N.P. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110522
AB  - Until now, positive effects of assessment at a medical curriculum level have not been demonstrated. This study was performed to determine whether an interim assessment, taken during a small group work session of an ongoing biomedical course, results in students' increased performance at the formal course examination. A randomized controlled trial was set up, with an interim assessment without explicit feedback as intervention. It was performed during a regular biomedical Bachelor course of 4 weeks on General Pathology at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre. Participants were 326 medical and 91 biomedical science students divided into three study arms: arm Intervention-1 (I-1) receiving one interim assessment; arm I-2 receiving two interim assessments, and control arm C, receiving no interim assessment. The study arms were stratified for gender and study discipline. The interim assessment consisted of seven multiple-choice questions on tumour pathology. Main outcome measures were overall score of the formal examination (scale 1-10), and the subscore of the questions on tumour pathology (scale 1-10). We found that students who underwent an interim assessment (arm I) had a 0.29-point (scale 1-10) higher score on the formal examination than the control group (p = 0.037). For the questions in the formal examination on tumour pathology the score amounted to 0.47 points higher (p = 0.007), whereas it was 0.17 points higher for the questions on topics related to the previous 3 weeks. No differences in formal examination score were found between arms I-1 and I-2 (p = 0.817). These findings suggest that an interim assessment during a small group work session in a randomized study setting stimulates students to increase their formal examination score.
TI  - Challenging medical students with an interim assessment: a positive effect on formal examination score in a randomized controlled study.
EP  - 37
SN  - 1382-4996
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 27
JF  - Advances in Health Sciences Education
VL  - vol. 17
N1  - 1 maart 2012
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9291-6
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/110522/110522.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruiter, D.
AU  - Cerroni, L.
AU  - Donders, R.
AU  - Kutzner, H.
AU  - Sangueza, O.P.
AU  - Verhaak, T.
AU  - Walsh, M.
AU  - Kerl, H.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107799
AB  - A detailed analysis of the results of the international annual International Committee for Dermatopathology-Union Europeene des Medecins Specialistes dermatopathology examination was undertaken to identify clues for further improvement. The analysis covered 5 consecutive years (2006-2010) and involved a total of 860 questions (591 common questions and 269 uncommon questions) and 181 participants. It focused on the overall performance of the participants, the performance per part of the examination (theoretical or practical), the performance per format of question (multiple choice or open), the performance per dermatopathological topic, and the performance per professional background (dermatologist or pathologist). The overall performance of the participants was high (on average 75% correct answers in 2006 and 85% correct answers in the subsequent years). In the theoretical part of the examination, the topics of vascular diseases and lichenoid dermatoses scored better than the average of all topics, and the topics of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases and melanocytic disorders scored worse. In the first practical part (interpretation of images), dermatologists outperformed pathologists, especially on providing a diagnosis (open question format) of clinical images. In the second practical part (microscopical examination), the topics of vascular diseases, granulomatous diseases, including necrobiotic and degenerative and metabolic diseases scored better than the average of all topics, and the topic of infectious diseases scored worse. The results of this detailed analysis provide an excellent feedback to the examination committee that will be used to consider the adjustment of parts and/or topics of the examination that showed a deviant performance by the participants. In addition, it is recommended to give more attention to the postgraduate education of certain dermatopathological topics, including cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases, melanocytic disorders, and infectious diseases.
TI  - Evaluation of the ICDP-UEMS Dermatopathology Examination.
EP  - 477
SN  - 0193-1091
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 471
JF  - American Journal of Dermatopathology
VL  - vol. 34
N1  - 1 juli 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0b013e31823904aa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongen, E.V. van
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Barth, M.
AU  - Zapp, J.
AU  - Schad, L.R.
AU  - Paller, K.A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108649
AB  - It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associations with object-related sounds presented concurrently. For half of the associations, the related sounds were re-presented during subsequent slow-wave sleep while participants underwent functional MRI. Compared with control sounds, related sounds were associated with increased activation of right parahippocampal cortex. Postsleep memory accuracy was positively correlated with sound-related activation during sleep in various brain regions, including the thalamus, bilateral medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, postsleep memory accuracy was also positively correlated with pre- to postsleep changes in parahippocampal-medial prefrontal connectivity during retrieval of reactivated associations. Our results suggest that the brain is differentially activated by studied and unstudied sounds during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mnemonic consequences of externally triggered reactivation of associative memories.
TI  - Memory stabilization with targeted reactivation during human slow-wave sleep
EP  - 10580
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 26
SP  - 10575
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 109
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201072109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Kesteren, M. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110762
TI  - Cycling is less affected than walking in freezers of gait.
EP  - 576
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 575
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 83
N1  - 1 mei 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2011-300375
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoffland, B.S.
AU  - Bologna, M.
AU  - Kassavetis, P.
AU  - Teo, J.T.
AU  - Rothwell, J.C.
AU  - Yeo, C.H.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Edwards, M.J.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110511
AB  - Theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have after-effects on excitability of motor areas thought to be due to LTP- and LTD-like processes at cortical synapses. The present experiments ask whether, despite the low intensities of stimulation used and the anatomy of the posterior fossa, TBS can also influence the cerebellum. Acquisition and retention of eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) was examined in 30 healthy volunteers after continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the right cerebellar hemisphere. In subjects who received cerebellar cTBS, conditioned responses were fewer and their onsets were earlier (in the last half of the acquisition blocks) than those from control subjects. There was, however, no effect of cerebellar cTBS on the re-acquisition of EBCC in another session of EBCC 7-10 days later. There was also no effect of cerebellar cTBS on the re-acquisition of EBCC in subjects not naive to EBCC when the stimulation was delivered immediately before a re-acquisition session. Control experiments verified that suppressive effects of cTBS on EBCC were not due to changes in motor cortical excitability or sensory disturbance caused by cTBS. Based on previous EBCC studies in various cerebellar pathologies, our data are compatible with the hypothesis that cerebellar cTBS has a focal cerebellar cortical effect, and are broadly in line with data from studies of EBCC in various animal models. These results confirm that cerebellar TBS has measurable effects on the function of the cerebellum, and indicate it is a useful non-invasive technique with which to explore cerebellar physiology and function in humans.
TI  - Cerebellar theta burst stimulation impairs eyeblink classical conditioning.
EP  - 897
SN  - 0022-3751
IS  - iss. Pt 4
SP  - 887
JF  - Journal of Physiology
VL  - vol. 590
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.218537
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sadnicka, A.
AU  - Hoffland, B.S.
AU  - Bhatia, K.P.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Edwards, M.J.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109767
AB  - Dystonia has historically been considered a disorder of the basal ganglia. This review aims to critically examine the evidence for a role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of dystonia. We compare and attempt to link the information available from both clinical and experimental studies; work detailing cerebellar connectivity in primates; data that suggests a role for the cerebellum in the genesis of dystonia in murine models; clinical observation in humans with structural lesions and heredodegenerative disorders of the cerebellum; and imaging studies of patients with dystonia. The typical electrophysiological findings in dystonia are the converse to those found in cerebellar lesions. However, certain subtypes of dystonia mirror cerebellar patterns of increased cortical inhibition. Furthermore, altered cerebellar function can be demonstrated in adult onset focal dystonia with impaired cerebellar inhibition of motor cortex and abnormal eyeblink classical conditioning. We propose that abnormal, likely compensatory activity of the cerebellum is an important factor within pathophysiological models of dystonia. Work in this exciting area has only just begun but it is likely that the cerebellum will have a key place within future models of dystonia.
TI  - The cerebellum in dystonia - help or hindrance?
EP  - 70
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 65
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 123
N1  - 1 januari 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.04.027
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110095
AB  - Exposure to an acute stressor can lead to unreliable remembrance of intrinsically neutral information, as exemplified by low reliability of eyewitness memories, which stands in contrast with enhanced memory for the stressful incident itself. Stress-sensitive neuromodulators (e.g., catecholamines) are believed to cause this low reliability by altering neurocognitive processes underlying memory formation. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural activity during memory formation in 44 young, healthy human participants while incidentally encoding emotionally neutral, complex scenes embedded in either a stressful or neutral context. We recorded event-related pupil dilation responses as an indirect index of phasic noradrenergic activity. Autonomic, endocrine, and psychological measures were acquired to validate stress manipulation. Acute stress during encoding led to a more liberal response bias (more hits and false alarms) when testing memory for the scenes 24 h later. The strength of this bias correlated negatively with pupil dilation responses and positively with stress-induced heart rate increases at encoding. Acute stress, moreover, reduced subsequent memory effects (SMEs; items later remembered vs forgotten) in hippocampus and midbrain, and in pupil dilation responses. The diminished SMEs indicate reduced selectivity and specificity in mnemonic processing during memory formation. This is in line with a model in which stress-induced catecholaminergic hyperactivation alters phasic neuromodulatory signaling in memory-related circuits, resulting in generalized (gist-based) processing at the cost of specificity. Thus, one may speculate that loss of specificity may yield less discrete memory representations at time of encoding, thereby causing a more liberal response bias when probing these memories.
TI  - Understanding low reliability of memories for neutral information encoded under stress: alterations in memory-related activation in the hippocampus and midbrain.
EP  - 4041
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 4032
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 32
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3101-11.2012
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/110095/110095.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Cousijn, H.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109795
AB  - Acute stress has an important impact on higher-order cognitive functions supported by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) such as working memory (WM). In rodents, such effects are mediated by stress-induced alterations in catecholaminergic signaling, but human data in support of this notion is lacking. A common variation in the gene encoding Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is known to affect basal catecholaminergic availability and PFC functions. Here, we investigated whether this genetic variation (Val158Met) modulates effects of stress on WM-related neural activity in humans. In a counterbalanced crossover design, 41 healthy young men underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a numerical N-back WM task embedded in a stressful or neutral context. Moderate psychological stress was induced by a well-controlled procedure involving viewing strongly aversive (versus emotionally neutral) movie material in combination with a self-referencing instruction. Acute stress resulted in genotype-dependent effects on WM performance and WM-related activation in the dorsolateral PFC, with a relatively negative impact of stress in COMT Met-homozygotes as opposed to a relatively positive effect in Val-carriers. A parallel interaction was found for WM-related deactivation in the anterior medial temporal lobe (MTL). Our findings suggest that individuals with higher baseline catecholaminergic availability (COMT Met-homozygotes) appear to reach a supraoptimal state under moderate levels of stress. In contrast, individuals with lower baselines (Val-carriers) may reach an optimal state. Thus, our data show that effects of acute stress on higher-order cognitive functions vary depending on catecholaminergic availability at baseline, and thereby corroborate animal models of catecholaminergic signaling that propose a non-linear relationship between catecholaminergic activity and prefrontal functions.
TI  - The effect of moderate acute psychological stress on working memory-related neural activity is modulated by a genetic variation in catecholaminergic function in humans.
EP  - 16
SN  - 1662-5145
SP  - 16
JF  - Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 6
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00016
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/109795/109795.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Ramsey, N.F.
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109890
AB  - Recently, we demonstrated that the steroid-hormone testosterone reduces interpersonal trust in humans. The neural mechanism which underlies this effect is however unknown. It has been proposed that testosterone increases social vigilance via neuropeptide systems in the amygdala, augmenting communication between the amygdala and the brain stem. However, testosterone also affects connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala, which could subsequently lead to increased vigilance by reduced top-down control over the amygdala. Here, in a placebo-controlled testosterone administration study with 16 young women, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to get more insights into neural mechanisms whereby testosterone acts on trust. Several cortical systems, among others the OFC, are involved in the evaluation of facial trustworthiness. Testosterone administration decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and the OFC during judgments of unfamiliar faces, and also increased amygdala responses specifically to the faces that were rated as untrustworthy. Finally, connectivity between the amygdala and the brain stem was not affected by testosterone administration. Although speculative, a neurobiological explanation for these findings is that in uncertain social situations, testosterone induces sustained decoupling between OFC and amygdala by a prefrontal-dopaminergic mechanism, subsequently resulting in more vigilant responses of the amygdala to signals of untrustworthiness.
TI  - The neural mechanisms by which testosterone acts on interpersonal trust.
EP  - 737
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 730
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 61
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.002
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Ruiter, J.-P. de
AU  - Noordzij, M.L.
AU  - Newman-Norlund, S.E.
AU  - Newman-Norlund, R.D.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/101696
PB  - Amsterdam : John Benjamins
TI  - Exploring the cognitive infrastructure of communication
EP  - 77
SN  - 9789027202642
SP  - 51
CT  - Galantucci, B.; Garrod, S. (ed.), Experimental Semiotics
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Zuiden, M. van
AU  - Rademaker, A.R.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Kavelaars, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108044
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Individuals who are exposed to a traumatic event are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies have shown that increased amygdala activity is frequently found in patients with PTSD. In addition, pre-trauma glucocorticoid receptor (GR) number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been found to be a significant predictor for the development of PTSD symptoms. Research in rodents has shown that the response of basolateral amygdala neurons to corticosterone is mediated by GR. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has investigated GR number in PBMCs and amygdala function in humans. METHODS: To investigate whether peripheral GR number is related to amygdala functioning, we assessed GR number in PBMCs of healthy soldiers before their deployment to Afghanistan. Amygdala functioning was assessed with fMRI before and after deployment. RESULTS: We found that pre-deployment GR number was significantly negatively correlated to pre-deployment amygdala activity. More importantly, pre-deployment GR number predicted the increase in amygdala activity by deployment. DISCUSSION: Our results demonstrate that peripheral GR number is associated with amygdala functioning and predicts the increase in amygdala activity following military deployment in healthy individuals who did not develop PTSD. It is uncertain how this relationship is mediated mechanistically, but future studies should examine the relation of GR and amygdala activity to determine whether this is part of a common pathway leading to increased vulnerability to stress-related disorders.
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor number predicts increase in amygdala activity after severe stress
EP  - 1844
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1837
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 37
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.017
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/108044/108044.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerritsen, L.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Oostrom, I.I.H. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109103
AB  - Background. Negative memory bias is thought to be one of the main cognitive risk and maintenance factors for depression, but its neural substrates are largely unknown. Here, we studied whether memory bias is related to amygdala and hippocampal volume, two structures that are critical for emotional memory processes and that show consistent volume alterations in depression. Method. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 272 healthy participants (62% female, 18-50 years old). All images were acquired on 1.5 T Siemens MRI scanners. Automatic segmentation of amygdala and hippocampus was performed using the FIRST module of FSL. Negative memory bias was assessed by the self-referent encoding/evaluation test. Results. Negative memory bias was associated with larger amygdala (p = 0.042) and smaller hippocampal (p = 0.029) volumes. In additional analyses, we found that, compared with the associations found with hippocampus and amygdala volume separately, a stronger association was found between negative memory bias and the ratio of amygdala: hippocampus volume (p = 0.021). Conclusions. In non-depressed subjects we found that larger amygdala and smaller hippocampal volumes are associated with negative memory bias. This suggests that an increased amygdala: hippocampus volume ratio plays a role in cognitive vulnerability often seen in individuals with high risk for depression and that these structural brain differences may pre-date the onset of depression. Received 23 January 2011; Revised 15 June 2011; Accepted 15 June 2011; First published online 11 July 2011
TI  - Amygdala to hippocampal volume ratio is associated with negative memory bias in healthy subjects
EP  - 343
SN  - 0033-2917
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 335
JF  - Psychological Medicine
VL  - vol. 42
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171100122X
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kroes, M.C.W.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/194041
TI  - Dynamic neural systems enable adaptive, flexible memories
EP  - 1666
SN  - 0149-7634
SP  - 1646
JF  - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
VL  - vol. 36
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everaerd, D.S.
AU  - Gerritsen, L.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Frodl, T.
AU  - Oostrom, I.I.H. van
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109512
AB  - The common genetic variation of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been related to depressive symptoms, in particular after stressful life events. Although it has been investigated in the past, results suggesting that the 5-HTTLPR genotype also affects hippocampal volume are often inconsistent and it remains unclear to what extent reduced hippocampal volume is influenced by the effect of stressful life events and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Moreover, sex, which is known to affect the prevalence of depression substantially, has not been taken into account when trying to disentangle the interactive effect of common genetic variation and environmental stressors on the hippocampus. We investigated this potentially relevant three-way interaction using an automatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based segmentation of the hippocampus in 357 healthy individuals. We determined the 5-HTTLPR genotype as a biallelic locus and childhood adversity (CA) using a standard questionnaire. An interaction for hippocampal volume was found between the factors sex, genotype, and severe CA (p=0.010) as well as an interaction between genotype and severe CA (p=0.007) in men only. Post hoc tests revealed that only male S'-allele carriers with severe CA had smaller hippocampi (p=0.002). Interestingly, there was no main effect of genotype in men, while female S'-allele carriers had smaller hippocampi than L'L' carriers (p=0.023). Our results indicate that sex modulates the interactive effect of the 5-HTTLPR genotype and CA on hippocampal volume. While the S'-allele is associated with hippocampal volume independent of CA in women, men only have smaller hippocampi if they carry the risk allele and experienced severe CA.
TI  - Sex modulates the interactive effect of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and childhood adversity on hippocampal volume.
EP  - 1855
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1848
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 37
N1  - 1 juli 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.32
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Sappelli, M.
AU  - Verberne, S.
AU  - Heijden, Maarten van der
AU  - Hinne, M.
AU  - Kraaij, W.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/101551
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Collection and Analysis of  ground truth data for query intent
EP  - 10
SP  - 7
CT  - DIR 2012 Proceedings of the Dutch-Belgium Information Retrieval workshop
N1  - DIR 2012 : Ghent, 23-24 February 2012 : 12th Dutch-Belgian Information Retrieval Workshop, 23 februari 2012
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/101551/101551.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108158
AB  - A major challenge in contemporary research is how to connect medical education and cognitive neuroscience and achieve synergy between these domains. Based on this starting point we discuss how this may result in a common language about learning, more educationally focused scientific inquiry, and multidisciplinary research projects. As the topic of prior knowledge in understanding plays a strategic role in both medical education and cognitive neuroscience it is used as a central element in our discussion. A critical condition for the acquisition of new knowledge is the existence of prior knowledge, which can be built in a mental model or schema. Formation of schemas is a central event in student-centered active learning, by which mental models are constructed and reconstructed. These theoretical considerations from cognitive psychology foster scientific discussions that may lead to salient issues and questions for research with cognitive neuroscience. Cognitive neuroscience attempts to understand how knowledge, insight and experience are established in the brain and to clarify their neural correlates. Recently, evidence has been obtained that new information processed by the hippocampus can be consolidated into a stable, neocortical network more rapidly if this new information fits readily into a schema. Opportunities for medical education and medical education research can be created in a fruitful dialogue within an educational multidisciplinary platform. In this synergetic setting many questions can be raised by educational scholars interested in evidence-based education that may be highly relevant for integrative research and the further development of medical education.
TI  - How to achieve synergy between medical education and cognitive neuroscience? An exercise on prior knowledge in understanding.
EP  - 240
SN  - 1382-4996
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 225
JF  - Advances in Health Sciences Education
VL  - vol. 17
N1  - 1 mei 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9244-5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chavarria Siles, I.M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Lips, E.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Verhage, M.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Posthuma, D.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107988
TI  - Genes Encoding Heterotrimeric G-proteins Are Associated with Gray Matter Volume Variations in the Medial Frontal Cortex
SN  - 1047-3211
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs061
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Henson, R.N.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108156
AB  - Information that is congruent with existing knowledge (a schema) is usually better remembered than less congruent information. Only recently, however, has the role of schemas in memory been studied from a systems neuroscience perspective. Moreover, incongruent (novel) information is also sometimes better remembered. Here, we review lesion and neuroimaging findings in animals and humans that relate to this apparent paradoxical relationship between schema and novelty. In addition, we sketch a framework relating key brain regions in medial temporal lobe (MTL) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during encoding, consolidation and retrieval of information as a function of its congruency with existing information represented in neocortex. An important aspect of this framework is the efficiency of learning enabled by congruency-dependent MTL-mPFC interactions.
TI  - How schema and novelty augment memory formation
EP  - 219
SN  - 0166-2236
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 211
JF  - Trends in Neurosciences
VL  - vol. 35
N1  - 1 april 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.02.001
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Backus, A.R.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Doeller, C.F.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/102866
AB  - Repeated reactivation of recently acquired information has been put forward as a candidate mechanism supporting long-term memory consolidation. Evidence from rodent electrophysiology studies suggests that the hippocampus plays a central role in coordinating the reactivation of neocortical memory representations during post-encoding offline periods.
However, evidence from human neuroimaging studies is scarce and it remains unclear at which timescales offline memory reactivation occurs.
In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate changes in the resting-state brain connectivity pattern following a sequence learning task. Participants were required to remember several multi-item sequences, comprising alternating face and scene or faceless body stimuli.
Preliminarily results suggest learning-induced changes in fMRI and source space MEG resting-state connectivity when comparing post-encoding rest with preexperimental baseline periods. Specifically, we observe increased correlation between the hippocampus and specialized ventral visual regions processing the categorical sequence stimuli. 
Moreover, the stimulus-specific connectivity pattern across regions during encoding appears to show increased similarity to the connectivity pattern observed during post-encoding relative to the baseline rest period.
These preliminary findings are in line with evidence suggesting hippocampus mediated neocortical reactivation of recently acquired information during subsequent offline periods. By comparing learning-induced changes in resting-state connectivity from different neuroimaging modalities and relating these observations to subsequent memory performance, we aim at identifying network signatures of memory reactivation at different timescales.
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Sequence learning induces stimulus specific changes in resting-state brain connectivity on multiple timescales
CT  - Abstracts Amsterdam memory Slam 2012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kos, M.
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Snijders, T.M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/102357
TI  - CNTNAP2 and language processing in healthy individuals as measured with ERPs
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - p. art. nr.
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046995
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/102357/102357.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adank, P.M.
AU  - Davis, M.H.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115523
AB  - We investigated how two distortions of the speech signal - added background noise and speech in an unfamiliar accent - affect comprehension of speech using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Listeners performed a speeded sentence verification task for speech in quiet in Standard Dutch, in Standard Dutch with added background noise and for speech in an unfamiliar accent of Dutch. The behavioural results showed slower responses for both types of distortion compared to clear speech, and no difference between the two distortions. The neuroimaging results showed that, compared to clear speech, processing noise resulted in more activity bilaterally in Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Frontal Operculum, while processing accented speech recruited an area in left Superior Temporal Gyrus/Sulcus. It is concluded that the neural bases for processing different distortions of the speech signal dissociate. It is suggested that current models of the cortical organisation of speech are updated to specifically associate bilateral inferior frontal areas with processing external distortions (e.g., background noise) and left temporal areas with speaker-related distortions (e.g., accents). Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TI  - Neural dissociation in processing noise and accent in spoken language comprehension
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - p. 77
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 50
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Udden, J.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115518
TI  - Implicit Acquisition of Grammars With Crossed and Nested Non-Adjacent Dependencies: Investigating the Push-Down Stack Model
EP  - 1101
SN  - 0364-0213
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1078
JF  - Cognitive Science
VL  - vol. 36
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01235.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wagensveld, B.
AU  - Segers, P.C.J.
AU  - Alphen, P.M. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Verhoeven, L.T.W.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115509
TI  - A neurocognitive perspective on rhyme awareness: The N450 rhyme effect
EP  - 70
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 63
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1483
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
AU  - Yang, Y.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115520
TI  - Information Structure Influences Depth of Syntactic Processing: Event-Related Potential Evidence for the Chomsky Illusion
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047917
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115520/115520.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kos, M.
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115519
AB  - It is well-known that, within ERP paradigms of sentence processing, semantically anomalous words elicit N400 effects. Less clear, however, is what happens after the N400. In some cases N400 effects are followed by Late Positive Complexes (LPC), whereas in other cases such effects are lacking. We investigated several factors which could affect the LPC, such as contextual constraint, inter-individual variation, and working memory. Seventy-two participants read sentences containing a semantic manipulation (Whipped cream tastes sweet/anxious and creamy). Neither contextual constraint nor working memory correlated with the LPC. Inter-individual variation played a substantial role in the elicitation of the LPC with about half of the participants showing a negative response and the other half showing an LPC. This individual variation correlated with a syntactic ERP as well as an alternative semantic manipulation. In conclusion, our results show that inter-individual variation plays a large role in the elicitation of the LPC and this may account for the diversity in LPC findings in language research.
TI  - Individual variation in the late positive complex to semantic anomalies
EP  - 318
SN  - 1664-1078
SP  - 318
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
VL  - vol. 3
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00318
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115519/115519.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Junge, C.M.M.
AU  - Kooijman, V.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Cutler, A.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115526
TI  - Rapid recognition at 10 months as a predictor of language development
SN  - 1363-755X
JF  - Developmental Science
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.1144.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Junge, C.M.M.
AU  - Cutler, A.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115513
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence of early word learning
EP  - 3712
SN  - 0028-3932
SP  - 3702
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 50
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Kos, M.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115514
TI  - Empathy matters: ERP evidence for inter-individual differences in social language processing
EP  - 183
SN  - 1749-5016
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 173
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 7
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq094
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115514/115514.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115529
TI  - The neurobiology of syntax: beyond string sets
EP  - 1883
SN  - 0962-8436
SP  - 1971
JF  - Philosophical Transactions - Royal Society. Biological Sciences
VL  - vol. 367
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0101
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Baggio, G.
AU  - van Lambalgen, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115531
PB  - New York : Oxford University Press
TI  - The processing consequences of compositionality
EP  - 672
SP  - 655
CT  - M. Werning, W. Hinzen E. Machery (ed.), The Oxford handbook of compositionality
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Enajat, M.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Kuilenburg, J. van
AU  - Bouwels, L.
AU  - Pop, G.A.M.
AU  - Pop-Purceleanu, M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108900
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy and white matter lesions (WML) may account for the cognitive decline. Though a combination therapy of statins with cholesterol lowering agents like ezetimibe may be beneficial in patients with AF, its effects on MTL structure and WML remains unknown. METHODS: A parallel group double-blinded randomized trial was performed during 1 year whereby elderly stroke-free AF patients either received placebo or atorvastatin and ezetimibe on top oral anticoagulation therapy. Neuropsychological performance and inflammatory markers in the blood were assessed at baseline and 1 year later together with amygdala and hippocampal volume as well as WML. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were assessed for eligibility, but 29 patients had to be excluded so that 34 patients were randomized to both groups. In the treatment group, the systemic level of inflammation was significantly decreased after 1 year and an improvement in cognitive speed as well as short- and long-term memory was observed. While there was no significant difference in MTL volume at baseline, the placebo group exhibited more atrophy for right amygdala and left hippocampus at follow-up. Finally, descriptive data showed a slight decline of WML volume in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of limitations due to small sample size, our data suggest that intensive cholesterol lowering therapy in AF patients may slow cognitive decline and atrophy of the MTL. Though these results have to be replicated in a larger sample, they offer potential for future interventions.
TI  - One-year cholesterol lowering treatment reduces medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory decline in stroke-free elderly with atrial fibrillation: evidence from a parallel group randomized trial.
EP  - 58
SN  - 0885-6230
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 49
JF  - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 27
N1  - 1 januari 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2688
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adank, P.M.
AU  - Noordzij, M.L.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115532
AB  - A repetitionsuppression functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to explore the neuroanatomical substrates of processing two types of acoustic variationspeaker and accentduring spoken sentence comprehension. Recordings were made for two speakers and two accents: Standard Dutch and a novel accent of Dutch. Each speaker produced sentences in both accents. Participants listened to two sentences presented in quick succession while their haemodynamic responses were recorded in an MR scanner. The first sentence was spoken in Standard Dutch; the second was spoken by the same or a different speaker and produced in Standard Dutch or in the artificial accent. This design made it possible to identify neural responses to a switch in speaker and accent independently. A switch in accent was associated with activations in predominantly left-lateralized areas including posterior temporal regions, including superior temporal gyrus, planum temporale (PT), and supramarginal gyrus, as well as in frontal regions, including left pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). A switch in speaker recruited a predominantly right-lateralized network, including middle frontal gyrus and prenuneus. It is concluded that posterior temporal areas, including PT, and frontal areas, including IFG, are involved in processing accent variation in spoken sentence comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TI  - The role of planum temporale in processing accent variation in spoken language comprehension.
EP  - 372
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 360
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 33
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21218
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Weder, N.E.J.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Magyari, L.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115510
AB  - The relationship between the evoked responses (ERPs/ERFs) and the event-related changes in EEG/MEG power that can be observed during sentence-level language comprehension is as yet unclear. This study addresses a possible relationship between MEG power changes and the N400m component of the event-related field. Whole-head MEG was recorded while subjects listened to spoken sentences with incongruent (IC) or congruent (C) sentence endings. A clear N400m was observed over the left hemisphere, and was larger for the IC sentences than for the C sentences. A timefrequency analysis of power revealed a decrease in alpha and beta power over the left hemisphere in roughly the same time range as the N400m for the IC relative to the C condition. A linear regression analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between N400m and beta power for the IC condition, not for the C condition. No such linear relation was found between N400m and alpha power for either condition. The sources of the beta decrease were estimated in the LIFG, a region known to be involved in semantic unification operations. One source of the N400m was estimated in the left superior temporal region, which has been related to lexical retrieval. We interpret our data within a framework in which beta oscillations are inversely related to the engagement of task-relevant brain networks. The source reconstructions of the beta power suppression and the N400m effect support the notion of a dynamic communication between the LIFG and the left superior temporal region during language comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2898-2912, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TI  - Beta oscillations relate to the N400m during language comprehension
EP  - 2912
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2898
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 33
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21410
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiang, H.
AU  - Dediu, D.
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Oort, E.S.B. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115528
AB  - In this article, we report the results of a study on the relationship between individual differences in language learning aptitude and the structural connectivity of language pathways in the adult brain, the first of its kind. We measured four components of language aptitude (vocabulary learning; sound recognition; sound-symbol correspondence; and grammatical inferencing) using the LLAMA language aptitude test. Spatial working memory, verbal working memory and IQ were also measured as control factors. Diffusion Tensor Imaging was employed to investigate the structural connectivity of language pathways in the perisylvian language network. Regression analysis suggested significant correlations between most of these behavioural measures and the structural connectivity of certain language pathways, that is, grammatical inferencing and the BA45- and BA46-Temporal pathway, sound-symbol correspondence and the interhemispheric BA45 pathway, vocabulary learning and the BA47-Parietal pathway, IQ and the BA44- and BA-47Parietal pathways, the BA47-Temporal pathway and interhemispheric BA45 pathway, spatial working memory and the interhemispheric BA6 pathway and the BA47-Parietal pathway, and verbal working memory and the BA47-Temporal pathway. These findings provide further insights into the neural underpinnings of the variation in language aptitude of human adults and are discussed in relation to relevant findings in the literature.
TI  - The Structural Connectivity Underpinning Language Aptitude, Working Memory, and IQ in the Perisylvian Language Network
EP  - 130
SN  - 0023-8333
SP  - 110
JF  - Language Learning
VL  - vol. 62
PS  - 20 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2012.00708.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, E.
AU  - Poser, B.
AU  - Barth, M.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109320
AB  - Inhomogeneities of the main magnetic field cause geometric distortion in echo-planar imaging, a method central to functional MRI. A number of correction methods have been proposed, most of which are based on the acquisition of a fieldmap providing the local offsets to the main magnetic field. Here, accelerated multiecho echo-planar imaging is used, with echo times short enough to enable the construction of a fieldmap of comparable quality from the data themselves. This way, each volume in a time series can be unwarped using a fieldmap obtained from that volume, avoiding volume-to-volume field-motion interactions that invalidate reference data in conventional approaches that use a single, static, fieldmap. The combination of accelerated acquisition with dynamic distortion correction yields volumes with very low distortion at repetition times similar to conventional echo-planar imaging. The method is applied to data acquired at 3 and 7 T and is shown to effectively correct image geometry. Furthermore, it is shown that dynamic distortion correction yields better temporal signal stability than correction using a static fieldmap in the presence of subject motion.
TI  - Reference-free unwarping of EPI data using dynamic off-resonance correction with multiecho acquisition (DOCMA)
EP  - 1254
SN  - 0740-3194
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1247
JF  - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24119
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongen, E.V. van
AU  - Thielen, J.W.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Barth, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/102880
AB  - An outstanding question is whether memory consolidation occurs passively or involves active processes that selectively stabilize memories based on future utility. Here, we differentially modulated the expected future relevance of two sets of picture-location associations after learning. Participants first studied two sets of picture-location associations. After a baseline memory test, they were instructed that only one set of associations would be retested after a 14-hour delay. For half of the participants, this test-retest delay contained a night of sleep; for the other half the delay included a normal working day. At retest, participants were re-instructed and against their expectations tested on both sets of associations. Our results show that post-learning instruction about subsequent relevance selectively improves memory retention for specific associative memories. This effect was sleep-dependent; it was present only in the group of subjects for which the test-retest delay contained sleep. Moreover, time spent asleep for participants in this sleep group correlated with retention of relevant but not irrelevant associations; participants who slept longer forgot fewer associations from the relevant category. In contrast, participants that did not sleep forgot more relevant than irrelevant associations across the test-retest delay. In summary, our results indicate that it is possible to modulate the retention of selected memories after learning with simple verbal instructions on their future relevance. The finding that this effect depends on sleep demonstrates this state's active role in memory consolidation and may have utility for educational settings.
TI  - Sleep supports selective retention of associative memories based on relevance for future utilization
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 8
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 7
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043426
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/102880/102880.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Ferraye, M.U.
AU  - Hendler, T.
AU  - Orr-Urtreger, A.
AU  - Mirelman, A.
AU  - Bressman, S.
AU  - Marder, K.S.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110513
TI  - Cerebral pathological and compensatory mechanisms in the premotor phase of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 parkinsonism
EP  - 3698
SN  - 0006-8950
SP  - 3687
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 135
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws288
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Buenen, N.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/102387
AB  - Compensatory mechanisms are a crucial component of the cerebral changes triggered by neurodegenerative disorders. Identifying such compensatory mechanisms requires at least two complementary approaches: localizing candidate areas using functional imaging, and showing that interference with these areas has behavioral consequences. Building on recent imaging evidence, we use this approach to test whether a visual region in the human occipito-temporal cortex-the extrastriate body area-compensates for altered dorsal premotor activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) during motor-related processes. We separately inhibited the extrastriate body area and dorsal premotor cortex in 11 PD patients and 12 healthy subjects, using continuous theta burst stimulation. Our goal was to test whether these areas are involved in motor compensatory processes. We used motor imagery to isolate a fundamental element of motor planning, namely subjects' ability to incorporate the current state of their body into a motor plan (mental hand rotation). We quantified this ability through a posture congruency effect (i.e., the improvement in subjects' performance when their current body posture is congruent to the imagined movement). Following inhibition of the right extrastriate body area, the posture congruency effect was lost in PD patients, but not in healthy subjects. In contrast, inhibition of the left dorsal premotor cortex reduced the posture congruency effect in healthy subjects, but not in PD patients. These findings suggest that the right extrastriate body area plays a compensatory role in PD by supporting a function that is no longer performed by the dorsal premotor cortex.
TI  - Compensatory activity in the extrastriate body area of Parkinson's disease patients
EP  - 9553
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 28
SP  - 9546
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 32
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0335-12.2012
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/102387/102387.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109991
AB  - Acute stress is known to induce a state of hypervigilance, allowing optimal detection of threats. Although one may benefit from sensitive sensory processing, it comes at the cost of unselective attention and increased distraction by irrelevant information. Corticosteroids, released in response to stress, have been shown to profoundly influence brain function in a time-dependent manner, causing rapid non-genomic and slow genomic effects. Here, we investigated how these time-dependent effects influence the neural mechanisms underlying selective attention and the inhibition of emotional distracters in humans. Implementing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 65 young healthy men received 10 mg hydrocortisone either 60 min (rapid effects) or 270 min (slow effects), or placebo prior to an emotional distraction task, consisting of color-naming of either neutral or aversive words. Overall, participants responded slower to aversive compared to neutral words, indicating emotional interference with selective attention. Importantly, the rapid effects of corticosteroids increased emotional interference, which was associated with reduced amygdala inhibition to aversive words. Moreover, they induced enhanced amygdala connectivity with frontoparietal brain regions, which may reflect increased influence of the amygdala on an executive network. The slow effects of corticosteroids acted on the neural correlates of sustained attention. They decreased overall activity in the cuneus, possibly indicating reduced bottom-up attentional processing, and disrupted amygdala connectivity to the insula, potentially reducing emotional interference. Altogether, these data suggest a time-specific corticosteroid modulation of attentive processing. Whereas high circulating corticosteroid levels acutely increase emotional interference, possibly facilitating the detection of threats, a history of elevation might promote sustained attention and thereby contribute to stress-recovery of cognitive function.
TI  - Time-dependent effects of cortisol on selective attention and emotional interference: a functional MRI study
EP  - 66
SN  - 1662-5145
SP  - 66
JF  - Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 6
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00066
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/109991/109991.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110721
AB  - The amygdala is a key regulator of vigilance and heightens attention toward threat. Its activity is boosted upon threat exposure and contributes to a neuroendocrine stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Corticosteroids are known to control brain activity as well as HPA activity by providing negative feedback to the brain. However, it is unknown how corticosteroids affect the neural circuitry connected to the amygdala. Implementing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, we here investigated the effects of 10-mg hydrocortisone on amygdala-centered functional connectivity patterns in men using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed generally decreased functional connectivity of the amygdala by corticosteroids. Hydrocortisone reduced "positive" functional coupling of the amygdala to brain regions involved in the initiation and maintenance of the stress response; the locus coeruleus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Furthermore, hydrocortisone reduced "negative" functional coupling of the amygdala to the middle frontal and temporal gyrus; brain regions known to be involved in executive control. A control analysis did not show significant corticosteroid modulation of visual cortex coupling, indicating that the amygdala decoupling was not reflecting a general reduction of network connectivity. These results suggest that corticosteroids may reduce amygdala's impact on brain processing in the aftermath of stress in men.
TI  - Corticosteroid induced decoupling of the amygdala in men
EP  - 2345
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2336
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr313
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Pu, Z.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110990
AB  - Stress has a powerful impact on memory. Corticosteroids, released in response to stress, are thought to mediate, at least in part, these effects by affecting neuronal plasticity in brain regions involved in memory formation, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Animal studies have delineated aspects of the underlying physiological mechanisms, revealing rapid, nongenomic effects facilitating synaptic plasticity, followed several hours later by a gene-mediated suppression of this plasticity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that corticosteroids would also rapidly upregulate and slowly downregulate brain regions critical for episodic memory formation in humans. To target rapid and slow effects of corticosteroids on neural processing associated with memory formation, we investigated 18 young, healthy men who received 20 mg hydrocortisone either 30 or 180 min before a memory encoding task in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced, crossover design. We used functional MRI to measure neural responses during these memory encoding sessions, which were separated by a month. Results revealed that corticosteroids' slow effects reduced both prefrontal and hippocampal responses, while no significant rapid actions of corticosteroids were observed. Thereby, this study provides initial evidence for dynamically changing corticosteroid effects on brain regions involved in memory formation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TI  - Dynamically changing effects of corticosteroids on human hippocampal and prefrontal processing
EP  - 2897
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2885
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 33
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21409
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Espay, A.J.
AU  - Fasano, A.
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Payne, M.M.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108813
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the phenotype of levodopa-induced "on" freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: We present a diagnostic approach to separate "on" FOG (deterioration during the "on state") from other FOG forms. Four patients with PD with suspected "on" FOG were examined in the "off state" (>12 hours after last medication intake), "on state" (peak effect of usual medication), and "supra-on" state (after intake of at least twice the usual dose). RESULTS: Patients showed clear "on" FOG, which worsened in a dose-dependent fashion from the "on" to the "supra-on" state. Two patients also demonstrated FOG during the "off state," of lesser magnitude than during "on." In addition, levodopa produced motor blocks in hand and feet movements, while other parkinsonian features improved. None of the patients had cognitive impairment or a predating "off" FOG. CONCLUSIONS: True "on" FOG exists as a rare phenotype in PD, unassociated with cognitive impairment or a predating "off" FOG. Distinguishing the different FOG subtypes requires a comprehensive motor assessment in at least 3 medication states.
TI  - "On" state freezing of gait in Parkinson disease: a paradoxical levodopa-induced complication.
EP  - 457
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 454
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182477ec0
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Fahrenfort, J.J.
AU  - Snijders, T.M.
AU  - Heinen, K.
AU  - Gaal, S. van
AU  - Scholte, H.S.
AU  - Lamme, V.A.F.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/143500
AB  - The human brain has the extraordinary capability to transform cluttered sensory input into distinct object representations. For example, it is able to rapidly and seemingly without effort detect object categories in complex natural scenes. Surprisingly, category tuning is not sufficient to achieve conscious recognition of objects. What neural process beyond category extraction might elevate neural representations to the level where objects are consciously perceived? Here we show that visible and invisible faces produce similar category-selective responses in the ventral visual cortex. The pattern of neural activity evoked by visible faces could be used to decode the presence of invisible faces and vice versa. However, only visible faces caused extensive response enhancements and changes in neural oscillatory synchronization, as well as increased functional connectivity between higher and lower visual areas. We conclude that conscious face perception is more tightly linked to neural processes of sustained information integration and binding than to processes accommodating face category tuning.
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Neuronal integration in visual cortex elevates face category tuning to conscious face perception.
EP  - 21509
SN  - 0027-8424
SP  - 21504
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207414110
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Folia, V.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115370
AB  - : In this paper we examine the neurobiological correlates of syntax, the processing of structured sequences, by comparing FMRI results on artificial and natural language syntax. We discuss these and similar findings in the context of formal language and computability theory. We used a simple right-linear unification grammar in an implicit artificial grammar learning paradigm in 32 healthy Dutch university students (natural language FMRI data were already acquired for these participants). We predicted that artificial syntax processing would engage the left inferior frontal region (BA 44/45) and that this activation would overlap with syntax-related variability observed in the natural language experiment. The main findings of this study show that the left inferior frontal region centered on BA 44/45 is active during artificial syntax processing of well-formed (grammatical) sequence independent of local subsequence familiarity. The same region is engaged to a greater extent when a syntactic violation is present and structural unification becomes difficult or impossible. The effects related to artificial syntax in the left inferior frontal region (BA 44/45) were essentially identical when we masked these with activity related to natural syntax in the same subjects. Finally, the medial temporal lobe was deactivated during this operation, consistent with the view that implicit processing does not rely on declarative memory mechanisms that engage the medial temporal lobe. In the context of recent FMRI findings, we raise the question whether Broca's region (or subregions) is specifically related to syntactic movement operations or the processing of hierarchically nested non-adjacent dependencies in the discussion section. We conclude that this is not the case. Instead, we argue that the left inferior frontal region is a generic on-line sequence processor that unifies information from various sources in an incremental and recursive manner, independent of whether there are any processing requirements related to syntactic movement or hierarchically nested structures. In addition, we argue that the Chomsky hierarchy is not directly relevant for neurobiological systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
TI  - What artificial grammar learning reveals about the neurobiology of syntax
EP  - 95
SN  - 0093-934X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 83
JF  - Brain and Language
VL  - vol. 120
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2010.08.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Louise von Borries, A.K.
AU  - Volman, I.A.C.
AU  - Bruijn, E.R. de
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109224
AB  - Psychopathy (PP) is associated with marked abnormalities in social emotional behaviour, such as high instrumental aggression (IA). A crucial but largely ignored question is whether automatic social approach-avoidance tendencies may underlie this condition. We tested whether offenders with PP show lack of automatic avoidance tendencies, usually activated when (healthy) individuals are confronted with social threat stimuli (angry faces). We applied a computerized approach-avoidance task (AAT), where participants pushed or pulled pictures of emotional faces using a joystick, upon which the faces decreased or increased in size, respectively. Furthermore, participants completed an emotion recognition task which was used to control for differences in recognition of facial emotions. In contrast to healthy controls (HC), PP patients showed total absence of avoidance tendencies towards angry faces. Interestingly, those responses were related to levels of instrumental aggression and the (in)ability to experience personal distress (PD). These findings suggest that social performance in psychopaths is disturbed on a basic level of automatic action tendencies. The lack of implicit threat avoidance tendencies may underlie their aggressive behaviour.
TI  - Psychopaths lack the automatic avoidance of social threat: Relation to instrumental aggression
EP  - 766
SN  - 0165-1781
IS  - iss. 2-3
SP  - 761
JF  - Psychiatry Research
VL  - vol. 200
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.026
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simanova, I.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - van Gerven, M.A.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115521
TI  - Modality-Independent decoding of semantic information from the human brain
SN  - 1047-3211
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
N1  - 25 januari 2013
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs324
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - McNaughton, B.L.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109888
AB  - During encoding, the distributed neocortical representations of memory components are presumed to be associatively linked by the hippocampus. With time, a reorganization of brain areas supporting memory takes place, which can ultimately result in memories becoming independent of the hippocampus. While it is theorized that with time, the neocortical representations become linked by higher order neocortical association areas, this remains to be experimentally supported. In this study, 24 human participants encoded sets of face-location associations, which they retrieved 1 or 25 h later ("recent" and "remote" conditions, respectively), while their brain activity was recorded using whole-head magnetoencephalography. We investigated changes in the functional interactions between the neocortical representational areas emerging over time. To assess functional interactions, trial-by-trial high gamma (60-140 Hz) power correlations were calculated between the neocortical representational areas relevant to the encoded information, namely the fusiform face area (FFA) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). With time, both the FFA and the PPC increased their functional interactions with the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). Given that the ATL is involved in semantic representation of paired associates, our results suggest that, already within 25 h after acquiring new memory associations, neocortical functional links are established via higher order semantic association areas.
TI  - The neocortical network representing associative memory reorganizes with time in a process engaging the anterior temporal lobe
EP  - 2633
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 2622
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr338
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bosman, C.A.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Brunet, N.M.J.J.C.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Bastos, A.M.
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Rubehn, B.
AU  - Stieglitz, T.
AU  - Weerd, P. de
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/103843
TI  - Attentional stimulus selection through selective synchronization between monkey visual areas
EP  - 888
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 875
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 75
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Janssen, M.J.R.
AU  - Oyen, W.J.G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108281
AB  - Dopamine has been implicated in reward-related impulsivity, but the exact relationship between dopamine, reward and impulsivity in humans remains unknown. We address this question in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by severe dopamine depletion. PD is associated primarily with motor and cognitive inflexibility, but can also be accompanied by reward-related impulsivity. This paradoxical symptom of PD has often been attributed to dopaminergic overstimulation by antiparkinson medication, which is necessary to relieve the motor and cognitive inflexibility. However, factors other than medication may also contribute to aberrant impact of reward. Here we assess whether cognitive inflexibility and aberrant reward impact in PD are two sides of the same coin, namely dopamine cell loss. To measure dopamine cell loss, we employed (123)I-FP-CIT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in 32 PD patients (10 never-medicated patients and 22 patients after withdrawal of all medication for >12h) and related the values to behavior on a rewarded task-switching paradigm. Dopamine cell loss was associated not only with cognitive inflexibility (under low reward), but also with aberrant impact of reward. These effects could not be attributed to medication use. Relative to controls (n=26), aberrant reward processing in PD was particularly expressed as reduced capacity to maintain (i.e., repeat) the current task-set under high reward. Our findings demonstrate that factors intrinsically related to PD may underlie the paradoxical symptoms of inflexibility and reward-related impulsivity in PD. The present results concur with observations that low baseline dopamine states predispose to drug and other addictions.
TI  - Aberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss.
EP  - 3346
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 3339
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 59
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.073
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maroteaux, G.
AU  - Loos, M.
AU  - van der Sluis, S.
AU  - Koopmans, B.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Gassen, K.L. van
AU  - Geurts, A
AU  - Neuro, B.M.P.C.
AU  - Largaespada, D.A.
AU  - Spruijt, B.M.
AU  - Stiedl, O.
AU  - Smit, A.B.
AU  - Verhage, M.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108123
AB  - Recognizing and avoiding aversive situations are central aspects of mammalian cognition. These abilities are essential for health and survival and are expected to have a prominent genetic basis. We modeled these abilities in eight common mouse inbred strains covering approximately 75% of the species' natural variation and in gene-trap mice (>2000 mice), using an unsupervised, automated assay with an instrumented home cage (PhenoTyper) containing a shelter with two entrances. Mice visited this shelter for 20-1200 times/24 h and 71% of all mice developed a significant and often strong preference for one entrance. Subsequently, a mild aversive stimulus (shelter illumination) was automatically delivered when mice used their preferred entrance. Different genotypes developed different coping strategies. Firstly, the number of entries via the preferred entrance decreased in DBA/2J, C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ, indicating that these genotypes associated one specific entrance with the aversive stimulus. Secondly, mice started sleeping outside (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J), indicating they associated the shelter, in general, with the aversive stimulus. Some mice showed no evidence for an association between the entrance and the aversive light, but did show markedly shorter shelter residence times in response to illumination, indicating they did perceive illumination as aversive. Finally, using this assay, we screened 43 different mutants, which yielded a novel gene, specc1/cytospinB. This mutant showed profound and specific delay in avoidance learning. Together, these data suggest that different genotypes express distinct learning and/or memory of associations between shelter entrance and aversive stimuli, and that specc1/cytospinB is involved in this aspect of cognition.
TI  - High-throughput phenotyping of avoidance learning in mice discriminates different genotypes and identifies a novel gene
EP  - 784
SN  - 1601-1848
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 772
JF  - Genes, Brain and Behavior
VL  - vol. 11
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00820.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smittenaar, P.
AU  - Chase, H.W.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Nusselein, B.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110797
AB  - Dopamine has long been implicated in reward-based learning and the expression of such learned associations on performance. Robust evidence supports its effects on learning and performance, but teasing these apart has proved challenging. Here we have adapted a classic test of value-based learning, the probabilistic selection task, to disentangle effects of dopamine on value-based performance from effects on value-based learning. Valence-specific effects of dopamine on this specific task cannot be accounted for by modulation of learning, and therefore must reflect modulation of performance. We found that dopaminergic medication, consisting of levodopa and/or dopamine agonists taken at own dose, in 18 patients with mild Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr < 2.5) potentiated reward-based approach in terms of both accuracy and reaction times, while leaving punishment-based avoidance unaffected. These data demonstrate that the effects of dopamine on probabilistic action selection are at least partly mediated by effects on the expression of learned associations rather than on learning itself, and help refine current models of dopamine's role in reward.
TI  - Decomposing effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease on probabilistic action selection - learning or performance?
EP  - 1151
SN  - 0953-816X
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1144
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 35
N1  - 1 april 2012
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08043.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horst, A.C. ter
AU  - Jongsma, M.L.A.
AU  - Janssen, L.K.
AU  - Lier, R.J. van
AU  - Steenbergen, B.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/110909
AB  - In a mental rotation task of objects, typically, reaction time (RT) increases and the rotation related negativity (RRN) increases in amplitude with increasing angles of rotation. However, in a mental rotation task of hands, different RT profiles can be observed for outward and inward rotated hands. In the present study, we examined the neurophysiological correlates of these asymmetries in the RT profiles. We used a mental rotation task with stimuli of left and right hands. In line with previous studies, the behavioral results showed a linear increase in RT for outward rotations, but not for inward rotations as a function of angular disparity. Importantly, the ERP results revealed an RRN for outward rotated stimuli, but not for inward rotated stimuli. This is the first study to show that the behaviorally observed differences in a mental rotation task of hands is also reflected at the neurophysiological level.
TI  - Different mental rotation strategies reflected in the rotation related negativity
EP  - 573
SN  - 0048-5772
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 566
JF  - Psychophysiology
VL  - vol. 49
N1  - 1 april 2012
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01322.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Caan, M.W.
AU  - Kozicz, L.T.
AU  - Olabarriaga, S.D.
AU  - Denys, D.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/109023
AB  - Prolonged stress can have long-lasting effects on cognition. Animal models suggest that deficits in executive functioning could result from alterations within the mesofrontal circuit. We investigated this hypothesis in soldiers before and after deployment to Afghanistan and a control group using functional and diffusion tensor imaging. Combat stress reduced midbrain activity and integrity, which was associated to compromised sustained attention. Long-term follow-up showed that the functional and structural changes had normalized within 1.5 y. In contrast, combat stress induced a persistent reduction in functional connectivity between the midbrain and prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that combat stress has adverse effects on the human mesofrontal circuit and suggests that these alterations are partially reversible.
TI  - Persistent and reversible consequences of combat stress on the mesofrontal circuit and cognition
EP  - 15513
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 38
SP  - 15508
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 109
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206330109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Caan, M.W.A.
AU  - Kozicz, L.T.
AU  - Olabarriaga, S.G.
AU  - Denys, D.A.J.P.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/103612
TI  - Persistent and reversible consequences of combat stress on the mesofrontal circuit and cognition
EP  - 15513
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 38
SP  - 15508
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 109
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206330109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Z.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Zhang, J.X.
AU  - Feng, G.Y.
AU  - Chen, H.C.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.M.
AU  - Wang, S.P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115508
TI  - The anterior left inferior frontal gyrus contributes to semantic unification
EP  - 2237
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 2230
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 60
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.036
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segaert, K.R.
AU  - Menenti, L.M.E.
AU  - Weber, K.M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115527
TI  - Shared Syntax in Language Production and Language Comprehension-An fMRI Study
EP  - 1670
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1662
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr249
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Menenti, L.M.E.
AU  - Segaert, K.R.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115530
AB  - Models of speaking distinguish producing meaning, words and syntax as three different linguistic components of speaking. Nevertheless, little is known about the brain's integrated neuronal infrastructure for speech production. We investigated semantic, lexical and syntactic aspects of speaking using fMRI. In a picture description task, we manipulated repetition of sentence meaning, words, and syntax separately. By investigating brain areas showing response adaptation to repetition of each of these sentence properties, we disentangle the neuronal infrastructure for these processes. We demonstrate that semantic, lexical and syntactic processes are carried out in partly overlapping and partly distinct brain networks and show that the classic left-hemispheric dominance for language is present for syntax but not semantics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
TI  - The neuronal infrastructure of speaking
EP  - 80
SN  - 0093-934X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 71
JF  - Brain and Language
VL  - vol. 122
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2012.04.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Schellekens, A.F.A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107776
TI  - Establishing the Dopamine Dependency of Human Striatal Signals During Reward and Punishment Reversal Learning
SN  - 1047-3211
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs344
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Kok, P.H.J.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Heskes, T.M.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/99267
AB  - Decoding of perceptual and mental states using multivariate analysis methods has received much recent attention. It relies on selective responses to experimental conditions in single trials, aggregated across voxels. In this study, we show that decoding is also possible when the state of interest changes continuously over time. It is shown that both orientation and rotation direction of a continuously rotating grating can be decoded
with high accuracy using linear dynamical systems and hidden Markov models. These findings extend the decoding results for static gratings and are of importance in the decoding of ongoing changes in mental state.
TI  - Dynamic decoding of ongoing perception
EP  - 957
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 950
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 57
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.020
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Buur, P.F.
PY  - 2011
SN  - 9789491027178
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/91291
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Imaging in motion : applications of multi-echo FMRI
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 2 november 2011
PS  - 111 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/91291/91291.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90931
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - The amygdala on alert : a neuroimaging investigation into amygdala function during acute stress and its aftermath
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 19 september 2011
PS  - 183 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/90931/90931.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
PY  - 2011
SN  - 9789090259963
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115507
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - The mood cycle: hormonal influences on the female brain.
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 14 april 2011
N1  - Promotor : Fernandez, G.S.E. 
Co-promotores : Hermans, E.J., Wingen, G.A. van
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linden, M.H. van der
AU  - Turennout, M.I. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96703
AB  - The formation of cross-modal object representations was investigated using a novel paradigm that was previously successful in establishing unimodal visual category learning in monkeys and humans. The stimulus set consisted of six categories of bird shapes and sounds that were morphed to create different exemplars of each category. Subjects learned new cross-modal bird categories using a one-back task. Over time, the subjects became faster and more accurate in categorizing the birds. After 3 days of training, subjects were scanned while passively viewing and listening to trained and novel bird types. Stimulus blocks consisted of bird sounds only, bird pictures only, matching pictures and sounds (cross-modal congruent), and mismatching pictures and sounds (cross-modal incongruent). fMRI data showed unimodal and cross-modal training effects in the right fusiform gyrus. In addition, the left STS showed cross-modal training effects in the absence of unimodal training effects. Importantly, for both the right fusiform gyrus and the left STS, the newly formed cross-modal representation was specific for the trained categories. Learning did not generalize to incongruent combinations of learned sounds and shapes; their response did not differ from the response to novel cross-modal bird types. Moreover, responses were larger for congruent than for incongruent cross-modal bird types in the right fusiform gyrus and STS, providing further evidence that categorization training induced the formation of meaningful cross-modal object representations.
TI  - Category training induces cross-modal object representations in the adult human brain.
EP  - 1331
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1315
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 23
N1  - 1 juni 2011
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21522
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/96703/96703-OA.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nanhoe-Mahabier, W.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Weerdesteijn, V.G.M.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96518
AB  - The pathophysiology underlying freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease remains incompletely understood. Patients with FOG ("freezers") have a higher temporal variability and asymmetry of strides compared to patients without FOG ("non-freezers"). We aimed to extend this view, by assessing spatial variability and asymmetry of steps and interlimb coordination between the upper and lower limbs during gait. Twelve freezers, 15 non-freezers, and 15 age-matched controls were instructed to walk overground and on a treadmill. Kinematic data were recorded with a motion analysis system. Both freezers and non-freezers showed an increased spatial variability of leg movements compared to controls. In addition, both patient groups had a deficit in interlimb coordination, not only between ipsilateral arms and legs, but also between diagonally positioned limbs. The only difference between freezers and non-freezers was a decreased step length during treadmill walking. We conclude that parkinsonian gait-regardless of FOG-is irregular, not only in the legs, but also with respect to interlimb coordination between the arms and legs. FOG is reflected by abnormal treadmill walking, presumably because this provides a greater challenge to the defective supraspinal control than overground walking, hampering the ability of freezers to increase their stride length when necessary.
TI  - Walking patterns in Parkinson's disease with and without freezing of gait
EP  - 224
SN  - 0306-4522
SP  - 217
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 182
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.061
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Geuze, E.
AU  - Vermetten, E.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98201
AB  - Exposure to severe stressors increases the risk for psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals, but can lead to positive outcomes for others. However, it remains unknown how severe stress affects neural functioning in humans and what factors mediate individual differences in the neural sequelae of stress. The amygdala is a key brain region involved in threat detection and fear regulation, and previous animal studies have suggested that stress sensitizes amygdala responsivity and reduces its regulation by the prefrontal cortex. In this study, we used a prospective design to investigate the consequences of severe stress in soldiers before and after deployment to a combat zone. We found that combat stress increased amygdala and insula reactivity to biologically salient stimuli across the group of combat-exposed individuals. In contrast, its influence on amygdala coupling with the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was dependent on perceived threat, rather than actual exposure, suggesting that threat appraisal affects interoceptive awareness and amygdala regulation. Our results demonstrate that combat stress has sustained consequences on neural responsivity, and suggest a key role for the appraisal of threat on an amygdala-centered neural network in the aftermath of severe stress.
TI  - Perceived threat predicts the neural sequelae of combat stress.
EP  - 671
SN  - 1359-4184
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 664
JF  - Molecular Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 16
N1  - 1 juni 2011
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.132
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klucharev, V.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/95828
AB  - We often change our behavior to conform to real or imagined group pressure. Social influence on our behavior has been extensively studied in social psychology, but its neural mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the transient downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex by theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces conformity, as indicated by reduced conformal adjustments in line with group opinion. Both the extent and probability of conformal behavioral adjustments decreased significantly relative to a sham and a control stimulation over another brain area. The posterior part of the medial frontal cortex has previously been implicated in behavioral and attitudinal adjustments. Here, we provide the first interventional evidence of its critical role in social influence on human behavior.
TI  - Downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex prevents social conformity
EP  - 11940
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 33
SP  - 11934
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1869-11.2011
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/95828/95828.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pijnacker, J.
AU  - Verstraten, P.G.M.
AU  - Damme, W. van
AU  - Vandermeulen, J.
AU  - Steenbergen, B.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98294
AB  - ABSTRACT Macular degeneration (MD) is the most common cause of visual impairment among older adults. It severely affects reading performance. People with MD have to rely on peripheral vision for reading. In this review, we considered several training programs that aim to improve peripheral reading, with a focus on eccentric viewing, oculomotor control, or perceptual learning. There was no strong support in favor of one particular training method for rehabilitation of reading in MD, but there is evidence that older individuals with MD can be trained to improve reading performance, even within limited time.
TI  - Rehabilitation of reading in older individuals with macular degeneration: A review of effective training programs
EP  - 732
SN  - 1382-5585
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 708
JF  - Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition : a Journal on Normal and Dysfunctional Development
VL  - vol. 18
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2011.613451
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rooij, I.J.E.I. van
AU  - Kwisthout, J.H.P.
AU  - Blokpoel, M.
AU  - Szymanik, J.
AU  - Wareham, H.T.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/91942
TI  - Intentional Communication: Computationally Easy or Difficult?
EP  - 18
SN  - 1662-5161
IS  - iss. 52
SP  - 1
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00052
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/91942/91942.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ebisch, S.J.H.
AU  - Gallese, V.
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Mantini, D.
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Romani, G.L.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Bekkering, H.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/99461
AB  - Impaired understanding of others' sensations and emotions as well as abnormal experience of their own emotions and sensations is frequently reported in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is hypothesized that these abnormalities are based on altered connectivity within "shared'' neural networks involved in emotional awareness of self and others. The insula is considered a central brain region in a network underlying these functions, being located at the transition of information about bodily arousal and the physiological state of the body to subjective feelings. The present study investigated the intrinsic functional connectivity properties of the insula in 14 high-functioning participants with ASD (HF-ASD) and 15 typically developing (TD) participants in the age range between 12 and 20 years by means of "resting state'' or "nontask'' functional magnetic resonance imaging. Essentially, a distinction was made between anterior and posterior regions of the insular cortex. The results show a reduced functional connectivity in the HF-ASD group, compared with the TD group, between anterior as well as posterior insula and specific brain regions involved in emotional and sensory processing. It is suggested that functional abnormalities in a network involved in emotional and interoceptive awareness might be at the basis of altered emotional experiences and impaired social abilities in ASD, and that these abnormalities are partly based on the intrinsic functional connectivity properties of such a network.
TI  - Altered Intrinsic Functional Connectivity of Anterior and Posterior Insula Regions in High-Functioning Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder
EP  - 1028
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1013
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 32
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21085
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Benn, Y.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Varley, R.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115491
AB  - A debated issue in the relationship between language and thought is how our linguistic abilities are involved in understanding the intentions of others ('mentalizing'). The results of both theoretical and empirical work have been used to argue that linguistic, and more specifically, grammatical, abilities are crucial in representing the mental states of others. Here we contribute to this debate by investigating how damage to the language system influences the generation and understanding of intentional communicative behaviors. Four patients with pervasive language difficulties (severe global or agrammatic aphasia) engaged in an experimentally controlled non-verbal communication paradigm, which required signaling and understanding a communicative message. Despite their profound language problems they were able to engage in recipient design as well as intention recognition, showing similar indicators of mentalizing as have been observed in the neurologically healthy population. Our results show that aspects of the ability to communicate remain present even when core capacities of the language system are dysfunctional.
TI  - Communicating without a functioning language system: Implications for the role of language in mentalizing
EP  - 3135
SN  - 0028-3932
SP  - 3130
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.023
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Ruzicka, E.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97673
AB  - Patients with freezing of gait (FOG) have episodic problems with generating adequate steps. This phenomenon is both common and debilitating in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism. We recently presented a video case of a patient with longstanding PD and severe FOG, who showed a remarkably preserved ability to ride a bicycle. Here, we comment on the scientific and clinical implications of this single case observation, and show the video of a similar case. We first consider several pathophysiological explanations for this striking discrepancy between walking and cycling in PD. We then discuss the merits and shortcomings of cycling as a potential new avenue for rehabilitation and exercise training in patients grounded by FOG. Finally, we provide some directions for future research stimulated by this fascinating observation.
TI  - Bicycling breaks the ice for freezers of gait
EP  - 371
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 367
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23530
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Urner, M.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98372
AB  - Neuroimaging studies have consistently linked depression to hyperactivation of a (para)limbic affective processing network centered around the amygdala. Recent studies have started to investigate how antidepressant drugs affect amygdala reactivity in healthy individuals, but the influence of their subchronic administration on the functional integrity of the affective neurocircuitry as a whole remains unknown. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in nineteen healthy volunteers to assess the effect of two weeks of administration of the combined serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine (60 mg) on reactivity and functional connectivity within the affective neurocircuitry in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Using an emotional face matching task we demonstrated that duloxetine reduced neural responses in affect processing regions including the amygdala, the anterior insula, the thalamus and the ventral aspect of the anterior cingulate cortex. Additionally, functional coupling between the amygdala and the anterior insula was enhanced by the drug. These results suggest that duloxetine attenuates the bottom-up processing of biologically salient information in an extended amygdala circuitry, while at the same time possibly potentiating the effective communication between its subparts. Since hyperactivation of the same affective neurocircuitry is thought to underlie emotional dysfunction in depression, these results suggest a putative neural mechanism through which duloxetine could normalize typical negativity biases in depression.
TI  - Subchronic duloxetine administration alters the extended amygdala circuitry in healthy individuals
EP  - 831
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 825
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 55
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.051
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97152
AB  - BACKGROUND: Depressed individuals demonstrate a poorer ability to recognize the emotions of others, which could contribute to difficulties in interpersonal behaviour. This emotion recognition deficit appears related to the depressive state and is particularly pronounced when emotions are labelled semantically. Here, we investigated its neural basis by comparing emotion recognition processing between depressed, recovered and healthy individuals. METHOD: Medication-naive patients with a first major depressive episode, medication-free patients who had recovered from a first episode, and a group of matched healthy individuals participated. They were requested to identify the emotion of angry and fearful face stimuli, either by matching them to other emotional faces on a perceptual basis or by matching them to a semantic label, while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The depressed individuals performed worse than recovered and healthy individuals on the emotion-labelling but not the emotion-matching task. The labelling deficit was related to increased recruitment of the right amygdala, left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in semantic labelling of negative emotions are related to increased activation in specific brain regions and these abnormalities are mood state-dependent. These results indicate that accessing semantic knowledge about negative information triggers increased amygdala and left inferior frontal gyrus processing, which subsequently impairs task-relevant behaviour. We propose that this may reflect the activation of negative schemas.
TI  - Neural basis of emotion recognition deficits in first-episode major depression
EP  - 1405
SN  - 0033-2917
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1397
JF  - Psychological Medicine
VL  - vol. 41
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710002084
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Leunissen, I.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97933
AB  - Freezing of gait is a common, debilitating feature of Parkinson's disease. We have studied gait planning in patients with freezing of gait, using motor imagery of walking in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging. This approach exploits the large neural overlap that exists between planning and imagining a movement. In addition, it avoids confounds introduced by brain responses to altered motor performance and somatosensory feedback during actual freezing episodes. We included 24 patients with Parkinson's disease: 12 patients with freezing of gait, 12 matched patients without freezing of gait and 21 matched healthy controls. Subjects performed two previously validated tasks--motor imagery of gait and a visual imagery control task. During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, we quantified imagery performance by measuring the time required to imagine walking on paths of different widths and lengths. In addition, we used voxel-based morphometry to test whether between-group differences in imagery-related activity were related to structural differences. Imagery times indicated that patients with freezing of gait, patients without freezing of gait and controls engaged in motor imagery of gait, with matched task performance. During motor imagery of gait, patients with freezing of gait showed more activity than patients without freezing of gait in the mesencephalic locomotor region. Patients with freezing of gait also tended to have decreased responses in mesial frontal and posterior parietal regions. Furthermore, patients with freezing of gait had grey matter atrophy in a small portion of the mesencephalic locomotor region. The gait-related hyperactivity of the mesencephalic locomotor region correlated with clinical parameters (freezing of gait severity and disease duration), but not with the degree of atrophy. These results indicate that patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait have structural and functional alterations in the mesencephalic locomotor region. We suggest that freezing of gait might emerge when altered cortical control of gait is combined with a limited ability of the mesencephalic locomotor region to react to that alteration. These limitations might become particularly evident during challenging events that require precise regulation of step length and gait timing, such as turning or initiating walking, which are known triggers for freezing of gait.
TI  - Gait-related cerebral alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait
EP  - 72
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. Pt 1
SP  - 59
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 134
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq324
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98373
AB  - Although commonly used, the term memory strength is not well defined in humans. Besides durability, it has been conceptualized by retrieval characteristics, such as subjective confidence associated with retrieval, or objectively, by the amount of information accurately retrieved. Behaviorally, these measures are not necessarily correlated, indicating that distinct neural processes may underlie them. Thus, we aimed at disentangling neural activity at encoding associated with either a subsequent subjective sense of memory strength or with a subsequent objective amount of information remembered. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants were scanned while incidentally encoding a series of photographs of complex scenes. The next day, they underwent two memory tests, quantifying memory strength either subjectively (confidence on remembering the gist of a scene) or objectively (the number of details accurately remembered within a scene). Correlations between these measurements were mutually partialed out in subsequent memory analyses of fMRI data. Results revealed that activation in left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction predicted subsequent confidence ratings. In contrast, parahippocampal and hippocampal activity predicted the number of details remembered. Our findings suggest that memory strength may reflect a functionally heterogeneous set of (at least two) phenomena. One phenomenon appears related to prefrontal and temporoparietal top-down modulations, resulting in the subjective sense of memory strength that is potentially based on gist memory. The other phenomenon is likely related to medial-temporal binding processes, determining the amount of information accurately encoded into memory. Thus, our study dissociated two distinct phenomena that are usually described as memory strength.
TI  - Subjective sense of memory strength and the objective amount of information accurately remembered are related to distinct neural correlates at encoding
EP  - 8927
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 24
SP  - 8920
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2587-10.2011
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/98373/98373.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongen, E.V. van
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Barth, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/95917
AB  - The consolidation of declarative memories benefits from sleep. The neural mechanisms involved in sleep-dependent consolidation, however, are largely unknown. Here, we used a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging, polysomnography and a face-location associative memory task to target neural connectivity of a face sensitive area during an afternoon nap. Fusiform connectivity was substantially greater during sleep stage 1 than in wake in a network extending from early visual areas bilaterally to the fusiform gyrus, ventrally and into the posterior parietal cortices, dorsally. In sleep stage 2, fusiform connectivity was found to be larger in the precuneus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex. Specific functional connectivity increases observed during light sleep were positively correlated with memory performance for face-location associations. A distinction could be made between fusiform-medial prefrontal connectivity during sleep stage 1 and 2 that was positively correlated with retention of associations learned prior to sleep and fusiform-hippocampal connectivity during sleep stage 1 that was correlated with better acquisition of new associations learned after sleep. Our results suggest that fusiform-medial prefrontal connectivity during sleep has a stabilizing effect on recently learned associative memories, possibly due to the existence of a task-related schema that allows rapid consolidation of related information. Our data further indicate that sleep-dependent connectivity between the fusiform gyrus and hippocampus correlated with new learning after sleep. Thus, our study provides correlational evidence for the behavioral relevance of specific medial prefrontal and hippocampal interactions with the fusiform gyrus during light sleep.
TI  - Functional connectivity during light sleep is correlated with memory performance for face-location associations.
EP  - 270
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 262
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 57
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchholz, V.N.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115497
AB  - Single-unit recordings have shown that the brain uses multiple reference frames in spatial processing. The brain could use this neural architecture to implicitly create multiple modes of representation at the population level, with each reference frame weighted as a function of task demands. Using magnetoencephalography, we tested this hypothesis by studying the reference frames in rhythmic neuronal synchronization--a population measure--during tactile remapping for saccades. Human subjects fixated either to the left or right of the body midline, while a tactile stimulus was applied to an invisible fingertip, located either left or right of fixation. After a variable delay, they looked at the remembered stimulus location. Results show a transient body-centered, stimulus-induced gamma-band response (70-90 Hz) in somatosensory areas, contralateral to the stimulated hand. Concurrently, a gamma-band response occurred in posterior parietal cortex (PPC), contralateral to the gaze-centered location of the stimulus, even though the stimulus was not seen. The temporal overlap of these early representations suggests that there is a fast bottom-up sensory-induced remapping in PPC, taking into account the relative positions of eyes and hand. The gaze-centered representation in PPC was sustained in a high gamma range (85-115 Hz) and increased in power closer to the initiation of the saccade. Lower-frequency rhythms (alpha, beta) showed body-centered power modulations in somatosensory areas in anticipation of the stimulus and a mixture of reference frames in PPC after stimulus presentation. We conclude that oscillatory activity reflects the time-varying coding of information in body- and gaze-centered reference frames during tactile remapping for saccades.
TI  - Multiple reference frames in cortical oscillatory activity during tactile remapping for saccades
EP  - 16871
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 46
SP  - 16864
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3404-11.2011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meeuwissen, E.B.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/95879
AB  - Although human gamma activity (30-80 Hz) associated with visual processing is often reported, it is not clear to what extend gamma activity can be reliably detected non-invasively from frontal areas during complex cognitive tasks such as long term memory (LTM) formation. We conducted a memory experiment composed of 35 blocks each having three parts: LTM encoding, working memory (WM) maintenance and LTM retrieval. In the LTM encoding and WM maintenance parts, participants had to respectively encode or maintain the order of three sequentially presented words. During LTM retrieval subjects had to reproduce these sequences. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) we identified significant differences in the gamma and beta activity. Robust gamma activity (55-65 Hz) in left BA6 (supplementary motor area (SMA)/pre-SMA) was stronger during LTM rehearsal than during WM maintenance. The gamma activity was sustained throughout the 3.4 s rehearsal period during which a fixation cross was presented. Importantly, the difference in gamma band activity correlated with memory performance over subjects. Further we observed a weak gamma power difference in left BA6 during the first half of the LTM rehearsal interval larger for successfully than unsuccessfully reproduced word triplets. In the beta band, we found a power decrease in left anterior regions during LTM rehearsal compared to WM maintenance. Also this suppression of beta power correlated with memory performance over subjects. Our findings show that an extended network of brain areas, characterized by oscillatory activity in different frequency bands, supports the encoding of word sequences in LTM. Gamma band activity in BA6 possibly reflects memory processes associated with language and timing, and suppression of beta activity at left frontal sensors is likely to reflect the release of inhibition directly associated with the engagement of language functions.
TI  - Evidence for human fronto-central gamma activity during long-term memory encoding of word sequences.
EP  - e21356
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - e21356
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 6
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021356
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/95879/95879.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meeuwissen, E.B.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98002
AB  - It is becoming increasingly clear that demanding cognitive tasks rely on an extended network engaging task-relevant areas and, importantly, disengaging task-irrelevant areas. Given that alpha activity (8-12 Hz) has been shown to reflect the disengagement of task-irrelevant regions in attention and working memory tasks, we here ask if alpha activity plays a related role for long-term memory formation. Subjects were instructed to encode and maintain the order of word sequences while the ongoing brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). In each trial, three words were presented followed by a 3.4 s rehearsal interval. Considering the good temporal resolution of MEG this allowed us to investigate the word presentation and rehearsal interval separately. The sequences were grouped in trials where word order either could be tested immediately (working memory trials; WM) or later (LTM trials) according to instructions. Subjects were tested on their ability to retrieve the order of the three words. The data revealed that alpha power in parieto-occipital regions was lower during word presentation compared to rehearsal. Our key finding was that parieto-occipital alpha power during the rehearsal period was markedly stronger for successfully than unsuccessfully encoded LTM sequences. This subsequent memory effect demonstrates that high posterior alpha activity creates an optimal brain state for successful LTM formation possibly by actively reducing parieto-occipital activity that might interfere with sequence encoding.
TI  - Increase in posterior alpha activity during rehearsal predicts successful long-term memory formation of word sequences.
EP  - 2053
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 2045
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 32
N1  - 1 december 2011
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21167
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Menenti, L.
AU  - Gierhan, S.M.E.
AU  - Segaert, K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115503
AB  - Whether the brain's speech-production system is also involved in speech comprehension is a topic of much debate. Research has focused on whether motor areas are involved in listening, but overlap between speaking and listening might occur not only at primary sensory and motor levels, but also at linguistic levels (where semantic, lexical, and syntactic processes occur). Using functional MRI adaptation during speech comprehension and production, we found that the brain areas involved in semantic, lexical, and syntactic processing are mostly the same for speaking and for listening. Effects of primary processing load (indicative of sensory and motor processes) overlapped in auditory cortex and left inferior frontal cortex, but not in motor cortex, where processing load affected activity only in speaking. These results indicate that the linguistic parts of the language system are used for both speaking and listening, but that the motor system does not seem to provide a crucial contribution to listening.
TI  - Shared language: Overlap and segregation of the neuronal infrastructure for speaking and listening revealed by functional MRI
EP  - 1182
SN  - 0956-7976
SP  - 1173
JF  - Psychological Science
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418347
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98065
AB  - Gait disturbances are common in the elderly. Cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter lesions and lacunars infarcts, is thought to disrupt white matter tracts that connect important motor regions, hence resulting in gait disturbances. Pathological studies have demonstrated abnormalities in white matter that may appear normal on brain imaging. The loss of integrity in such normal-appearing white matter may partly be due to small vessel disease and may play a role in causing gait disturbances. The white matter regions involved in these gait disturbances, both in white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter, remain unclear. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the relation between the location of white matter lesions and gait using voxel-based morphometry analysis, as well as between white matter integrity and gait by applying tract-based spatial statistics to diffusion tensor imaging parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out on 429 individuals in the age range of 50 and 85 years, with cerebral small vessel disease without dementia or parkinsonism. Gait was assessed quantitatively. White matter lesions, especially in the centrum semiovale and periventricular frontal lobe, were related to a lower gait velocity, shorter stride length and broader stride width. Loss of white matter integrity, as indicated by a lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity, in numerous regions was related to a lower gait performance. Most of these regions were located in the normal-appearing white matter. The strongest significant association was found in the corpus callosum, particularly the genu. Most of the associations in the normal-appearing white matter disappeared after controlling for white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts, except for some in the corpus callosum. In conclusion, our study showed that using a combination of voxel-based morphometry analysis of the white matter lesions and diffusion tensor imaging is of added value in investigating the pathophysiology of gait disturbances in subjects with small vessel disease. Our data demonstrate that, in elderly subjects with small vessel disease, widespread disruption of white matter integrity, predominantly in the normal-appearing white matter, is involved in gait disturbances. In particular, loss of fibres interconnecting bilateral cortical regions, especially the prefrontal cortex that is involved in cognitive control on motor performance, may be important. The most important mechanisms underlying affected normal-appearing white matter are probably a direct effect of small vessel disease or, indirectly, remote effects of white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts.
TI  - Loss of white matter integrity is associated with gait disorders in cerebral small vessel disease
EP  - 83
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. Pt 1
SP  - 73
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 134
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq343
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segaert, K.
AU  - Menenti, L.
AU  - Weber, K.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115504
TI  - Shared syntax in language production and language comprehension
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1662
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr249
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115504/115504.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segaert, K.
AU  - Menenti, L.
AU  - Weber, K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115485
TI  - A paradox of syntactic priming: Why response tendencies show priming for passives, and response latencies show priming for actives
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 6
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024209
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115485/115485.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Udden, J.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115495
TI  - Implicit acquisition of grammars with crossed and nested non-adjacent dependencies investigating the push-down stack model
SN  - 0364-0213
JF  - Cognitive Science
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01235.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - van der Gaag, R.J.
AU  - Teunisse, J.-P.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115498
TI  - Neural correlates of language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders: When language conflicts with world knowledge
EP  - 1104
SN  - 0028-3932
SP  - 1095
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adank, P.
AU  - Noordzij, M.L.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/122619
TI  - The role of planum temporale in processing accent variation in spoken language comprehension
EP  - n/a
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - n/a
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 33
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21218
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/122619/122619.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pijnacker, J.
AU  - Geurts, B.
AU  - Lambalgen, M. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97297
AB  - Defeasible inferences are inferences that can be revised in the light of new information. Although defeasible inferences are pervasive in everyday communication, little is known about how and when they are processed by the brain. This study examined the electrophysiological signature of defeasible reasoning using a modified version of the suppression task. Participants were presented with conditional inferences (of the type "if p, then q; p, therefore q") that were preceded by a congruent or a disabling context. The disabling context contained a possible exception or precondition that prevented people from drawing the conclusion. Acceptability of the conclusion was indeed lower in the disabling condition compared to the congruent condition. Further, we found a large sustained negativity at the conclusion of the disabling condition relative to the congruent condition, which started around 250 msec and was persistent throughout the entire epoch. Possible accounts for the observed effect are discussed.
TI  - Reasoning with exceptions: an event-related brain potentials study.
EP  - 480
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 471
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 23
N1  - 1 februari 2011
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21360
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Teunisse, J.P.W.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96140
AB  - In individuals with ASD, difficulties with language comprehension are most evident when higher-level semantic-pragmatic language processing is required, for instance when context has to be used to interpret the meaning of an utterance. Until now, it is unclear at what level of processing and for what type of context these difficulties in language comprehension occur. Therefore, in the current fMRI study, we investigated the neural correlates of the integration of contextual information during auditory language comprehension in 24 adults with ASD and 24 matched control participants. Different levels of context processing were manipulated by using spoken sentences that were correct or contained either a semantic or world knowledge anomaly. Our findings demonstrated significant differences between the groups in inferior frontal cortex that were only present for sentences with a world knowledge anomaly. Relative to the ASD group, the control group showed significantly increased activation in left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) for sentences with a world knowledge anomaly compared to correct sentences. This effect possibly indicates reduced integrative capacities of the ASD group. Furthermore, world knowledge anomalies elicited significantly stronger activation in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) in the control group compared to the ASD group. This additional RIFG activation probably reflects revision of the situation model after new, conflicting information. The lack of recruitment of RIFG is possibly related to difficulties with exception handling in the ASD group.
TI  - Neural correlates of language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders: when language conflicts with world knowledge
EP  - 1104
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1095
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.018
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitmarsh, S.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Barendregt, H.P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/92334
TI  - Sensorimotor alpha activity is modulated in response to observation of pain in others
SN  - 1662-5161
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
N1  - 4 oktober 2011
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00091
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/92334/92334.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97463
AB  - Corticosteroids are potent modulators of human higher cognitive function. They are released in response to stress, and are thought to be involved in the modulation of cognitive function by inducing distinct rapid nongenomic, and slow genomic changes, affecting neural plasticity throughout the brain. However, their exact effects on the neural correlates of higher-order cognitive function as performed by the prefrontal cortex at the human brain system level remain to be elucidated. Here, we targeted these time-dependent effects of corticosteroids on prefrontal cortex processing in humans using a working memory (WM) paradigm during functional MRI scanning. Implementing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 72 young, healthy men received 10 mg hydrocortisone either 30 min (rapid corticosteroid effects) or 240 min (slow corticosteroid effects), or placebo before a numerical n-back task with differential load (0- to 3-back). Corticosteroids' slow effects appeared to improve working memory performance and increased neuronal activity during WM performance in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex depending on WM load, whereas no effects of corticosteroids' rapid actions were observed. Thereby, the slow actions of corticosteroids seem to facilitate adequate higher-order cognitive functioning, which may support recovery in the aftermath of stress exposure.
TI  - Time-dependent corticosteroid modulation of prefrontal working memory processing
EP  - 5806
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 14
SP  - 5801
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 108
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019128108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fitzgerald, D.A.
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
AU  - Becker, E.S.
AU  - Speckens, A.E.M.
AU  - Rinck, M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97969
AB  - Experimental mood manipulations and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide a unique opportunity for examining the neural correlates of mood-congruent memory formation. While prior studies in mood-disorder patients point to the medial temporal lobe in the genesis of mood-congruent memory (MCM) bias, the interaction between mood and emotional memory formation has not been investigated in healthy participants. In particular it remains unclear how regulatory structures in the pre-frontal cortex may be involved in mediating this phenomenon. In this study, event-related fMRI was performed on 20 healthy participants using a full-factorial, within-subjects repeated-measures design to examine how happy and sad moods impact memory for valenced stimuli (positive, negative and neutral words). Main effects of mood, stimulus valence and memory were examined as was activity related to successful memory formation during congruent and in-congruent moods. Behavioral results confirm an MCM bias while imaging results show amygdala and hippocampal engagement in a global mood and successful recall, respectively. MCM formation was characterized by increased activity during mood-congruent encoding of negative words in the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and for mood-incongruent processing of negative words in medial- and inferior-frontal gyri (MFG/IFG). These findings indicate that different pre-frontal regions facilitate mood-congruent and incongruent encoding of successfully recalled negative words at the time of learning, with OFC enhancing congruency and the left IFG and MFG helping overcome semantic incongruities between mood and stimulus valence.
TI  - How mood challenges emotional memory formation: An fMRI investigation
EP  - 1790
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1783
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 56
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.061
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
AU  - Fitzgerald, D.A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Rinck, M.
AU  - Eling, P.A.T.M.
AU  - Becker, E.S.
AU  - Speckens, A.E.M.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96309
AB  - BACKGROUND: Valence-specific memory enhancement is one of the core cognitive functions that causes and maintains Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). While previous neuroimaging studies have elucidated the neural underpinnings of this emotional enhancement effect in depressed patients, this study aimed at detecting processing biases that are maintained throughout remission while patients were euthymic. METHODS: Fourteen medication-free women remitted from unipolar MDD and 14 matched controls were scanned while learning negative, positive, and neutral words, which were subsequently tested with free recall. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ in memory performance and showed no neural differences during successful encoding of neutral or negative words. However, during successful encoding of positive words, patients exhibited a larger recruitment of a set of areas, comprising cingulate gyrus, right inferior- and left medial-frontal gyrus as well as the right anterior hippocampus/amygdala. LIMITATIONS: Restriction to female participants may limit the generalization of the findings. CONCLUSION: Female MDD patients in clinical remission exert greater neural recruitment of memory-related brain regions when successfully encoding positive words, suggesting that neural biases related to memory formation of positive information do not entirely normalize. Further research is needed to establish whether this processing bias during successful memory formation of positive information is predictive for future relapse thereby offering the possibility to develop more focused therapeutic interventions to specifically target these processes.
TI  - Rose or black-coloured glasses? Altered neural processing of positive events during memory formation is a trait marker of depression
EP  - 223
SN  - 0165-0327
IS  - iss. 1-3
SP  - 214
JF  - Journal of Affective Disorders
VL  - vol. 131
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.011
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/96309/96309.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Llera, A.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Gomez Cerda, V.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Kappen, H.J.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98171
AB  - We propose an adaptive classification method for the Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) which uses Interaction Error Potentials (IErrPs) as a reinforcement signal and adapts the classifier parameters when an error is detected. We analyze the quality of the proposed approach in relation to the misclassification of the IErrPs. In addition we compare static versus adaptive classification performance using artificial and MEG data. We show that the proposed adaptive framework significantly improves the static classification methods.
TI  - On the use of interaction error potentials for adaptive brain computer interfaces
EP  - 1127
SN  - 0893-6080
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1120
JF  - Neural Networks
VL  - vol. 24
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2011.05.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folia, V.
AU  - Forkstam, C.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115496
TI  - Implicit artificial syntax processing: genes, preference, and bounded recursion
EP  - 132
SN  - 1450-3417
SP  - 105
JF  - Biolinguistics
VL  - vol. 5
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115496/115496.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, E.
AU  - Nijhuis, E.H.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96179
AB  - We describe a novel scalable clustering framework for streamlines obtained from diffusion tractography. Clustering is an attractive means of segmenting a large set of streamlines into anatomically relevant bundles. For most existing methods, however, the large datasets produced in high resolution or multiple subject studies are problematical. To achieve good scalability, our method repeatedly divides the data into subsets, which are then partitioned using hierarchical clustering. A final partition is obtained by recombining the subsets. In addition, the recombination scheme provides a consistency measure for cluster assignment of individual streamlines, which is used to clean up the final result. The clusters have good anatomical plausibility and we show that three clusters corresponding to the three known segments of the arcuate fasciculus show excellent agreement with literature. A major advantage of the method is the fact that it can find clusters in datasets of essentially arbitrary size. This fact is exploited to find consistent clusters in concatenated tractography data from multiple subjects. We expect the identification of bundles across subjects to be an important application of the method.
TI  - Partition-based mass clustering of tractography streamlines
EP  - 312
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 303
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 54
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.038
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Maris, E.G.G.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/91819
TI  - FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data.
EP  - 156869
SN  - 1687-5265
SP  - 156869
JF  - Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 2011
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/156869
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/91819/91819.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Grothe, I.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115499
AB  - Work on animals indicates that BOLD is preferentially sensitive to local field potentials, and that it correlates most strongly with gamma band neuronal synchronization. Here we investigate how the BOLD signal in humans performing a cognitive task is related to neuronal synchronization across different frequency bands. We simultaneously recorded EEG and BOLD while subjects engaged in a visual attention task known to induce sustained changes in neuronal synchronization across a wide range of frequencies. Trial-by-trial BOLD fluctuations correlated positively with trial-by-trial fluctuations in high-EEG gamma power (60-80 Hz) and negatively with alpha and beta power. Gamma power on the one hand, and alpha and beta power on the other hand, independently contributed to explaining BOLD variance. These results indicate that the BOLD-gamma coupling observed in animals can be extrapolated to humans performing a task and that neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency synchronization contribute independently to the BOLD signal.
TI  - Neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal
EP  - 583
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 572
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 69
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.044
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115499/115499.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Grothe, I.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Bastiaansen, M.C.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/92115
TI  - Neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal.
EP  - 583
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 572
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 69
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.044
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, J.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/92181
TI  - Perception of the touch-induced visual double-flash illusion correlates with changes of rhythmic neuronal activity in human visual and somatosensory areas.
EP  - 1405
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 1395
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 54
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.031
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Bahramisharif, A.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Klanke, S.
AU  - Hadjipapas, A.
AU  - Okazaki, Y.O.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/92537
AB  - Large efforts are currently being made to develop and improve online analysis of brain activity which can be used, e.g., for brain-computer interfacing (BCI). A BCI allows a subject to control a device by willfully changing his/her own brain activity. BCI therefore holds the promise as a tool for aiding the disabled and for augmenting human performance. While technical developments obviously are important, we will here argue that new insight gained from cognitive neuroscience can be used to identify signatures of neural activation which reliably can be modulated by the subject at will. This review will focus mainly on oscillatory activity in the alpha band which is strongly modulated by changes in covert attention. Besides developing BCIs for their traditional purpose, they might also be used as a research tool for cognitive neuroscience. There is currently a strong interest in how brain-state fluctuations impact cognition. These state fluctuations are partly reflected by ongoing oscillatory activity. The functional role of the brain state can be investigated by introducing stimuli in real-time to subjects depending on the actual state of the brain. This principle of brain-state dependent stimulation may also be used as a practical tool for augmenting human behavior. In conclusion, new approaches based on online analysis of ongoing brain activity are currently in rapid development. These approaches are amongst others informed by new insight gained from electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography studies in cognitive neuroscience and hold the promise of providing new ways for investigating the brain at work.
TI  - Using brain-computer interfaces and brain-state dependent stimulation as tools in cognitive neuroscience
SN  - 1664-1078
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
VL  - vol. 2
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00100
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/92537/92537.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogman, M.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Slaats-Willemse, D.I.E.
AU  - Naber, M.
AU  - Onnink, M.
AU  - Cools, R.
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Franke, B.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96147
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder. The NOS1 gene encoding nitric oxide synthase is a candidate gene for ADHD and has been previously linked with impulsivity. In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of a functional variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in NOS1 (NOS1 exon 1f-VNTR) on the processing of rewards, one of the cognitive deficits in ADHD. METHOD: A sample of 136 participants, consisting of 87 adult ADHD patients and 49 healthy comparison subjects, completed a reward-related impulsivity task. A total of 104 participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a reward anticipation task. The effect of the NOS1 exon 1f-VNTR genotype on reward-related impulsivity and reward-related ventral striatal activity was examined. RESULTS: ADHD patients had higher impulsivity scores and lower ventral striatal activity than healthy comparison subjects. The association between the short allele and increased impulsivity was confirmed. However, independent of disease status, homozygous carriers of the short allele of NOS1, the ADHD risk genotype, demonstrated higher ventral striatal activity than carriers of the other NOS1 VNTR genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that the NOS1 genotype influences impulsivity and its relation with ADHD is mediated through effects on this behavioral trait. Increased ventral striatal activity related to NOS1 may be compensatory for effects in other brain regions.
TI  - Nitric oxide synthase genotype modulation of impulsivity and ventral striatal activity in adult ADHD patients and healthy comparison subjects
EP  - 1106
SN  - 0002-953X
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1099
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 168
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101446
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Holstein, M.G.A. van
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96370
AB  - Brain dopamine has long been known to be implicated in the domains of appetitive motivation and cognition. Recent work indicates that dopamine also plays a role in the interaction between appetitive motivation and cognition. Here we review this work. Animal work has revealed an arrangement of spiraling connections between the midbrain and the striatum that subserves a mechanism by which dopamine can direct information flow from ventromedial to more dorsal regions in the striatum. In line with current knowledge about dopamine's effects on cognition, we hypothesize that these striato-nigro-striatal connections provide the basis for functionally specific effects of appetitive motivation on cognition. One implication of this hypothesis is that appetitive motivation can induce cognitive improvement or impairment depending on task demands.
TI  - Striatal Dopamine and the Interface between Motivation and Cognition
EP  - 163
SN  - 1664-1078
SP  - 163
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
VL  - vol. 2
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00163
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/96370/96370.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Schoots, V.C.
AU  - Cousijn, H.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/98369
AB  - Acute stress shifts the brain into a state that fosters rapid defense mechanisms. Stress-related neuromodulators are thought to trigger this change by altering properties of large-scale neural populations throughout the brain. We investigated this brain-state shift in humans. During exposure to a fear-related acute stressor, responsiveness and interconnectivity within a network including cortical (frontoinsular, dorsal anterior cingulate, inferotemporal, and temporoparietal) and subcortical (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain) regions increased as a function of stress response magnitudes. beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, but not cortisol synthesis inhibition, diminished this increase. Thus, our findings reveal that noradrenergic activation during acute stress results in prolonged coupling within a distributed network that integrates information exchange between regions involved in autonomic-neuroendocrine control and vigilant attentional reorienting.
TI  - Stress-related noradrenergic activity prompts large-scale neural network reconfiguration
EP  - 1153
SN  - 0036-8075
IS  - iss. 6059
SP  - 1151
JF  - Science
VL  - vol. 334
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209603
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96965
AB  - Gonadal hormones are known to influence the regulation of emotional responses and affective states. Whereas fluctuations in progesterone and estradiol are associated with increased vulnerability for mood disorders, testosterone is mainly associated with social dominance, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. Here, we review recent functional neuroimaging studies that have started to elucidate how these hormones modulate the neural circuitry that is important for emotion regulation, which includes the amygdala and the medial prefrontal (mPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The amygdala is thought to generate emotional responses, and the prefrontal brain regions to regulate those responses. Overall, studies that have investigated women during different phases of the menstrual cycle suggest that progesterone and estradiol may have opposing actions on the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. In addition, the influence of exogenous progesterone appears to be dose-dependent. Endogenous testosterone concentrations are generally positively correlated to amygdala and OFC responses, and exogenous testosterone increases amygdala reactivity. Whereas the administration of progesterone increases amygdala reactivity and its connectivity with the mPFC, testosterone administration increases amygdala reactivity but decreases its connectivity with the OFC. We propose that this opposing influence on amygdala-prefrontal coupling may contribute to the divergent effects of progesterone and testosterone on emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition, respectively, which may promote the differential vulnerability to various psychiatric disorders between women and men. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroactive Steroids: Focus on Human Brain.
TI  - Gonadal hormone regulation of the emotion circuitry in humans
EP  - 45
SN  - 0306-4522
SP  - 38
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 191
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.042
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97375
AB  - Acute psychological stress can trigger normal and abnormal motivated behaviors such as reward seeking, habitual behavior, and drug craving. Animal research suggests that such effects may result from actions of catecholamines and glucocorticoids that converge in brain regions that regulate motivated behaviors and incentive processing. At present, however, little is known about the acute effects of stress on these circuits in humans. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), twenty-seven healthy young women performed a modified version of the monetary incentive delay (MID) task, which is known to robustly engage ventral striatal and medial prefrontal regions. To induce psychological stress, strongly aversive movie clips (versus neutral movie clips) were shown with the instruction to imagine being an eyewitness. Physiological (cortisol levels, heart rate frequency, and heart rate variability) and subjective measurements confirmed successful induction of moderate levels of acute psychological stress. Brain imaging data revealed that stress induction resulted in a significant decrease in reward-related responses in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) without affecting ventral striatal responses. Our results thus show that acute psychological stress induces regionally specific changes in functioning of incentive processing circuits. This regional specificity is in line with animal data showing inverted U-shaped relations between levels of stress-related neuromodulators and functioning of the PFC, a structure that is believed to be critical for coordinating behavior in accordance with higher order internal goals. Our findings thus suggest that stress-related increases in habitual and reward-seeking behaviors may be triggered primarily by an impairment of such PFC-dependent cognitive control mechanisms.
TI  - Stress-induced reduction in reward-related prefrontal cortex function
EP  - 352
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 345
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 55
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.068
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Kooijman, S.C.
AU  - Urner, M.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97483
AB  - BACKGROUND: Anhedonia and lack of motivation are core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroimaging studies in MDD patients have shown reductions in reward-related activity in terminal regions of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, such as the ventral striatum. Monoamines have been implicated in both mesolimbic incentive processing and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. However, not much is known about antidepressant effects on mesolimbic incentive processing in humans, which might be related to the effects on anhedonia. METHODS: To investigate the short-term effects of antidepressants on reward-related activity in the ventral striatum, we investigated the effect of the combined serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine. Healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. After taking duloxetine (60 mg once a day) or placebo for 14 days, participants completed a monetary incentive delay task that activates the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. RESULTS: Our results (n = 19) show enhanced ventral striatal responses after duloxetine administration compared with placebo. Moreover, this increase in ventral striatal activity was positively correlated with duloxetine plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that antidepressants augment neural activity in mesolimbic DA incentive processing circuits in healthy volunteers. These effects are likely caused by the increase in monoamine neurotransmission in the ventral striatum. Our findings suggest that antidepressants may alleviate anhedonia by stimulating incentive processing.
TI  - Two-week administration of the combined serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor duloxetine augments functioning of mesolimbic incentive processing circuits
EP  - 574
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 568
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 70
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.041
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Kooijman, S.C.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/96709
AB  - The premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is associated with marked changes in normal and abnormal motivated behaviors. Animal studies suggest that such effects may result from actions of gonadal hormones on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. We therefore investigated premenstrual changes in reward-related neural activity in terminal regions of the DA system in humans. Twenty-eight healthy young women underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging on 2 days during the menstrual cycle, once during the late follicular phase and once during the premenstrual phase, in counterbalanced order. Using a modified version of the monetary incentive delay task, we assessed responsiveness of the ventral striatum to reward anticipation. Our results show enhanced ventral striatal responses during the premenstrual as compared to the follicular phase. Moreover, this effect was most pronounced in women reporting more premenstrual symptoms. These findings provide support for the notion that changes in functioning of mesolimbic incentive processing circuits may underlie premenstrual changes in motivated behaviors. Notably, increases in reward-cue responsiveness have previously been associated with DA withdrawal states. Our findings therefore suggest that the sharp decline of gonadal hormone levels in the premenstrual phase may trigger a similar withdrawal-like state.
TI  - Changes in functioning of mesolimbic incentive processing circuits during the premenstrual phase
EP  - 620
SN  - 1749-5016
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 612
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 6
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq071
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/96709/96709.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holstein, M.G.A. van
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Schaaf, M.E. van der
AU  - Geurts, D.E.M.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/97974
AB  - RATIONALE: Accumulating evidence indicates that the cognitive effects of dopamine depend on the subtype of dopamine receptor that is activated. In particular, recent work with animals as well as current theorizing has suggested that cognitive flexibility depends on dopamine D2 receptor signaling. However, there is no evidence for similar mechanisms in humans. OBJECTIVES: We aim to demonstrate that optimal dopamine D2 receptor signaling is critical for human cognitive flexibility. METHODS: To this end, a pharmacological pretreatment design was employed. This enabled us to investigate whether effects of the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine on task-set switching were abolished by pretreatment with the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. To account for individual (genetic) differences in baseline levels of dopamine, we made use of a common variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene, DAT1. RESULTS: Bromocriptine improved cognitive flexibility relative to placebo, but only in subjects with genetically determined low levels of dopamine (n = 27). This beneficial effect of bromocriptine on cognitive flexibility was blocked by pretreatment with the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that human cognitive flexibility implicates dopamine D2 receptor signaling.
TI  - Human cognitive flexibility depends on dopamine D2 receptor signaling
EP  - 578
SN  - 0033-3158
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 567
JF  - Psychopharmacologia
VL  - vol. 218
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2340-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Roelofs, K.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90693
AB  - Conversion paralysis (CP) is a frequent and impairing psychiatric disorder, affecting voluntary motor function. Yet, we have previously shown that the motor system of CP patients with a unilateral conversion paresis is recruited to a similar degree during imagined movements of the affected and unaffected limb. In contrast, imagery of movements with the affected limb results in larger prefrontal activation. It remains unclear how this hand-specific increased prefrontal activity relates to the reduced responsiveness of motor and somatosensory areas, a consistent and important feature of CP patients.
In the current study, we investigated changes in the inter-regional coupling between prefrontal cortex (PFC) and sensorimotor regions when CP patients imagined movements involving either the affected or the unaffected hand. We found that there were distinct connectivity patterns for different parts of the PFC. While ventromedial PFC was not functionally connected to the motor system, we observed strong functional coupling between the dorsolateral PFC and various sensorimotor areas. Furthermore, this coupling was modulated by whether patients imagined movements of their affected or unaffected hand. Together, these results suggest that the reduced motor responsitivity observed in CP may be linked to altered dorsolateral prefrontal-motor connectivity.
TI  - Altered connectivity between prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex in conversion paralysis
EP  - 1788
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1782
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 48
N1  - 604FE Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:67
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.029
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiang, H.
AU  - Fonteijn, H.M.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83794
TI  - Topographical functional connectivity pattern in the Perisylvian language networks
EP  - 560
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 549
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 20
N1  - language MR
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp119
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Cseke, B.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Heskes, T.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/84236
AB  - Bayesian logistic regression with a multivariate Laplace prior is introduced as a multivariate approach to the analysis of neuroimaging data. It is shown that, by rewriting the multivariate Laplace distribution as a scale mixture, we can incorporate spatio-temporal constraints which lead to smooth importance maps that facilitate subsequent interpretation. The posterior of interest is computed using an approximate inference method called expectation propagation and becomes feasible due to fast inversion of a sparse precision matrix. We illustrate the performance of the method on an fMRI dataset acquired while subjects were shown handwritten digits. The obtained models perform competitively in terms of predictive performance and give rise to interpretable importance maps. Estimation of the posterior of interest is shown to be feasible even for very large models with thousands of variables.
TI  - Efficient Bayesian multivariate fMRI analysis using a sparsifying spatio-temporal prior
EP  - 161
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 150
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 50
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.064
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Qin, S.
PY  - 2010
SN  - 9789491027024
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/82967
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Adaptive memory. Imaging medial temporal and prefrontal memory systems
N1  - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 11 november 2010
PS  - 185 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/82967/82967.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Vuurpijl, L.
AU  - Willems, D.
AU  - Niels, R.
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83795
PB  - Berlin : Springer
TI  - Design issues for pen-centric interactive maps
EP  - 297
SN  - 9783642116889
SP  - 273
CT  - Babuska, R.; Groen, F. (ed.), Interactive collaborative information systems
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11688-9_10
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Heskes, T.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83984
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Sparse orthonormalized partial least squares
EP  - 7
SP  - 1
CT  - BNAIC 2010 proceedings
N1  - BNAIC 2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83984/83984.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Díez, F.J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/84398
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - A Markovian Model for Carcinoid Tumors
EP  - 8
SP  - 1
CT  - ICAPS 2010 : 20th international conference on automated planning and scheduling, Toronto, Canada, May 12-16, 2010, WS3: POMDP Practitioners Workshop: solving real-world POMDP problems
N1  - ICAPS 2010, 12 mei 2010
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
PY  - 2010
SN  - 9789090254807
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115475
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Memory consolidation. A process of integration converging evidence from MEG, fMRI and behavior.
N1  - RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 28 juni 2010
N1  - Promotor : Fernandez, G.S.E. 
Co-promotor : Jensen, O.
PS  - 198 p.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blokx, W.A.M.
AU  - Dijk, M.C.R.F. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89081
AB  - This review intends to update current knowledge regarding molecular cytogenetics in melanocytic tumours with a focus on cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Advantages and limitations of diverse, already established methods, such as (fluorescence) in situ hybridization and mutation analysis, to detect these cytogenetic alterations in melanocytic tumours are described. In addition, the potential value of more novel techniques such as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification is pointed out. This review demonstrates that at present cytogenetics has mainly increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of melanocytic tumours, with an important role for activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in the initiation of melanocytic tumours. Mutations in BRAF (in common naevocellular naevi), NRAS (congenital naevi), HRAS (Spitz naevi) and GNAQ (blue naevi) can all cause MAPK activation. All these mutations seem early events in the development of melanocytic tumours, but by themselves are insufficient to cause progression towards melanoma. Additional molecular alterations are implicated in progression towards melanoma, with different genetic alterations in melanomas at different sites and with varying levels of sun exposure. This genetic heterogeneity in distinct types of naevi and melanomas can be used for the development of molecular tests for diagnostic purposes. However, at the moment only few molecular tests have become of diagnostic value and are performed in daily routine practice. This is caused by lack of large prospective studies on the diagnostic value of molecular tests including follow-up, and by the low prevalence of certain molecular alterations. For the future we foresee an increasing role for cytogenetics in the treatment of melanoma patients with the increasing availability of targeted therapy. Potential targets for metastatic melanoma include genes involved in the MAPK pathway, such as BRAF and RAS. More recently, KIT has emerged as a potential target in melanoma patients. These targeted treatments all need careful evaluation, but might be a promising adjunct for treatment of metastatic melanoma patients, in which other therapies have not brought important survival advantages yet.
TI  - Molecular cytogenetics of cutaneous melanocytic lesions - diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects.
EP  - 132
SN  - 0309-0167
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 121
JF  - Histopathology
VL  - vol. 56
N1  - 1 januari 2010
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03452.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87488
TI  - Violence in the family: an integrative approach to its control.
EP  - 477
SN  - 0306-624X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 475
JF  - International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
VL  - vol. 54
N1  - 1 augustus 2010
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X10376797
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87977
TI  - Cycling for freezing of gait
EP  - e46
SN  - 0028-4793
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - e46
JF  - The New England Journal of Medicine
VL  - vol. 362
DO  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMicm0810287
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87977/87977.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88203
TI  - Images in clinical medicine. Cycling for freezing of gait.
EP  - e46
SN  - 0028-4793
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - e46
JF  - The New England Journal of Medicine
VL  - vol. 362
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/88203/88203.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Veltman, J.A.
AU  - Brunner, H.G.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88533
AB  - BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in CACNA1C has been repeatedly shown to increase risk for psychiatric disorders, with the strongest evidence for involvement in bipolar disorder. To elucidate the mechanisms by which such effects on psychiatric disease are brought about by genetic factors, we investigated the influence of CACNA1C polymorphisms on brain structure. METHODS: In 585 healthy volunteers, for whom magnetic resonance imaging data at 1.5 T (n = 282) or 3 T (n = 304) were available, we tested 193 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near CACNA1C for association with FSL FIRST-segmented subcortical brain structures and hippocampus as well as SPM5-derived total brain volume and global gray and white matter volume using PLINK. RESULTS: A study-wide significant association of SNPs in intron 3 of the CACNA1C gene was found for brainstem volume (lowest p value = 3.62E-05) and was confirmed by voxel-based morphometry. An effect on gray matter volume of the bipolar disorder-associated SNP rs1006737, as reported earlier in a sample of 77 healthy adults, could not be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in the pleiotropic psychiatric disease gene CACNA1C is associated with brainstem volume. Modulation of this structure, with its central control over motor, cognitive, affective, and arousal functions, constitutes an interesting novel potential mode of action of psychiatric risk factors.
TI  - Genetic variation in CACNA1C, a gene associated with bipolar disorder, influences brainstem rather than gray matter volume in healthy individuals.
EP  - 588
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 586
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Weerdesteijn, V.G.M.
AU  - Hagen, Y.J.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87218
AB  - Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and disabling feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Detailed pathophysiological studies are hampered by the fact that FOG episodes are difficult to elicit in a gait laboratory. We evaluated whether the need to avoid sudden obstacles on a treadmill can provoke FOG. We included 21 PD patients (15 with self-reported off-period FOG). Patients were tested in the off-state. FOG during overground walking was assessed using a standardized gait trajectory and axial 360 degrees turns. Subsequently, patients walked on a motorized treadmill with suddenly appearing obstacles that necessitated compensatory stepping. Performance was videotaped, and presence of FOG was scored visually by two independent raters. Thirteen patients showed FOG during overground walking. During treadmill walking, obstacle avoidance was associated with 13 unequivocal FOG episodes in eight patients, whereas only one patient froze during undisturbed treadmill walking (Wilcoxon z = -2.0, P = 0.046). FOG episodes elicited by obstacle avoidance were brief (typically <1 s). Almost all episodes were provoked when subjects had a longer available response time. In conclusion, suddenly appearing obstacles on a treadmill can elicit FOG in a controlled laboratory setting. However, the moving treadmill and the obstacle both act as cues, which apparently help to immediately overcome the provoked FOG episode. This may limit the ecological validity of this new approach.
TI  - Obstacle avoidance to elicit freezing of gait during treadmill walking.
EP  - 63
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 57
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 25
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22894
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Hempel, I.S.
AU  - Buck, N.M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87405
AB  - BACKGROUND: About 150-200 'Placement in an Institution for Juveniles Orders' (PIJ orders) are imposed each year in the Netherlands. Many of the young people under these orders have mental disorders or 'threatened psychological development' and are thought to be at high risk of recidivism. There are no previous studies of the range of judicial, correctional or psychiatric contacts after the PIJ order, but this could extend understanding of any links between post-treatment psychological development of these young offenders and their reoffending or desistence from it. AIMS: To examine reoffending and judicial, correctional or psychiatric contacts of juveniles after a PIJ order, any relationship between seriousness of the index offence and first reoffence, and to test the hypothesis that 'threatened psychological development' is associated with higher recidivism rates. METHODS: A records-based follow-up study of a 9-year (1995-2003) national release cohort of 781 Dutch juvenile offenders finishing a PIJ order under the Juvenile Entrustment Act. Descriptive statistics were used to show patterns of reoffending and the reoffending and non-reoffending groups compared. Results : The mean length of the PIJ order was 2.5 years, and mean time subsequently at risk for offending was 83.5 months (range 51-135 months). After treatment under a PIJ order, serious criminal offending was reduced by 50%, and there was a trend towards less serious property offences. Contrary to prediction, 'threatened psychological development' was not associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The data offer support for the value of the PIJ order. The recidivism rate remains high, and although the trend to less serious offending is encouraging, the findings raise questions about whether criminogenic needs are sufficiently met. By contrast, the apparently low rates of adult mental disorder, even among those regarded as having had 'threatened psychological development', suggest that PIJ institutions are doing a good job with respect to mental health.
TI  - Young serious and vulnerable offenders in the Netherlands: a cohort follow-up study after completion of a PIJ (detention) order.
EP  - 360
SN  - 0957-9664
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 349
JF  - Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
VL  - vol. 20
N1  - 1 december 2010
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.787
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Weerdesteijn, V.G.M.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Defebvre, L.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87214
AB  - Freezing of gait (FOG) is a clinically defined phenomenon of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that subtle FOG episodes can be elicited in a gait laboratory using suddenly appearing obstacles during treadmill walking. We evaluated which quantitative gait parameters identify such subtle FOG episodes. We included 10 PD patients with FOG, 10 PD patients without FOG, and 10 controls. Subjects walked on a motorized treadmill while avoiding unexpectedly appearing obstacles. Treadmill walking was videotaped, and FOG episodes were identified by two independent experts. Gait was also analyzed using detailed kinematics. Knee joint signals were processed using time-frequency analysis with combinations of sliding fast Fourier transform and wavelets transform. Twenty FOG episodes occurred during treadmill walking in 5 patients (all with clinically certified FOG), predominantly in relation to obstacle avoidance. FOG was brief when it occurred just before or after obstacle crossing and was characterized by short, rapid steps. Frequency analysis showed a typical qualitative pattern: before the FOG episode an increase in dominant frequency in the 0 to 3 Hz band (festination), followed by decreased power in 0 to 3 Hz band and an increased power in the 3 to 8 Hz band during the FOG episode. This pattern led to an increased FOG index as a qualitative measure. These approaches detected even very brief FOG with acceptable sensitivity (75-83%) and specificity (>95%). We conclude that time-frequency analysis is an appropriate approach to detect brief and subtle FOG episodes. Future work will need to decide whether this approach can support or even replace expert clinical opinion.
TI  - Objective detection of subtle freezing of gait episodes in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1693
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1684
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 25
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23159
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87972
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is well established that hippocampal activity is positively related to effective associative memory formation. However, in biological systems often optimal levels of activity are contrasted by both sub- and supra-optimal levels. Sub-optimal levels of hippocampal activity are commonly attributed to unsuccessful memory formation, whereas the supra-optimal levels of hippocampal activity related to unsuccessful memory formation have been rarely studied. It is still unclear under what circumstances such supra-optimal levels of hippocampal activity occur. To clarify this issue, we aimed at creating a condition, in which supra-optimal hippocampal activity is associated with encoding failure. We assumed that such supra-optimal activity occurs when task-relevant information is embedded in task-irrelevant, distracting information, which can be considered as noise. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present fMRI study, we probed neural correlates of associative memory formation in a full-factorial design with associative memory (subsequently remembered versus forgotten) and noise (induced by high versus low distraction) as factors. Results showed that encoding failure was associated with supra-optimal activity in the high-distraction condition and with sub-optimal activity in the low distraction condition. Thus, we revealed evidence for a bell-shape function relating hippocampal activity with associative encoding success. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicate that intermediate levels of hippocampal activity are optimal while both too low and too high levels appear detrimental for associative memory formation. Supra-optimal levels of hippocampal activity seem to occur when task-irrelevant information is added to task-relevant signal. If such task-irrelevant noise is reduced adequately, hippocampal activity is lower and thus optimal for associative memory formation.
TI  - Intermediate levels of hippocampal activity appear optimal for associative memory formation.
EP  - e13147
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - e13147
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013147
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87972/87972.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Nonnekes, J.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89476
AB  - Falls are among the most incapacitating features of Parkinson's disease. Prevention of falls requires a systematic assessment of all contributing factors (with emphasis on freezing of gait and frontal executive dysfunction), and a multidisciplinary treatment approach tailored to the specific pathophysiology of falls for each individual patient.
TI  - Recent advances in the assessment and treatment of falls in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 76
SN  - 1757-5931
SP  - 76
JF  - F1000 Medicine Reports
VL  - vol. 2
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89476/89476.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stallen, M.
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Smit, G.
AU  - Klucharev, V.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87976
TI  - Celebrities and shoes on the female brain: The neural correlates of product evaluation in the context of fame
EP  - 811
SN  - 0167-4870
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 802
JF  - Journal of Economic Psychology
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kooloos, J.G.M.
AU  - Bolt, S.
AU  - Straaten, J. van der
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88079
AB  - On All Saints Day 2009 a monument for body donors was unveiled by the Department of Anatomy, at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC). Although body donation to medical science contributes substantially to the quality of medical education, the ceremony was only the first time that the RUNMC publicly reciprocated the anatomical gift. By means of the monument the department of Anatomy endeavors to express gratitude for the gift of body donors and raise awareness among students to value the gift and treat donor bodies with the proper respect. Furthermore, the large attendance of bereaved at the unveiling ceremony, revealed another equally important meaning of the monument, which is the significance of the monument to the donor kin. The wish of a body donor has large implications for the way bereaved can take leave of the donor; there is limited time to bade the deceased farewell, the body will not be available for a funeral, and the donor kin stay behind empty handed without even a grave or ashes. Therefore the monument can be meaningful by facilitating the bereaved with a place of commemoration. The design of the monument anticipates on these multiple meanings and symbolisms by placing an old marble dissection table in the shape of an altar and fixing a bronze sculpture of a phoenix as symbol of imperishableness.
TI  - An altar in honor of the anatomical gift.
EP  - 325
SN  - 1935-9780
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 323
JF  - Anatomical Sciences Education
VL  - vol. 3
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.171
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Vos, P.E.
AU  - Werf, S. van der
AU  - Dijk, G. Van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88298
AB  - Memory deficits are among the most frequently reported sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), especially early after injury. To date, these cognitive deficits remain poorly understood, as in most patients the brain is macroscopically intact. To identify the mechanism by which MTBI causes declarative memory impairments, we probed the functionality of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), within 6 weeks after injury in 43 patients from a consecutive cohort, and matched healthy controls. In addition to neuropsychological measures of declarative memory and other cognitive domains, all subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral results showed poorer declarative memory performance in patients than controls, and decreasing performance with increasing duration of post-traumatic amnesia (a measure of injury severity). Task performance in the scanner was, as intended by the task and design, similar in patients and controls, and did not relate to injury severity. The task used reliably activated the MTL and PFC. Although we did not find significant differences in brain activity when comparing patients and controls, we revealed, in agreement with our neuropsychological findings, an inverse correlation between MTL activity and injury severity. In contrast, no difference in prefrontal activation was found between patients and controls, nor was there a relation with injury severity. On a behavioral level, injury severity was inversely related to declarative memory performance. In all, these findings suggest that reduced medial temporal functionality may contribute to poorer declarative memory performance in the post-acute stage of MTBI, especially in patients with longer post-traumatic amnesia.
TI  - How mild traumatic brain injury may affect declarative memory performance in the post-acute stage.
EP  - 1595
SN  - 0897-7151
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1585
JF  - Journal of Neurotrauma
VL  - vol. 27
N1  - 1 september 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1298
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/88298/88298.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spek, A.L.
AU  - Teunisse, J.P.W.M.
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Mol, A.J.J.
AU  - Noens, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87244
TI  - ASS-diagnostiek bij volwassenen.
EP  - 46
SN  - 0033-3115
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 44
JF  - De Psycholoog
VL  - vol. 45
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87244/87244.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiao, C.
AU  - McNamara, T.P.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Mou, W.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89573
AB  - Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study examined the neural mechanisms involved in recognizing spatial configurations of a scene from multiple viewpoints. Prior to scanning, participants were instructed to learn a desktop array of seven objects relative to an intrinsic direction that was different from the participants' viewpoint. During scanning, participants recognized triplets of objects from the previously memorized scene and from a mirror reflection of the scene at different perspectives. Half of the triplets included two objects located along the instructed intrinsic direction (intrinsic triplets) and the other half did not (non-intrinsic triplets). Consistent with previous mental rotation studies, bilateral intraparietal sulcus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus showed increasing activation with the angular disparity between the test view and the study view. The right intraparietal sulcus was more activated to the non-intrinsic triplets than the intrinsic triplets. The anterior cingulate cortex was more deactivated in recognizing non-intrinsic triplets and novel views. These findings are consistent with the behavioral results that recognition was easier for intrinsic triplets than for non-intrinsic triplets and easier for the familiar view than for novel views (Mou et al., 2008a).
TI  - Neural mechanisms of recognizing scene configurations from multiple viewpoints.
EP  - 116
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 107
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1363
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.068
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Micheli, C.
AU  - McCubbin, J.
AU  - Murphy, P.
AU  - Eswaran, H.
AU  - Lowery, C.L.
AU  - Ortiz, E.
AU  - Preissl, H.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115484
TI  - Verification of fetal brain responses by coregistration of fetal ultrasound and fetal magnetoencephalography data
EP  - 1478
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 1469
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 49
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.025
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88956
AB  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in memory and the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human BDNF gene (Val66Met) affects memory, and influences Alzheimer's disease and depression vulnerability in a sex-specific manner. Recent animal studies suggest that BDNF mediates memory for emotional experiences in the amygdala, but it is currently unknown whether BDNF Val66Met influences memory processing in the amygdala. Here, we investigated its effect on the successful encoding and recognition of biologically salient stimuli. Forty-seven healthy volunteers memorized and recognized faces while their brain activity was measured with event-related functional MRI. No significant differences in memory performance were observed between Val homozygotes and Met allele carriers. The imaging results demonstrated BDNF genotype x sex interactions in the amygdala during memory formation, and in the prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex during memory retrieval. Subsequent tests showed a larger contribution of these brain regions to successful encoding and retrieval in male Met allele carriers than male Val homozygotes, whereas no significant differences were observed in females. These results provide preliminary evidence that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism influences specific mnemonic operations underlying encoding and retrieval of salient stimuli, and suggest less efficient memory processing in male Met allele carriers. Furthermore, the sex-specific genotype effects may contribute to sex-specific effects of BDNF Val66Met on depression vulnerability.
TI  - The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism affects memory formation and retrieval of biologically salient stimuli.
EP  - 1218
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1212
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 50
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.058
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Cremers, H.R.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89576
AB  - Mood-congruent cognitive biases constitute critical factors for the vulnerability to depression and its maintenance. One important aspect is impaired memory for positive information during depression and after recovery. To elucidate its state (during depression only) and trait (during depression and recovery) related neural bases, we investigated medication free depressed, recovered, and healthy individuals with functional MRI while they memorized and recognized happy and neutral face stimuli. The imaging results revealed group differences in mood-incongruent successful memory encoding and retrieval activity already in the absence of significant memory performance differences. State effects were observed in the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex. Whereas the amygdala was generally involved in memory formation, its activity predicted subsequent forgetting of neutral faces in depressed patients. Furthermore, the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex were involved in memory retrieval of happy faces in depressed patients only. Trait effects were observed in the fusiform gyrus and prefrontal cortex. The fusiform gyrus was involved in memory formation and retrieval of happy faces in both patient groups, whereas it was involved in memory formation and retrieval of neutral faces in healthy individuals. Similar trait effects were observed during memory retrieval in the orbitofrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, while memory processing of positive information in the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex is biased during depression only, memory processing in the fusiform gyrus and prefrontal cortex is biased also after recovery. These distinct neural mechanisms may respectively constitute symptom maintenance and cognitive vulnerability factors for depression.
TI  - Neural state and trait bases of mood-incongruent memory formation and retrieval in first-episode major depression.
EP  - 534
SN  - 0022-3956
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 527
JF  - Journal of Psychiatric Research
VL  - vol. 44
N1  - 1 juni 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grunsven, A.C.H. van
AU  - Dijk, M.C.R.F. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Klaasen, A.
AU  - Mooi, W.J.
AU  - Blokx, W.A.M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88443
AB  - It is often very difficult to confidently distinguish benign and malignant Spitz lesions, and a diagnosis of Spitz tumor of unknown malignant potential (STUMP) is rendered. To address this problem, we performed molecular genetic analysis in a large group of Spitz tumors (93 Spitz nevi and 77 STUMPs) and identified a subgroup of 24 lesions harboring a HRAS mutation. This subgroup lay predominantly in the dermis, had a relatively low cellularity, showed desmoplasia (with single cells interspersed between the collagen bundles), and had an infiltrating base. In 7 of these 24 cases (29%) melanoma had been the initial diagnosis, or an important differential diagnostic consideration, mainly based on the presence of multiple or deeply located mitotic figures, especially in adult patients. In our series none of the patients with the HRAS-mutated lesions developed recurrences or metastases (mean and median follow-up: 10.5 y). This was in accordance with the literature: review showed that no HRAS mutations had so far been reported in Spitzoid melanomas. We therefore conclude that HRAS mutation analysis may be a useful diagnostic tool to help differentiate between Spitz nevus and Spitzoid melanoma, thereby reducing the frequency of overdiagnosis of melanoma, and to help predict the biological behavior of a STUMP. Moreover, this might be a first step toward a more reproducible classification of Spitz tumors combining histological and genetic data.
TI  - HRAS-mutated Spitz tumors: A subtype of Spitz tumors with distinct features.
EP  - 1441
SN  - 0147-5185
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1436
JF  - American Journal of Surgical Pathology
VL  - vol. 34
N1  - 1 oktober 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181f0a749
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Derikx, L.C.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89190
AB  - Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by striatal dopamine depletion, especially in the posterior putamen. The dense connectivity profile of the striatum suggests that these local impairments may propagate throughout the whole cortico-striatal network. Here we test the effect of striatal dopamine depletion on cortico-striatal network properties by comparing the functional connectivity profile of the posterior putamen, the anterior putamen, and the caudate nucleus between 41 PD patients and 36 matched controls. We used multiple regression analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to quantify functional connectivity across different networks. Each region had a distinct connectivity profile that was similarly expressed in patients and controls: the posterior putamen was uniquely coupled to cortical motor areas, the anterior putamen to the pre-supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex, and the caudate nucleus to the dorsal prefrontal cortex. Differences between groups were specific to the putamen: although PD patients showed decreased coupling between the posterior putamen and the inferior parietal cortex, this region showed increased functional connectivity with the anterior putamen. We conclude that dopamine depletion in PD leads to a remapping of cerebral connectivity that reduces the spatial segregation between different cortico-striatal loops. These alterations of network properties may underlie abnormal sensorimotor integration in PD.
TI  - Spatial remapping of cortico-striatal connectivity in Parkinson's disease
EP  - 1186
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1175
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 20
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp178
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89190/89190.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kilsdonk, J.W.J. van
AU  - Kempen, L.C.L.T. van
AU  - Muijen, G.N.P. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Swart, G.W.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89187
AB  - Adhesion molecules endow tumor cells with the necessary cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. As such, adhesion molecules are involved in cell signalling, proliferation and tumor growth. Rearrangements in the adhesion repertoire allow tumor cells to migrate, invade and form metastases. Besides these membrane-bound adhesion molecules several soluble adhesion molecules are detected in the supernatant of tumor cell lines and patient body fluids. Truncated soluble adhesion molecules can be generated by several conventional mechanisms, including alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts, chromosomal translocation, and extracellular proteolytic ectodomain shedding. Secretion of vesicles (ectosomes and exosomes) is an alternative mechanism mediating the release of full-length adhesion molecules. Soluble adhesion molecules function as modulators of cell adhesion, induce proteolytic activity and facilitate cell signalling. Additionally, adhesion molecules present on secreted vesicles might be involved in the vesicle-target cell interaction. Based on currently available data, released soluble adhesion molecules contribute to cancer progression and therefore should not be regarded as unrelated and non-functional side products of tumor progression.
TI  - Soluble adhesion molecules in human cancers: sources and fates.
EP  - 427
SN  - 0171-9335
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 415
JF  - European Journal of Cell Biology
VL  - vol. 89
N1  - 1 juni 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.026
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89683
TI  - Poststroke dementia--what's in a name?
EP  - 64
SN  - 1759-4758
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 63
JF  - Nature Reviews. Neurology
VL  - vol. 6
N1  - 1 februari 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.229
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88685
AB  - Recent neuroimaging studies investigating responses to stressful stimuli may importantly further our understanding of psychological trauma etiology. However, theory posits that sustained activation of these stress circuits after the stressful event may play an equally important role in the development of stress-related psychopathology. Importantly, such post-stress network changes remain poorly characterized. The amygdala with its connections is crucially positioned in the central stress circuitry that mediates the initial stress response. Hence, we investigated post-stress amygdala-centered connectivity patterns in order to characterize the aftermath of acute, experimentally-induced stress in healthy humans. We recorded resting-state functional MRI in 26 female participants following a period of moderate psychological stress induced by means of aversive (vs. emotionally neutral) movie watching with a self-referencing instruction. Next, we implemented a seedregion analysis calculating the voxel-wise correlation with the anatomically extracted time-series of the amygdala. Various stress measures confirmed successful stress induction. Moreover, we demonstrated enhanced functional coupling of the amygdala with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and a dorso-rostral pontine region, which appears to overlap with the anatomical location of the locus coeruleus (LC), when contrasting the stress with the control group. Thus, we show that the aftermath of acute stress is qualified by prolonged activation in an amygdala-connectivity network. This pattern of co-activation may indicate an extended state of hypervigilance that promotes sustained salience and mnemonic processing after stress. Characterization of the post-stress brain state may provide initial insight into the early phases of psychological trauma formation.
TI  - Enhanced resting-state connectivity of amygdala in the immediate aftermath of acute psychological stress.
EP  - 354
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 348
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 53
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cousijn, H.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87918
AB  - Probing gene-environment interactions that affect neural processing is crucial for understanding individual differences in behavior and disease vulnerability. Here, we tested whether the current environmental context, which affects the acute brain state, modulates genotype effects on brain function in humans. We manipulated the context by inducing acute psychological stress, which increases noradrenergic activity, and probed its effect on tonic activity and phasic responses in the amygdala using two MRI techniques: conventional blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI and arterial spin labeling. We showed that only carriers of a common functional deletion in ADRA2B, the gene coding for the alpha2b-adrenoreceptor, displayed increased phasic amygdala responses under stress. Tonic activity, reflecting the perfusion of the amygdala, increased independently of genotype after stress induction. Thus, when tonic activity was heightened by stress, only deletion carriers showed increased amygdala responses. Our results demonstrate that genetic effects on brain operations can be state dependent, such that they only become apparent under specific, often environmentally controlled, conditions.
TI  - Acute stress modulates genotype effects on amygdala processing in humans.
EP  - 9872
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 21
SP  - 9867
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003514107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Raemaekers, M.A.
AU  - Ruigrok, A.N.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Kenemans, J.L.
AU  - Baas, J.M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89659
TI  - Prefrontal mechanisms of fear reduction after threat offset
EP  - 1038
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1031
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klumpers, F.
AU  - Raemaekers, M.A.
AU  - Ruigrok, A.N.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Kenemans, J.L.
AU  - Baas, J.M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89660
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Reducing fear when a threat has disappeared protects against a continuously elevated anxiety state. In this study, we investigated the brain mechanism involved in this process. METHODS: The threat paradigm consisted of discrete cues that signaled either threat of shock or safety. Healthy participants were tested in two sessions in which eyeblink startle (n = 26) and blood oxygen level dependence (n = 23) were measured to index subjects' defensive state and brain responses respectively. RESULTS: Startle results indicated that subjects could rapidly decrease their defensive state after the offset of shock threat. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data indicated that the termination of threat was associated with the recruitment of lateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. An exploratory connectivity analysis showed that activity in these prefrontal regions was linked and was also associated with activity in brain regions typically responding to threat, the right anterior insula and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide first evidence for a prefrontal mechanism that functions to control anxiety after threat offset, which may be dysfunctional in patients who suffer from excessive sustained anxiety. Moreover, the results support a model in which the lateral prefrontal cortex controls anxiety related limbic activity through connections with ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
TI  - Prefrontal mechanisms of fear reduction after threat offset.
EP  - 1038
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1031
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Putman, P.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87477
AB  - There is mounting evidence that single administrations of glucocorticoids may acutely reduce human fear. We previously reported that administration of cortisol acutely reduced non-spatial selective attention to fearful faces and likewise reduced preferential processing of fearful faces in a spatial working memory task. Here we report the acute effects of 40 mg cortisol (administered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design) on a different experimental task for measuring threat-selective attention. Twenty healthy young males had to localize a target which was presented in a peripheral location that was either gazed at or not by a preceding dynamic happy or fearful face. This reliable method has been used repeatedly to demonstrate fear-driven selective attention. Present results showed that after placebo, as usual, the fearful gaze cues caused stronger orienting of attention than happy faces. Cortisol abolished this typical anxious response pattern, but only in low anxious participants. These data provide evidence that cortisol acutely influences also spatial threat-selective attention. Possible neuroendocrine mechanisms are discussed.
TI  - Cortisol administration acutely reduces threat-selective spatial attention in healthy young men.
EP  - 300
SN  - 0031-9384
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 294
JF  - Physiology and Behavior
VL  - vol. 99
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Putman, P.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - van Honk, J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87503
TI  - Cortisol administration acutely reduces threat-selective spatial attention in healthy young men.
EP  - 300
SN  - 0031-9384
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 294
JF  - Physiology and Behavior
VL  - vol. 99
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poser, B.
AU  - Koopmans, P.J.
AU  - Witzel, T.
AU  - Wald, L.L.
AU  - Barth, M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115483
AB  - Functional MRI (fMRI) most commonly employs 2D echo-planar imaging (EPI). The advantages for fMRI brought about by the increasingly popular ultra-high field strengths are best exploited in high-resolution acquisitions, but here 2D EPI becomes unpractical for several reasons, including the very long volume acquisitions times. In this study at 7 T, a 3D EPI sequence with full parallel and partial Fourier imaging capability along both phase encoding axes was implemented and used to evaluate the sensitivity of 3D and corresponding 2D EPI acquisitions at four different spatial resolutions ranging from small to typical voxel sizes (1.5-3.0 mm isotropic). Whole-brain resting state measurements (N = 4) revealed a better, or at least comparable sensitivity of the 3D method for gray and white matter. The larger vulnerability of 3D to physiological effects was outweighed by the much shorter volume TR, which moreover allows whole-brain coverage at high resolution within fully acceptable limits for event-related fMRI: TR was only 3.07 s for 1.5 mm, 1.88 s for 2.0 mm, 1.38 s for 2.5 mm and 1.07 s for 3.0 mm isotropic resolution. In order to investigate the ability to detect and spatially resolve BOLD activation in the visual cortex, functional 3D EPI experiments (N = 8) were performed at 1 mm isotropic resolution with parallel imaging acceleration of 3 x 3, resulting in a TR of only 3.2 s for whole-brain coverage. From our results, and several other practical advantages of 3D over 2D EPI found in the present study, we conclude that 3D EPI provides a useful alternative for whole-brain fMRI at 7 T, not only when high-resolution data are required. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
TI  - Three dimensional echo-planar imaging at 7 Tesla
EP  - 266
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 261
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 51
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Marle, H.J.F.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88684
TI  - Enhanced resting-state connectivity of amygdala in the immediate aftermath of acute psychological stress
EP  - 354
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 348
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 53
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88955
TI  - The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism affects memory formation and retrieval of biologically salient stimuli
EP  - 1218
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1212
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 50
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.058
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stallen, M.
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Smit, G.P.
AU  - Klucharev, V.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87968
TI  - Celebrities and shoes on the female brain: The neural correlates of product evaluation in the context of fame.
EP  - 811
SN  - 0167-4870
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 802
JF  - Journal of Economic Psychology
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Vos, P.E.
AU  - Werf, S. van der
AU  - van Dijk, G.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88309
TI  - How mild traumatic brain injury may affect declarative memory performance in the post-acute stage
EP  - 1595
SN  - 0897-7151
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1585
JF  - Journal of Neurotrauma
VL  - vol. 27
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1298
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/88309/88309.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Arias Vasquez, A.
AU  - Veltman, J.A.
AU  - Brunner, H.G.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88532
TI  - Genetic variation in CACNA1C, a gene associated with bipolar disorder, influences brainstem rather than gray matter volume in healthy individuals
EP  - 588
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 586
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 68
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Kesteren, M.T.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89375
TI  - Retrieval of associative information congruent with prior knowledge is related to increased medial prefrontal activity and connectivity.
EP  - 15894
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 47
SP  - 15888
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2674-10.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89375/89375.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cousijn, H.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Van Marle, H.J.F.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87911
TI  - Acute stress modulates genotype effects on amygdala processing in humans
EP  - 9872
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 21
SP  - 9867
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003514107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89374
AB  - We remember information that is congruent instead of incongruent with prior knowledge better, but the underlying neural mechanisms related to this enhancement are still relatively unknown. Recently, this memory enhancement due to a prior schema has been suggested to be based on rapid neocortical assimilation of new information, related to optimized encoding and consolidation processes. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to be important in mediating this process, but its role in retrieval of schema-consistent information is still unclear. In this study, we regarded multisensory congruency with prior knowledge as a schema and used this factor to probe retrieval of consolidated memories either consistent or inconsistent with prior knowledge. We conducted a visuotactile learning paradigm in which participants studied visual motifs randomly associated with word-fabric combinations that were either congruent or incongruent with common knowledge. The next day, participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while their memory was tested. Congruent associations were remembered better than incongruent ones. This behavioral finding was parallelized by stronger retrieval-related activity in and connectivity between medial prefrontal and left somatosensory cortex. Moreover, we found a positive across-subject correlation between the connectivity enhancement and the behavioral congruency effect. These results show that successful retrieval of congruent compared to incongruent visuotactile associations is related to enhanced processing in an mPFC-somatosensory network, and support the hypothesis that new information that fits a preexisting schema is more rapidly assimilated in neocortical networks, a process that may be mediated, at least in part, by the mPFC.
TI  - Retrieval of associative information congruent with prior knowledge is related to increased medial prefrontal activity and connectivity.
EP  - 15894
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 47
SP  - 15888
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2674-10.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89374/89374.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Simanova, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83597
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Concept classification with Bayesian multi-task learning
EP  - 17
SP  - 10
CT  - Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 First Workshop on Computational Neurolinguistics
N1  - NAACL HLT 2010, 6 juni 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Van Dijk, H.
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115468
TI  - Amplitude asymmetry as a mechanism for the generation of slow evoked responses
EP  - 1149
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1148
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 121
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.037
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115477
TI  - Rhythmic Pulsing: Linking ongoing brain activity with evoked responses
EP  - 13
SN  - 1662-5161
SP  - 177: 1
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00177
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115477/115477.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115479
TI  - Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: gating by inhibition
EP  - 8
SN  - 1662-5161
SP  - 186: 1
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00186
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115479/115479.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fitzpatrick, I.
AU  - Indefrey, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115471
AB  - Electrophysiological studies consistently find N400 effects of semantic incongruity in nonnative (L2) language comprehension. These N400 effects are often delayed compared with native (L1) comprehension, suggesting that semantic integration in one's second language occurs later than in one's first language. In this study, we investigated whether such a delay could be attributed to (1) intralingual lexical competition and/or (2) interlingual lexical competition. We recorded EEG from Dutch&#x2013;English bilinguals who listened to English (L2) sentences in which the sentence-final word was (a) semantically fitting and (b) semantically incongruent or semantically incongruent but initially congruent due to sharing initial phonemes with (c) the most probable sentence completion within the L2 or (d) the L1 translation equivalent of the most probable sentence completion. We found an N400 effect in each of the semantically incongruent conditions. This N400 effect was significantly delayed to L2 words but not to L1 translation equivalents that were initially congruent with the sentence context. Taken together, these findings firstly demonstrate that semantic integration in nonnative listening can start based on word initial phonemes (i.e., before a single lexical candidate could have been selected based on the input) and secondly suggest that spuriously elicited L1 lexical candidates are not available for semantic integration in L2 speech comprehension.
TI  - Lexical Competition in Nonnative Speech Comprehension
EP  - 1178
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1165
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21301
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115471/115471-OA.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dijk, H.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115474
AB  - The functional role and regional specificity of similar to 10 Hz alpha band activity remains of debate. Alpha band activity is strongly modulated in visual working memory tasks and it has been proposed to subserve resource allocation by disengaging task-irrelevant regions. It remains unknown if alpha band activity plays a similar role during auditory working memory processing. In this study we applied whole-head magnetoencephalography to investigate brain activity in a delayed-match-to-sample task including pure tones, non-harmonic complex tones and harmonic tones. The paradigm included a control condition in which no active auditory maintenance was required. We observed a bilateral increase in 5-12 Hz power during the perception of harmonic and non-harmonic complex tones compared with the control tone. During the maintenance period a left-lateralized increase in 5-12 Hz was found for all stimuli compared with the control condition. Using a beam-forming approach we identified the sources in left temporal regions. Given that functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and lesion studies have identified right hemisphere regions to be engaged in memory of pitch, we propose that the 5-12 Hz activity serves to functionally disengage left temporal regions. Our findings support the notion that alpha activity is a general mechanism for disengaging task-irrelevant regions.
TI  - Left temporal alpha band activity increases during working memory retention of pitches
EP  - 1707
SN  - 0953-816X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1701
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07227.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werf, J. van der
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/84272
TI  - Neuronal Synchronization in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex during Reach Planning
EP  - 1412
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1402
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3448-09.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/84272/84272.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dijk, H. van
AU  - Werf, J. van der
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89055
AB  - Event-related responses and oscillatory activity are typically regarded as manifestations of different neural processes. Recent work has nevertheless revealed a mechanism by which slow event-related responses are created as a direct consequence of modulations in brain oscillations with nonsinusoidal properties. It remains unknown if this mechanism applies to cognitively relevant event-related responses. Here, we investigated whether sustained event-related fields (ERFs) measured during working memory maintenance can be explained by modulations in oscillatory power. In particular, we focused on contralateral delayed activity (CDA) typically observed in working memory tasks in which hemifield specific attention is manipulated. Using magnetoencephalography, we observed sustained posterior ERFs following the presentation of the memory target. These ERFs were systematically lateralized with respect to the hemisphere in which the target was presented. A strikingly similar pattern emerged for modulations in alpha (9-13 Hz) power. The alpha power and ERF lateralization were strongly correlated over subjects. Based on a mechanistic argument pertaining to the nonsinusoidal properties of the alpha activity, we conclude that the ERFs modulated by working memory are likely to be directly produced by the modulations in oscillatory alpha activity. Given that posterior alpha activity typically reflects disengagement, we conclude that the CDA is not attributable to an additive process reflecting memory maintenance per se but, rather, is a consequence of how attentional resources are allocated.
TI  - Modulations in oscillatory activity with amplitude asymmetry can produce cognitively relevant event-related responses.
EP  - 905
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 900
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908821107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dijk, H.
AU  - Van Der Werf, J.
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90078
TI  - Modulations in oscillatory activity with amplitude asymmetry can produce cognitively relevant eventrelated responses Q:1
EP  - 905
SN  - 0027-8424
SP  - 900
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908821107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, T.M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88749
TI  - Effective connectivity of cortical and subcortical regions during unification of sentence structure
EP  - 1644
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1633
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 52
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.035
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Casasanto, D.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90050
AB  - According to embodied theories of language, people understand a verb like throw, at least in part, by mentally simulating throwing. This implicit simulation is often assumed to be similar or identical to motor imagery. Here we used fMRI to test whether implicit simulations of actions during language understanding involve the same cortical motor regions as explicit motor imagery. Healthy participants were presented with verbs related to hand actions (e.g., to throw) and nonmanual actions (e.g., to kneel). They either read these verbs (lexical decision task) or actively imagined performing the actions named by the verbs (imagery task). Primary motor cortex showed effector-specific activation during imagery, but not during lexical decision. Parts of premotor cortex distinguished manual from nonmanual actions during both lexical decision and imagery, but there was no overlap or correlation between regions activated during the two tasks. These dissociations suggest that implicit simulation and explicit imagery cued by action verbs may involve different types of motor representations and that the construct of "mental simulation" should be distinguished from "mental imagery" in embodied theories of language.
TI  - Neural dissociations between action verb understanding and motor imagery
EP  - 2400
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2387
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21386
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/90050/90050.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noordzij, M.L.
AU  - Newman-Norlund, S.
AU  - Newman-Norlund, R.
AU  - de Ruiter, J.P.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Levinson, S.C.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/86104
TI  - Neural correlates of intentional communication
EP  - 7
SN  - 1662-453X
IS  - iss. 8 december 2010, article 188
SP  - 1
JF  - Frontiers in Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 4
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2010.00188
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/86104/86104.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Junge, C.M.M.
AU  - Cutler, A.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90737
TI  - Ability to segment words from speech as a precursor of later language development: insights from electrophysiological responses in the infant bran
EP  - 6
SP  - 1
JF  - Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics
VL  - vol. ICA 2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/90737/90737.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Boer, M. de
AU  - de Ruiter, J.P.
AU  - Noordzij, M.L.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/90756
TI  - A dissociation between linguistic and communicative abilities in the human brain
EP  - 14
SN  - 0956-7976
IS  - iss. 14
SP  - 8
JF  - Psychological Science
VL  - vol. 21
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609355563
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Derikx, L.C.E.M.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89191
AB  - Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by striatal dopamine depletion, especially in the posterior putamen. The dense connectivity profile of the striatum suggests that these local impairments may propagate throughout the whole cortico-striatal network. Here we test the effect of striatal dopamine depletion on cortico-striatal network properties by comparing the functional connectivity profile of the posterior putamen, the anterior putamen, and the caudate nucleus between 41 PD patients and 36 matched controls. We used multiple regression analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to quantify functional connectivity across different networks. Each region had a distinct connectivity profile that was similarly expressed in patients and controls: the posterior putamen was uniquely coupled to cortical motor areas, the anterior putamen to the pre-supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex, and the caudate nucleus to the dorsal prefrontal cortex. Differences between groups were specific to the putamen: although PD patients showed decreased coupling between the posterior putamen and the inferior parietal cortex, this region showed increased functional connectivity with the anterior putamen. We conclude that dopamine depletion in PD leads to a remapping of cerebral connectivity that reduces the spatial segregation between different cortico-striatal loops. These alterations of network properties may underlie abnormal sensorimotor integration in PD.
TI  - Spatial remapping of cortico-striatal connectivity in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1186
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1175
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 20
N1  - 1 mei 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp178
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89191/89191.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - van Berkum, J.
AU  - van der Gaag, R.J.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89299
AB  - Language in high-functioning autism is characterized by pragmatic and semantic deficits, and people with autism have a reduced tendency to integrate information. Because the left and right inferior frontal (LIF and RIF) regions are implicated with integration of speaker information, world knowledge, and semantic knowledge, we hypothesized that abnormal functioning of the LIF and RIF regions might contribute to pragmatic and semantic language deficits in autism. Brain activation of sixteen 12- to 18-year-old, high-functioning autistic participants was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during sentence comprehension and compared with that of twenty-six matched controls. The content of the pragmatic sentence was congruent or incongruent with respect to the speaker characteristics (male/female, child/adult, and upper class/lower class). The semantic- and world-knowledge sentences were congruent or incongruent with respect to semantic expectancies and factual expectancies about the world, respectively. In the semantic-knowledge and world-knowledge condition, activation of the LIF region did not differ between groups. In sentences that required integration of speaker information, the autism group showed abnormally reduced activation of the LIF region. The results suggest that people with autism may recruit the LIF region in a different manner in tasks that demand integration of social information.
TI  - Semantic, factual, and social language comprehension in adolescents with autism: An FMRI study
EP  - 1945
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1937
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 20
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp264
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89300
AB  - Language in high-functioning autism is characterized by pragmatic and semantic deficits, and people with autism have a reduced tendency to integrate information. Because the left and right inferior frontal (LIF and RIF) regions are implicated with integration of speaker information, world knowledge, and semantic knowledge, we hypothesized that abnormal functioning of the LIF and RIF regions might contribute to pragmatic and semantic language deficits in autism. Brain activation of sixteen 12- to 18-year-old, high-functioning autistic participants was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during sentence comprehension and compared with that of twenty-six matched controls. The content of the pragmatic sentence was congruent or incongruent with respect to the speaker characteristics (male/female, child/adult, and upper class/lower class). The semantic- and world-knowledge sentences were congruent or incongruent with respect to semantic expectancies and factual expectancies about the world, respectively. In the semantic-knowledge and world-knowledge condition, activation of the LIF region did not differ between groups. In sentences that required integration of speaker information, the autism group showed abnormally reduced activation of the LIF region. The results suggest that people with autism may recruit the LIF region in a different manner in tasks that demand integration of social information.
TI  - Semantic, factual, and social language comprehension in adolescents with autism: an FMRI study.
EP  - 1945
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1937
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 20
N1  - 1 augustus 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp264
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pijnacker, J.
AU  - Geurts, B.
AU  - Lambalgen, M. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88656
AB  - Several studies have demonstrated that people with ASD and intact language skills still have problems processing linguistic information in context. Given this evidence for reduced sensitivity to linguistic context, the question arises how contextual information is actually processed by people with ASD. In this study, we used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine context sensitivity in high-functioning adults with autistic disorder (HFA) and Asperger syndrome at two levels: at the level of sentence processing and at the level of solving reasoning problems. We found that sentence context as well as reasoning context had an immediate ERP effect in adults with Asperger syndrome, as in matched controls. Both groups showed a typical N400 effect and a late positive component for the sentence conditions, and a sustained negativity for the reasoning conditions. In contrast, the HFA group demonstrated neither an N400 effect nor a sustained negativity. However, the HFA group showed a late positive component which was larger for semantically anomalous sentences than congruent sentences. Because sentence context had a modulating effect in a later phase, semantic integration is perhaps less automatic in HFA, and presumably more elaborate processes are needed to arrive at a sentence interpretation.
TI  - Exceptions and anomalies: an ERP study on context sensitivity in autism.
EP  - 2951
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2940
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 48
N1  - 1 augustus 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kesteren, M.T.R. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89760
AB  - The hippocampus is thought to promote gradual incorporation of novel information into long-term memory by binding, reactivating, and strengthening distributed cortical-cortical connections. Recent studies implicate a key role in this process for hippocampally driven crosstalk with the (ventro)medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which is proposed to become a central node in such representational networks over time. The existence of a relevant prior associative network, or schema, may moreover facilitate this process. Thus, hippocampal-vmPFC crosstalk may support integration of new memories, particularly in the absence of a relevant prior schema. To address this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and prior schema manipulation to track hippocampal-vmPFC connectivity during encoding and postencoding rest. We manipulated prior schema knowledge by exposing 30 participants to the first part of a movie that was temporally scrambled for 15 participants. The next day, participants underwent fMRI while encoding the movie's final 15 min in original order and, subsequently, while resting. Schema knowledge and item recognition performance show that prior schema was successfully and selectively manipulated. Intersubject synchronization (ISS) and interregional partial correlation analyses furthermore show that stronger prior schema was associated with more vmPFC ISS and less hippocampal-vmPFC interregional connectivity during encoding. Notably, this connectivity pattern persisted during postencoding rest. These findings suggest that additional crosstalk between hippocampus and vmPFC is required to compensate for difficulty integrating novel information during encoding and provide tentative support for the notion that functionally relevant hippocampal-neocortical crosstalk persists during off-line periods after learning.
TI  - Persistent schema-dependent hippocampal-neocortical connectivity during memory encoding and postencoding rest in humans.
EP  - 7555
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 16
SP  - 7550
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914892107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Leeuwen, T.M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89088
AB  - <sec> <title>Background</title> <p>In synaesthesia, sensations in a particular modality cause additional experiences in a second, unstimulated modality (e.g., letters elicit colour). Understanding how synaesthesia is mediated in the brain can help to understand normal processes of perceptual awareness and multisensory integration. In several neuroimaging studies, enhanced brain activity for grapheme-colour synaesthesia has been found in ventral-occipital areas that are also involved in real colour processing. Our question was whether the neural correlates of synaesthetically induced colour and real colour experience are truly shared.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title> <p>First, in a free viewing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, we located main effects of synaesthesia in left superior parietal lobule and in colour related areas. In the left superior parietal lobe, individual differences between synaesthetes (projector-associator distinction) also influenced brain activity, confirming the importance of the left superior parietal lobe for synaesthesia. Next, we applied a repetition suppression paradigm in fMRI, in which a decrease in the BOLD (blood-oxygenated-level-dependent) response is generally observed for repeated stimuli. We hypothesized that synaesthetically induced colours would lead to a reduction in BOLD response for subsequently presented real colours, if the neural correlates were overlapping. We did find BOLD suppression effects induced by synaesthesia, but not within the colour areas.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions/Significance</title> <p>Because synaesthetically induced colours were not able to suppress BOLD effects for real colour, we conclude that the neural correlates of synaesthetic colour experience and real colour experience are not fully shared. We propose that synaesthetic colour experiences are mediated by higher-order visual pathways that lie beyond the scope of classical, ventral-occipital visual areas. Feedback from these areas, in which the left parietal cortex is likely to play an important role, may induce V4 activation and the percept of synaesthetic colour.</p> </sec>
TI  - Synaesthetic colour in the brain: Beyond colour areas: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of synaesthetes and matched controls
EP  - -12
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 8
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 5
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012074
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89088/89088.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Maij, F.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Stegeman, D.F.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83668
TI  - Corticospinal beta-band synchronization entails rhythmic gain modulation
EP  - 4488
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 4481
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2794-09.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83668/83668.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beurze, S.M.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Pisella, L.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89991
TI  - Reference frames for reach planning in human parietofrontal cortex
EP  - 1745
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1736
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 104
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01044.2009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Montoya, E.R.
AU  - Ramsey, N.F.
AU  - van Honk, J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89042
TI  - Testosterone administration modulates neural responses to crying  infants in young females
EP  - 121
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 114
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Montoya, E.R.
AU  - Ramsey, N.F.
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89043
AB  - Parental responsiveness to infant vocalizations is an essential mechanism to ensure parental care, and its importance is reflected in a specific neural substrate, the thalamocingulate circuit, which evolved through mammalian evolution subserving this responsiveness. Recent studies using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provide compelling evidence for a comparable mechanism in humans by showing thalamocingulate responses to infant crying. Furthermore, possibly acting on this common neural substrate, steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone, seem to mediate parental behavior both in humans and other animals. Estradiol unmistakably increases parental care, while data for testosterone are less unequivocal. In humans and several other animals, testosterone levels decrease both in mothers and fathers during parenthood. However, exogenous testosterone in mice seems to increase parenting, and infant crying leads to heightened testosterone levels in human males. Not only is the way in which testosterone is implicated in parental responsiveness unresolved, but the underlying mechanisms are fully unknown. Accordingly, using fMRI, we measured neural responses of 16 young women who were listening to crying infants in a double blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, testosterone administration experiment. Crucially, heightened activation in the testosterone condition compared to placebo was shown in the thalamocingulate region, insula, and the cerebellum in response to crying. Our results by controlled hormonal manipulation confirm a role of the thalamocingulate circuit in infant cry perception. Furthermore, the data also suggest that exogenous testosterone, by itself or by way of its metabolite estradiol, in our group of young women acted on this thalamocinculate circuit to, provisionally, upregulate parental care.
TI  - Testosterone administration modulates neural responses to crying infants in young females.
EP  - 121
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 114
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 35
N1  - 1 januari 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.013
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Johnston, K.
AU  - Vinck, M.
AU  - Everling, S.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87700
AB  - Accomplishing even simple tasks depend on neuronal circuits to configure how incoming sensory stimuli map onto responses. Controlling these stimulus-response (SR) mapping rules relies on a cognitive control network comprising the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Single neurons within the ACC convey information about currently relevant SR mapping rules and signal unexpected action outcomes, which can be used to optimize behavioral choices. However, its functional significance and the mechanistic means of interaction with other nodes of the cognitive control network remain elusive and poorly understood. Here, we report that core aspects of cognitive control are encoded by rhythmic theta-band activity within neuronal circuits in the ACC. Throughout task performance, theta-activity predicted which of two SR mapping rules will be established before processing visual target information. Task-selective theta-activity emerged particularly early during those trials, which required the adjustment of SR rules following an erroneous rule representation in the preceding trial. These findings demonstrate a functional correlation of cognitive control processes and oscillatory theta-band activity in macaque ACC. Moreover, we report that spike output of a subset of cells in ACC is synchronized to predictive theta-activity, suggesting that the theta-cycle could serve as a temporal reference for coordinating local task selective computations across a larger network of frontal areas and the hippocampus to optimize and adjust the processing routes of sensory and motor circuits to achieve efficient sensory-motor control.
TI  - Theta-activity in anterior cingulate cortex predicts task rules and their adjustments following errors
EP  - 5253
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 5248
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 107
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906194107
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vinck, M.
AU  - Wingerden, M. van
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Pennartz, C.M.A.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83849
TI  - The pairwise phase consistency: A bias-free measure of rhythmic neuronal synchronization
EP  - 122
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 112
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 51
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.073
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vinck, M.
AU  - Wingerden, M. van
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Pennartz, C.M.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83850
AB  - Oscillatory activity is a widespread phenomenon in nervous systems and has been implicated in numerous functions. Signals that are generated by two separate neuronal sources often demonstrate a consistent phase-relationship in a particular frequency-band, i.e., they demonstrate rhythmic neuronal synchronization. This consistency is conventionally measured by the PLV (phase-locking value) or the spectral coherence measure. Both statistical measures suffer from significant bias, in that their sample estimates overestimate the population statistics for finite sample sizes. This is a significant problem in the neurosciences where statistical comparisons are often made between conditions with a different number of trials or between neurons with a different number of spikes. We introduce a new circular statistic, the PPC (pairwise phase consistency). We demonstrate that the sample estimate of the PPC is a bias-free and consistent estimator of its corresponding population parameter. We show, both analytically and by means of numerical simulations, that the population statistic of the PPC is equivalent to the population statistic of the squared PLV. The variance and mean squared error of the PPC and PLV are compared. Finally, we demonstrate the practical relevance of the method in actual neuronal data recorded from the orbitofrontal cortex of rats that engage in a two-odour discrimination task. We find a strong increase in rhythmic synchronization of spikes relative to the local field potential (as measured by the PPC) for a wide range of low frequencies (including the theta-band) during the anticipation of sucrose delivery in comparison to the anticipation of quinine delivery.
TI  - The pairwise phase consistency: a bias-free measure of rhythmic neuronal synchronization
EP  - 122
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 112
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 51
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.073
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87666
TI  - Time-dependent effects of corticosteroids on human amygdala processing
EP  - 12732
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 38
SP  - 12725
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3112-10.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87666/87666.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87667
AB  - Acute stress is associated with a sensitized amygdala. Corticosteroids, released in response to stress, are suggested to restore homeostasis by normalizing/desensitizing brain processing in the aftermath of stress. Here, we investigated the effects of corticosteroids on amygdala processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Since corticosteroids exert rapid nongenomic and slow genomic effects, we administered hydrocortisone either 75 min (rapid effects) or 285 min (slow effects) before scanning in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Seventy-two healthy males were scanned while viewing faces morphing from a neutral facial expression into fearful or happy expressions. Imaging results revealed that hydrocortisone desensitizes amygdala responsivity rapidly, while it selectively normalizes responses to negative stimuli slowly. Psychophysiological interaction analyses suggested that this slow normalization is related to an altered coupling of the amygdala with the medial prefrontal cortex. These results reveal a temporarily fine-tuned mechanism that is critical for avoiding amygdala overshoot during stress and enabling adequate recovery thereafter.
TI  - Time-dependent effects of corticosteroids on human amygdala processing.
EP  - 12732
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 38
SP  - 12725
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3112-10.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87667/87667.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Pelt, S.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Diedrichsen, J.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89971
TI  - Repetition suppression dissociates spatial frames of reference in human saccade generation
EP  - 1248
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1239
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 104:
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00393.2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, E.
AU  - Nijhuis, E.H.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89844
TI  - Partition-based mass clustering of tractography streamlines
EP  - 312
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 303
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 54
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.038
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vinck, M.
AU  - Lima, B.
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Singer, W.
AU  - Neuenschwander, S.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83334
TI  - Gamma-phase shifting in awake monkey visual cortex
EP  - 1257
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1250
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1623-09.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83334/83334.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vinck, M.
AU  - Lima, B.
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Singer, W.
AU  - Neuenschwander, S.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83330
AB  - Gamma-band synchronization is abundant in nervous systems. Typically, the strength or precision of gamma-band synchronization is studied. However, the precise phase with which individual neurons are synchronized to the gamma-band rhythm might have interesting consequences for their impact on further processing and for spike timing-dependent plasticity. Therefore, we investigated whether the spike times of individual neurons shift systematically in the gamma cycle as a function of the neuronal activation strength. We found that stronger neuronal activation leads to spikes earlier in the gamma cycle, i.e., we observed gamma-phase shifting. Gamma-phase shifting occurred on very rapid timescales. It was particularly pronounced for periods in which gamma-band synchronization was relatively weak and for neurons that were only weakly coupled to the gamma rhythm. We suggest that gamma-phase shifting is brought about by an interplay between overall excitation and gamma-rhythmic synaptic input and has interesting consequences for neuronal coding, competition, and plasticity.
TI  - Gamma-phase shifting in awake monkey visual cortex
EP  - 1257
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1250
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1623-09.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83330/83330.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haegens, S.
AU  - Osipova, D.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115480
AB  - Successful working memory (WM) requires the engagement of relevant brain areas but possibly also the disengagement of irrelevant areas. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to elucidate the temporal dynamics of areas involved in a somatosensory WM task. We found an increase in gamma band activity in the primary and secondary somatosensory areas during encoding and retention, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase of alpha band activity over task-irrelevant regions including posterior and ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. Importantly, the alpha band increase was strongest during successful WM performance. Furthermore, we found frontal gamma band activity that correlated both with behavioral performance and the alpha band increase. We suggest that somatosensory gamma band activity reflects maintenance and attention-related components of WM operations, whereas alpha band activity reflects frontally controlled disengagement of task-irrelevant regions. Our results demonstrate that resource allocation involving the engagement of task-relevant and disengagement of task-irrelevant regions is needed for optimal task execution. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TI  - Somatosensory working memory performance depends on both engagement and disengagement of regions in a distributed network
EP  - 35
SN  - 1065-9471
SP  - 26
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 31
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20842
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Roelofs, A.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89178
TI  - Striatal dopamine mediates the interface between motivational and cognitive control in humans: Evidence from genetic imaging
EP  - 1951
SN  - 0893-133X
SP  - 1943
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.68
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Roelofs, A.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - et al.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89135
TI  - Striatal dopamine mediates the interface between motivational and cognitive control in humans: evidence from genetic imaging.
EP  - 1951
SN  - 0893-133X
SP  - 1943
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.68
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Roelofs, A.
AU  - Franke, B.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89177
TI  - Striatal dopamine mediates the interface between motivational and cognitive control in humans: Evidence from genetic imaging
EP  - 1951
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1943
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 35
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.68
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115469
AB  - Evidence from psychopharmacological functional neuroimaging begins to elucidate the neurochemical mechanisms of cognitive control. Here the role of dopamine in two subcomponent processes of cognitive control is discussed: the active maintenance and the flexible updating of goal-relevant representations. A range of studies have highlighted a role for the prefrontal cortex (pFC) and its modulation by dopamine in the active maintenance of distractor-resistant goal-relevant representations. This work suggests that dopamine might modulate top-down signals from the pFC, thereby increasing the activity of posterior cortical regions that process goal-relevant representations and rendering them distractor-resistant. Conversely, other studies highlight a role for dopamine in the basal ganglia in cognitive switching, which might reflect a modulation of the selective gating of cortical cognitive and motor programs. We present a working hypothesis that integrates these two disparate literatures and states that the flexible adaptation of current goal-relevant representations is mediated by modulatory influences of activity in the dopamine-sensitive basal ganglia on connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior cortex.
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive control: Distinct roles for the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia
EP  - 2032
SN  - 1381-6128
IS  - iss. 18
SP  - 2026
JF  - Current Pharmaceutical Design
VL  - vol. 16
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210791293097
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schouwenburg, M.R. van
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Cools, R.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88805
AB  - Evidence from psychopharmacological functional neuroimaging begins to elucidate the neurochemical mechanisms of cognitive control. The role of dopamine in two subcomponent processes of cognitive control is discussed: the active maintenance and the flexible updating of goal-relevant representations. A range of studies have highlighted a role for the prefrontal cortex (pFC) and its modulation by dopamine in the active maintenance of distractor-resistant goal-relevant representations. This work suggests that dopamine might modulate top-down signals from the pFC, thereby increasing the activity of posterior cortical regions that process goal-relevant representations and rendering them distractor-resistant. Conversely, other studies highlight a role for dopamine in the basal ganglia in cognitive switching, which might reflect a modulation of the selective gating of cortical cognitive and motor programs. We present a working hypothesis that integrates these two disparate literatures and states that the flexible adaptation of current goal-relevant representations is mediated by modulatory influences of activity in the dopamine-sensitive basal ganglia on connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior cortex.
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive control: distinct roles for the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia.
EP  - 2032
SN  - 1381-6128
IS  - iss. 18
SP  - 2026
JF  - Current Pharmaceutical Design
VL  - vol. 16
DO  - https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210791293097
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ouden, H.E.M. den
AU  - Daunizeau, J.
AU  - Roiser, J.
AU  - Friston, K.J.
AU  - Stephan, K.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89136
AB  - Both perceptual inference and motor responses are shaped by learned probabilities. For example, stimulus-induced responses in sensory cortices and preparatory activity in premotor cortex reflect how (un)expected a stimulus is. This is in accordance with predictive coding accounts of brain function, which posit a fundamental role of prediction errors for learning and adaptive behavior. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and recent advances in computational modeling to investigate how (failures of) learned predictions about visual stimuli influence subsequent motor responses. Healthy volunteers discriminated visual stimuli that were differentially predicted by auditory cues. Critically, the predictive strengths of cues varied over time, requiring subjects to continuously update estimates of stimulus probabilities. This online inference, modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian learner, was reflected behaviorally: speed and accuracy of motor responses increased significantly with predictability of the stimuli. We used nonlinear dynamic causal modeling to demonstrate that striatal prediction errors are used to tune functional coupling in cortical networks during learning. Specifically, the degree of striatal trial-by-trial prediction error activity controls the efficacy of visuomotor connections and thus the influence of surprising stimuli on premotor activity. This finding substantially advances our understanding of striatal function and provides direct empirical evidence for formal learning theories that posit a central role for prediction error-dependent plasticity.
TI  - Striatal prediction error modulates cortical coupling.
EP  - 3219
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 3210
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4458-09.2010
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/89136/89136.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Bos, P. van den
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Ramsey, N.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - van Honk, J.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88663
TI  - Exogenous testosterone enhances the ventral striatal BOLD response during reward anticipation in humans
EP  - 283
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 277
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 52
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Ramsey, N.F.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88759
AB  - Correlational evidence in humans shows that levels of the androgen hormone testosterone are positively related to reinforcement sensitivity and competitive drive. Structurally similar anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are moreover widely abused, and animal studies show that rodents self-administer testosterone. These observations suggest that testosterone exerts activational effects on mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways involved in incentive processing and reinforcement regulation. However, there are no data on humans supporting this hypothesis. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the effects of testosterone administration on neural activity in terminal regions of the mesolimbic pathway. In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover design, 12 healthy women received a single sublingual administration of .5 mg of testosterone. During MRI scanning, participants performed a monetary incentive delay task, which is known to elicit robust activation of the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. Results show a positive main effect of testosterone on the differential response in the ventral striatum to cues signaling potential reward versus nonreward. Notably, this effect interacted with levels self-reported intrinsic appetitive motivation: individuals with low intrinsic appetitive motivation exhibited larger testosterone-induced increases but had smaller differential responses after placebo. Thus, the present study lends support to the hypothesis that testosterone affects activity in terminal regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system but suggests that such effects may be specific to individuals with low intrinsic appetitive motivation. By showing a potential mechanism underlying central reinforcement of androgen use, the present findings may moreover have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of AAS dependency.
TI  - Effects of exogenous testosterone on the ventral striatal BOLD response during reward anticipation in healthy women.
EP  - 283
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 277
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 52
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ossewaarde, L.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Kooijman, S.C.
AU  - Johansson, I.M.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/89574
AB  - Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle are thought to play a central role in premenstrual mood symptoms. In agreement, fluctuations in gonadal hormone levels affect brain processes in regions involved in emotion regulation. Recent findings, however, implicate psychological stress as a potential mediating factor and thus, we investigated whether effects of moderate psychological stress on relevant brain regions interact with menstrual cycle phase. Twenty-eight healthy women were tested in a crossover design with menstrual cycle phase (late luteal versus late follicular) and stress (stress induction versus control) as within-subject factors. After stress induction (or control), we probed neural responses to facial expressions using fMRI. During the late luteal phase, negative affect was highest and the stress-induced increase in heart rate was mildly augmented. fMRI data of the control condition replicate previous findings of elevated amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses when comparing the late luteal with the late follicular phase. Importantly, stress induction had opposite effects in the two cycle phases, with unexpected lower response magnitudes in the late luteal phase. Moreover, the larger the increase in allopregnanolone concentration across the menstrual cycle was, the smaller the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses were after stress induction in the late luteal phase. Our findings show that moderate psychological stress influences menstrual cycle effects on activity in the emotion regulation circuitry. These results provide potential insights into how fluctuations in allopregnanolone that naturally occur during the menstrual cycle may change stress vulnerability.
TI  - Neural mechanisms underlying changes in stress-sensitivity across the menstrual cycle.
EP  - 55
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 47
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 35
N1  - 1 januari 2010
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meulenbroek, O.V.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Rover, M. de
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88006
AB  - Aging is accompanied by an impairment of associative memory. The medial temporal lobe and fronto-striatal network, both involved in associative memory, are known to decline functionally and structurally with age, leading to the so-called associative binding deficit and the resource deficit. Because the MTL and fronto-striatal network interact, they might also be able to support each other. We therefore employed an episodic memory task probing memory for sequences of object-location associations, where the demand on self-initiated processing was manipulated during encoding: either all the objects were visible simultaneously (rich environmental support) or every object became visible transiently (poor environmental support). Following the concept of resource deficit, we hypothesised that the elderly probably have difficulty using their declarative memory system when demands on self-initiated processing are high (poor environmental support). Our behavioural study showed that only the young use the rich environmental support in a systematic way, by placing the objects next to each other. With the task adapted for fMRI, we found that elderly showed stronger activity than young subjects during retrieval of environmentally richly encoded information in the basal ganglia, thalamus, left middle temporal/fusiform gyrus and right medial temporal lobe (MTL). These results indicate that rich environmental support leads to recruitment of the declarative memory system in addition to the fronto-striatal network in elderly, while the young use more posterior brain regions likely related to imagery. We propose that elderly try to solve the task by additional recruitment of stimulus-response associations, which might partly compensate their limited attentional resources.
TI  - Age-effects on associative object-location memory
EP  - 110
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 100
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1315
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meulenbroek, O.V.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/88422
AB  - With aging, the content of self-reported autobiographical memories shifts from episodic to semantic. Onset of Alzheimer's disease enhances this pattern, but the neural underpinnings of this change in Autobiographical Memory (AM), in particular the role of hippocampal degradation, are unknown. We employed fMRI contrasting autobiographical and semantic retrieval, in 22 healthy elderly and 21 Alzheimer's patients. The shift towards semantic characteristics in AM retrieval was indeed enhanced in patients. Both groups activated brain regions commonly involved in AM retrieval, including occipital association areas, medial temporal lobes, lateral temporal and midline prefrontal areas. When compared to controls, Alzheimer's patients showed enhanced activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), right precuneus and left lingual gyrus. Activation of LIFG and vmPFC was significantly negatively correlated with hippocampal volume in patients only. Thus, we speculate that the linking function of the degraded hippocampus is taken over by the vmPFC; a shift recently observed during normal consolidation. This potentially compensatory process may support early Alzheimer's detection or prognosis.
TI  - Autobiographical memory retrieval in patients with Alzheimer's disease
EP  - 340
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 331
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 53
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.082
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piekema, C.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/135810
AB  - BACKGROUND: Integration of information streams into a unitary representation is an important task of our cognitive system. Within working memory, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been conceptually linked to the maintenance of bound representations. In a previous fMRI study, we have shown that the MTL is indeed more active during working-memory maintenance of spatial associations as compared to non-spatial associations or single items. There are two explanations for this result, the mere presence of the spatial component activates the MTL, or the MTL is recruited to bind associations between neurally non-overlapping representations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The current fMRI study investigates this issue further by directly comparing intrinsic intra-item binding (object/colour), extrinsic intra-item binding (object/location), and inter-item binding (object/object). The three binding conditions resulted in differential activation of brain regions. Specifically, we show that the MTL is important for establishing extrinsic intra-item associations and inter-item associations, in line with the notion that binding of information processed in different brain regions depends on the MTL. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicate that different forms of working-memory binding rely on specific neural structures. In addition, these results extend previous reports indicating that the MTL is implicated in working-memory maintenance, challenging the classic distinction between short-term and long-term memory systems.
TI  - Dissociating the neural correlates of intra-item and inter-item working-memory binding
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 4
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 5
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010214
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/135810/135810.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/87971
TI  - Intermediate levels of hippocampal activity appear optimal for associative memory formation
SN  - 1932-6203
IS  - iss. 10
JF  - PLoS One
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013147
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/87971/87971.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwaluw, C.S. van der
AU  - Scholte, R.H.J.
AU  - Vermulst, A.A.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Engels, R.C.M.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77272
AB  - BACKGROUND: Remarkably, little attention has been paid to the role of intimate partners and their drinking behavior in relation to adolescent alcohol use. In the current study, we examined associations between adolescent alcohol use and romantic partners' drinking behavior. METHODS: A total of 428 families, consisting of both parents and two adolescents (aged 13.4 and 15.2 at Time 1) participated in a prospective study with four annual waves. Correlations and multivariate regressions were used to examine (1) similarity in drinking behaviors of adolescents and intimate partners, (2) whether alcohol use of partners prospectively predicts adolescent alcohol consumption, and (3) whether adolescents who consume alcohol select partners over time who show similar drinking behaviors. RESULTS: (1) Frequency of alcohol consumption of adolescents and of their romantic partners correlated significantly. (2) Alcohol use of partners was not predictive of adolescent alcohol consumption over time, if previous levels of alcohol consumption were taken into account. (3) Adolescents acquired partners with similar drinking behaviors. Gender effects were found; adolescent girls, but not boys, were more likely to become involved with partners who also frequently consumed alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding alcohol consumption, adolescents and their intimate partners were relatively similar in alcohol use. This resemblance is best explained by adolescents' selection of future partner on the basis of alcohol consumption. Less indication was found for influence effects, perhaps due to the transient nature of most adolescent romantic relationships.
TI  - The crown of love: intimate relations and alcohol use in adolescence.
EP  - 417
SN  - 1018-8827
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 407
JF  - European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 18
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0748-6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80237
AB  - It is well known that the basal ganglia are involved in switching between movement sequences. Here we test the hypothesis that this contribution is an instance of a more general role of the basal ganglia in selecting actions that deviate from the context defined by the recent motor history, even when there is no sequential structure to learn or implement. We investigated the effect of striatal dopamine depletion [in Parkinson's disease (PD)] on the ability to switch between independent action plans. PD patients with markedly lateralized signs performed a hand laterality judgment task that involved action selection of their most and least affected hand. Trials where patients selected the same (repeat) or the alternative (switch) hand as in a previous trial were compared, and this was done separately for the most and least affected hand. Behaviorally, PD patients showed switch-costs that were specific to the most affected hand and that increased with disease severity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that this behavioral effect was related to the state of the frontostriatal system: as disease severity increased, contributions of the basal ganglia to the selection process and their effective connectivity with the medial frontal cortex (MFC) decreased, whereas involvement of the MFC increased. We conclude that the basal ganglia are important for rapidly switching toward novel motor plans even when there is no sequential structure to learn or implement. The enhanced MFC activity may result either from reduced focusing abilities of the basal ganglia or from compensatory processes.
TI  - Increased dependence of action selection on recent motor history in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 6113
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 19
SP  - 6105
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0704-09.2009
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/80237/80237.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brazil, I.A.
AU  - Bruijn, E.R. de
AU  - Bulten, B.H.
AU  - Borries, A.K.L. von
AU  - Lankveld, J.J.D.M. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76958
AB  - BACKGROUND: One of the most recognizable features of psychopathy is the reduced ability to successfully learn and adapt overt behavior. This might be due to deficient processing of error information indicating the need to adapt controlled behavior. METHODS: Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral components of error-monitoring processes were investigated in 16 individuals with psychopathy and in 18 healthy subjects. A letter version of the Eriksen flanker task was used in two conditions. The first condition (normal condition) required participants to press one of two buttons depending on the identity of the target stimulus. The second condition (signaling condition) required them to signal each time they had committed an error by making a second press on a signaling button. Early stages of error monitoring were investigated by using the error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and post-error slowing as indexes. Later stages were explored by examining the error positivity (Pe) and signaling rates. RESULTS: Both groups showed similar ERN amplitudes and amounts of post-error slowing. The psychopathic group exhibited both reduced Pe amplitudes and diminished error-signaling rates compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with psychopathy show intact early error processing and automatic behavioral adaptation but have deficits in later stages of error processing and controlled behavioral adaptation. This is an indication that individuals with psychopathy are unable to effectively use error information to change their behavior adequately.
TI  - Early and late components of error monitoring in violent offenders with psychopathy.
EP  - 143
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 137
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 65
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Speelman, A.D.
AU  - Weiss, A.
AU  - Hausdorff, J.M.
AU  - Nimwegen, M.L. van
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.A.M
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80220
TI  - Detecting freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease with an ambulatory monitor
EP  - S279
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. S1
SP  - S279
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Poser, A.B.
PY  - 2009
SN  - 9789090241159
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/83282
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Techniques for BOLD and blood volume weighted fMRI
N1  - RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 26 juni 2009
PS  - 208 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/83282/83282.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pijnacker, J.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Teunisse, J.P.W.M.
AU  - Geurts, L.B.W.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76784
AB  - Although people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often have severe problems with pragmatic aspects of language, little is known about their pragmatic reasoning. We carried out a behavioral study on high-functioning adults with autistic disorder (n = 11) and Asperger syndrome (n = 17) and matched controls (n = 28) to investigate whether they are capable of deriving scalar implicatures, which are generally considered to be pragmatic inferences. Participants were presented with underinformative sentences like &#x201c;Some sparrows are birds&#x201d;. This sentence is logically true, but pragmatically inappropriate if the scalar implicature &#x201c;Not all sparrows are birds&#x201d; is derived. The present findings indicate that the combined ASD group was just as likely as controls to derive scalar implicatures, yet there was a difference between participants with autistic disorder and Asperger syndrome, suggesting a potential differentiation between these disorders in pragmatic reasoning. Moreover, our results suggest that verbal intelligence is a constraint for task performance in autistic disorder but not in Asperger syndrome.
TI  - Pragmatic Inferences in High-Functioning Adults with Autism and Asperger Syndrome
EP  - 618
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 607
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 39
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0661-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nanhoe-Mahabier, S.W.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Zijlmans, J.C.M.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81814
AB  - Optimal management of chronic diseases not only requires tackling of the primary disease processes, but also necessitates timely recognition and treatment of comorbid conditions. In this article, we illustrate this two-pronged approach for two common age-related disorders: Parkinson disease (PD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We first discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms that could provide a link between PD and CVD. Patients with PD have a series of risk factors that could promote development of CVD, but also have several protective factors. We then review the available clinical, radiological and neuropathological evidence to support an association between these two conditions. We conclude by discussing the potential implications for clinical practice, highlighting how comorbid CVD could alter the clinical presentation of PD and reviewing the possibilities for prevention and secondary prophylaxis. Additional research will be needed to fully evaluate the prevalence and clinical relevance of comorbid CVD in PD. Pending further evidence, we recommend that cerebral neuroimaging should be considered if patients with initially uncomplicated PD develop-either acutely or chronically-prominent and/or treatment-resistant gait impairment, postural instability, depression, cognitive decline, or urinary incontinence. Finding comorbid CVD in such patients could have prognostic implications, and could necessitate treatment to arrest further progression of CVD.
TI  - Parkinson disease and comorbid cerebrovascular disease.
EP  - 541
SN  - 1759-4758
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 533
JF  - Nature Reviews. Neurology
VL  - vol. 5
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81872
AB  - Drooling (saliva loss) is a frequently reported symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but an accurate estimate of the prevalence of drooling is lacking. The aim of this study was to systematically review the prevalence of drooling in published research papers. A systematic PubMed and CINAHL search was done, including studies published until January 2009. Eight studies were found, presenting prevalence rates of drooling based on responses of PD patients to questionnaires. The statistical heterogeneity was highly significant (P < 0.0001), with prevalence rates ranging from 32 to 74%. The pooled prevalence estimate with random effect analysis was of 56% (95% CI 44-67) for PD patients and 14% (95% CI 3-25) for healthy controls; the pooled relative risk (RR) with random effect analysis was 5.5 (95% CI 2.1-14.4). All studies reported data of community dwelling idiopathic PD patients, with a mean age around 65 years and mild PD in 50-60% of the cases. Heterogeneity was mainly caused by differences in definition or frequency of drooling. The highest prevalence rates included nocturnal drooling where others noted only diurnal drooling. Analysis of the data of two studies showed that drooling is reported frequently by 22-26% of the patients. Prevalence rates were lower in milder PD patients. The summarized findings demonstrate that drooling can be present in half of all PD patients. In about a quarter of PD patients, drooling appears to be a frequently occurring problem. We recommend to report drooling in future studies with more detailed consideration of severity, frequency and nocturnal versus diurnal complaints.
TI  - Prevalence and definition of drooling in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.
EP  - 1396
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1391
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 256
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5098-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81876
TI  - Prevalence of drooling in Parkinson's disease: a matter of definition
EP  - S529
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - S529
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Kwakkel, G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81942
AB  - Even with optimal medical management using drugs or neurosurgery, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are faced with progressively increasing mobility problems. For this reason, many patients require additional physical therapy. Here, we review the professional evolution and scientific validation of physical therapy in PD, and highlight several future challenges. To gain insight in ongoing, recently completed or published trials and systematic reviews, we performed a structured literature review and contacted experts in the field of physical therapy in PD. Following publication of the first controlled clinical trial in 1981, the quantity and quality of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of physical therapy in PD has evolved rapidly. In 2004 the first guideline on physical therapy in PD was published, providing recommendations for evidence-based interventions. Current research is aiming to gather additional evidence to support specific intervention strategies such as the prevention of falls, and to evaluate the implementation of evidence into clinical practice. Although research focused on physical therapy for PD is a relatively young field, high-quality supportive evidence is emerging for specific therapeutic strategies. We provide some recommendations for future research, and discuss innovative strategies to improve the organization of allied health care in PD, making evidence-based care available to all PD patients.
TI  - Physical therapy in Parkinson's disease: evolution and future challenges.
EP  - 14
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22141
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vingerhoets, R.A.A.
AU  - Vrijer, M. de
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/75380
AB  - We investigated the effect of visual and vestibular body-tilt cues on the subjective visual vertical (SVV) in six human observers at roll tilts of 0, 60, and 120 degrees . Subjects adjusted a small luminous test line parallel to the perceived direction of gravity, in the presence of a large peripheral visual frame line. These settings, referred to as the frame SVV, were compared with the SVV in complete darkness (dark SVV). The frame SVV was virtually identical to the dark SVV for frame lines parallel or orthogonal to the dark SVV. Away from these neutral positions, the frame induced a periodic SVV modulation, which was small in upright observers, but became quite pronounced when subjects were tilted. For upright, where the dark SVV was very accurate, the frame SVV showed errors in both directions, following a roughly symmetrical pattern. At 120 degrees tilt, where the dark SVV invariably showed tilt undercompensation (A-effect), the frame effect became asymmetrical, with a stronger tendency to improve than to worsen accuracy. We tested whether our findings could be explained by two spatial orientation models: Mittelstaedt's idiotropic model and a Bayesian scheme with a stage for the processing of visual cues. Both models show a periodic frame effect that becomes stronger with increasing body tilt and can explain why frame lines parallel or perpendicular to the dark SVV are ineffective. Based on their performance, we conclude that perception of the visual vertical is based on a centrally weighted fusion of visual, vestibular, and egocentric references.
TI  - Fusion of visual and vestibular tilt cues in the perception of visual vertical.
EP  - 1333
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1321
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 101
PS  - 13 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90725.2008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vrijer, M. de
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76034
AB  - Using the subjective visual vertical task (SVV), previous investigations on the maintenance of visual orientation constancy during lateral tilt have found two opposite bias effects in different tilt ranges. The SVV typically shows accurate performance near upright but severe undercompensation at tilts beyond 60 deg (A-effect), frequently with slight overcompensation responses (E-effect) in between. Here we investigate whether a Bayesian spatial-perception model can account for this error pattern. The model interprets A- and E-effects as the drawback of a computational strategy, geared at maintaining visual stability with optimal precision at small tilt angles. In this study, we test whether these systematic errors can be seen as the consequence of a precision-accuracy trade-off when combining a veridical but noisy signal about eye orientation in space with the visual signal. To do so, we used a psychometric approach to assess both precision and accuracy of the SVV in eight subjects laterally tilted at 9 different tilt angles (-120 degrees to 120 degrees). Results show that SVV accuracy and precision worsened with tilt angle, according to a pattern that could be fitted quite adequately by the Bayesian model. We conclude that spatial vision essentially follows the rules of Bayes' optimal observer theory.
TI  - Accuracy-precision trade-off in visual orientation constancy.
EP  - 15
SN  - 1534-7362
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 9.1
JF  - Journal of Vision
VL  - vol. 9
PS  - 16 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.2.9
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/76034/76034.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linden, M.H. van der
AU  - Hendricks, H.T.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80471
AB  - The impact phase during walking is sometimes characterised by an early loading peak, termed 'transient', followed by a brief decline in the force profile, termed 'unloading phase'. It was hypothesized that transients occur more frequently when subjects are unaware of the landing condition, and that the unloading phase represents a yield of the leg. This was tested experimentally by introducing an unexpectedly lowered or level support surface height during walking. Furthermore, associations between the unloading phase and type of foot placement, load-rate, kinesiology and centre of pressure were investigated. The transient occurred more frequently when subjects were unaware of the surface height. The amplitude of unloading was higher in flatfooted (combined), as compared to heel and toe landings. The percentage of combined landings, as well as the amplitude and duration of unloading were highest in the first unexpected level trials (UL1) and gradually decreased in the subsequent level trials, when subjects adapted to the situation. Following the UL1 unloading phase, the foot roll-off was halted, the ipsilateral knee flexed, the onset of the contralateral swing phase was delayed, and the double support phase increased. The unloading amplitude correlated significantly with the load-rate and knee flexion. It is concluded that an unexpected surface height frequently induces an early stance transient that is followed by an unloading phase, flexion response and halt in foot roll-off. These characteristics deserve further study in the context of the frequent falls induced by uneven surfaces during walking.
TI  - Hitting a support surface at unexpected height during walking induces loading transients.
EP  - 260
SN  - 0966-6362
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 255
JF  - Gait & Posture
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.08.017
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80649
AB  - BACKGROUND: A vital component of an organism's response to acute stress is a surge in vigilance that serves to optimize the detection and assessment of threats to its homeostasis. The amygdala is thought to regulate this process, but in humans, acute stress and amygdala function have up to now only been studied in isolation. Hence, we developed an integrated design using functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the immediate effects of controlled stress induction on amygdala function. METHODS: In 27 healthy female participants, we studied brain responses to emotional facial stimuli, embedded in an either acutely stressful or neutral context by means of adjoining movie clips. RESULTS: A variety of physiological and psychological measures confirmed successful induction of moderate levels of acute stress. More importantly, this context manipulation shifted the amygdala toward higher sensitivity as well as lower specificity, that is, stress induction augmented amygdala responses to equally high levels for threat-related and positively valenced stimuli, thereby diminishing a threat-selective response pattern. Additionally, stress amplified sensory processing in early visual regions and the face responsive area of the fusiform gyrus but not in a frontal region involved in task execution. CONCLUSIONS: A shift of amygdala function toward heightened sensitivity with lower levels of specificity suggests a state of indiscriminate hypervigilance under stress. Although this represents initial survival value in adverse situations where the risk for false negatives in the detection of potential threats should be minimized, it might similarly play a causative role in the sequelae of traumatic events.
TI  - From specificity to sensitivity: how acute stress affects amygdala processing of biologically salient stimuli.
EP  - 655
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 649
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 66
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80823
TI  - Eis Bewijs
EP  - 266
SN  - 1571-5930
SP  - 266
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 110
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snaphaan, L.J.A.E.
AU  - Werf, S.P. van der
AU  - Kanselaar, K.
AU  - Leeuw, H.F. de
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81921
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several studies have described the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke depressive symptoms (PSDS). However, most studies did not exclude patients with depressive symptoms shortly before stroke and paid little attention to prestroke risk factors of depression, including previous depressive episodes, white matter lesions, and brain atrophy. These are potential limitations to assess the true effect of stroke on the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PSDS with adjustments for the previously mentioned prestroke factors. METHODS: 420 consecutive patients with an acute clinical symptomatic transient ischemic attack or cerebral infarction were eligible for enrolment in this study. The presence of PSDS was rated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 6-8 weeks after stroke. The relation between (pre-) stroke factors and PSDS was assessed with multivariate regression analysis. Results : The prevalence of PSDS was 13% and did not differ between stroke subtype or first-ever/ever occurrence of stroke. Higher degree of post-stroke handicap was related to PSDS (OR = 5.39; 95% CI = 2.40-12.08) and more functional independence had a protective effect on PSDS (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.77-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study that investigated the prevalence and risk factors of PSDS by carefully excluding patients with depressive symptoms shortly before stroke. PSDS were not related to lesion side or location, but to the degree of post-stroke handicap and functional independence. Early detection of PSDS and their risk factors might help to predict long-term outcome and could promote early interventions of (behavioral) rehabilitation treatment strategies.
TI  - Post-stroke depressive symptoms are associated with post-stroke characteristics.
EP  - 557
SN  - 1015-9770
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 551
JF  - Cerebrovascular Diseases
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000247598
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Ewalds, H.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Braspenning, J.C.C.
AU  - Oostendorp, R.A.B.
AU  - Hendriks, E.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81804
AB  - AIM: The aim of this study was to develop quality indicators for physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) according to international criteria. METHODS: Indicators were based on an evidence-based guideline for physiotherapy in PD. Guideline recommendations were transformed into indicators and rated for their relevance by an expert panel. Relevant indicators were incorporated into a questionnaire termed ''Quality Indicators for Physiotherapy in PD'' (QIP-PD). The QIP-PD was piloted among 105 physiotherapists. The adjusted version was evaluated in 46 physiotherapists with specific expertise in PD and in 795 general physiotherapists. The following clinimetric aspects of the QIP-PD were tested: completeness of answers, response distribution, internal consistency, and discriminative power. The reliability of the QIP-PD was evaluated by interviews among a randomly selected cohort of 32 PD experts and 32 general physiotherapists. Results : The expert panel selected 16 indicators, which were transformed into an adjusted 17-item QIP-PD. The adjusted QIP-PD was completed by 41 expert physiotherapists and 286 general physiotherapists. Comple-teness of item scores ranged from 95-98%. Six items were excluded from the final analyses as they showed ceiling effect among both groups, or lacked discriminative power. The total QIP-PD score for the 11 items was significantly higher for expert physiotherapists (35.1+/-4.2) compared to general physiotherapists (22.2+/-7.7; P=0.01). Internal consistency was good (Crohnbach's alpha 0.84). QIP-PD scores of therapists and interviewers (correlated using Intraclass Correlations Coefficients) ranged from 0.63 to 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: The QIP-PD is a relevant, feasible, valid, discriminative and reliable instrument to measure adherence to guidelines for physiotherapy in PD. In addition, the results underscore that quality improvement interventions for physiotherapy in PD are needed, as guideline adherence is suboptimal in physiotherapists without specific PD expertise.
TI  - Quality indicators for physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 245
SN  - 1973-9087
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 239
JF  - European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
VL  - vol. 45
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Drost, G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Trip, J.
AU  - Pieterse, A.J.
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81035
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Patients with autosomal recessive myotonia congenita display myotonia and transient paresis that diminish with repetitive muscle contractions (warm-up phenomenon). A new approach is presented to quantify this warm-up phenomenon under clinically relevant gait and balance tasks. METHODS: Ten patients with DNA proven autosomal recessive myotonia congenita and 14 age-matched controls participated. Subjects performed six everyday gait and balance tasks. Balance control during these tasks was monitored using two angular velocity transducers that measured trunk movements in anterior-posterior (pitch) and medio-lateral (roll) directions at the level of the lumbar vertebral column. Tasks were performed under two conditions in randomised order: after a 10-minute seated rest period ("rested") and after having consecutively repeated the task five times ("warm-up"). Controls were also tested twice. Results : "Rested" patients showed the greatest abnormalities (increased sway in pitch and roll) for tandem walking and walking stairs. Balance impairment was also evident for all other tasks. After "warm-up," balance was markedly improved in patients, as reflected by decreased trunk sway (especially during tandem walking) and reduced task duration for all tasks. These results were not only evident at the group level but also clearly present in individual patients. CONCLUSION: The results show that trunk sway analysis detects postural instability in myotonia congenita patients during everyday gait and balance tasks. Moreover, this technique provides a useful tool to quantify the warm-up phenomenon, suggesting a potential use as clinical endpoint in future clinical trials.
TI  - Trunk sway analysis to quantify the warm-up phenomenon in myotonia congenita patients.
EP  - 212
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 207
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 80
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.143982
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oude Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Honegger, F.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80542
AB  - Support-surface movements are commonly used to examine balance control. Subjects typically receive a series of identical or randomly interspersed multidirectional balance perturbations and the atypical "first trial reaction" (evoked by the first perturbation) is often excluded from further analysis. However, this procedure may obscure vital information about neurophysiological mechanisms associated with the first perturbation and, by analogy, fully unexpected falls. We studied first trial reactions, aiming to clarify their directional impact on postural control and to characterize the underlying neurophysiological substrate. We instructed 36 subjects to maintain balance following support-surface rotations in six different directions. Perturbations in each direction were delivered in blocks, consisting of 10 serial stimuli. Full body kinematics, surface reactive forces, and electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded. Regardless of direction, for the very first rotation, displacement of the center of mass was 15% larger compared with the ensuing nine identical rotations (P < 0.0001). This first trial reaction immediately reemerged whenever a new perturbation direction was introduced. First trial reactions (and near-falls) were greatest for backward-directed rotations and smallest for laterally directed rotations. This directional dependence coincided with early changes in vertical head accelerations. First trial reactions in EMG responses involved larger amplitudes in general and earlier muscle response onsets in upper body muscles. These findings show that first trial reactions are associated with significantly increased postural instability, mainly due to increased response amplitudes. Although rapid habituation occurs following presentation of identical stimuli, subjects immediately become unstable again when the perturbation direction suddenly changes. Excessive responses due to a failure to combine proprioceptive and vestibular cues effectively may explain this instability seen with first trials, particularly when falling backward.
TI  - Directional sensitivity of "first trial" reactions in human balance control.
EP  - 2814
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 2802
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 101
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90945.2008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerschlager, W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80511
TI  - Hiccups associated with levodopa in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 622
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 621
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22395
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerschlager, W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79880
TI  - Managing pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease with enteral levodopa/carbidopa infusions.
EP  - 1860
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1858
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22652
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Kung, U.M.
AU  - Honegger, F.
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
AU  - Alfen, N. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80974
AB  - We characterized upper trunk and pelvis motion in normal subjects and in subjects with vestibular or proprioceptive loss, to document upper body movement modes in the pitch and roll planes during quiet stance. Six bilateral vestibular loss (VL), six bilateral lower-leg proprioceptive loss (PL) and 28 healthy subjects performed four stance tasks: standing on firm or foam surface with eyes open or closed. Motion of the upper body was measured using two pairs of body-worn gyroscopes, one mounted at the pelvis and the other pair at the shoulders. Pitch and roll angular velocities recorded from the gyroscopes were analyzed separately for low-frequency (<0.7 Hz) and high-frequency (>3 Hz) motion. Low-frequency pitch motion was similar for all groups, consisting of in-phase pelvis and shoulder motion. High-frequency pitch motion in controls and VL subjects was dominated by pelvis motion with little shoulder motion, but vice versa in PL subjects. Low-frequency roll motion changed for all groups from mainly shoulder and little pelvis motion to in-phase pelvis and shoulder motion after moving from a firm to foam surface. In contrast, high-frequency roll motion changed from mainly shoulder motion to mainly pelvis motion with the change to a foam surface, except for PL subjects with eyes closed. Coherent low-frequency sway between pelvis and shoulder was only pronounced in VL patients. These results indicate that relative motion between the pelvis and shoulder depends on the support surface, the type of sensory loss, and whether the motion is in roll or pitch plane. Furthermore, relative motion between the pelvis and upper trunk is an integral part of movement modes used to control quiet stance. Vestibular loss patients showed very similar movement modes as controls, with larger amplitudes. Proprioceptive loss patients, however, used more shoulder motion and stabilized the pelvis for the high-frequency mode. We conclude that there is relative motion between the upper trunk and pelvis during quiet stance and suggest that it may contribute to balance control.
TI  - Vestibular and proprioceptive influences on trunk movements during quiet standing.
EP  - 914
SN  - 0306-4522
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 904
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 161
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meeren, H.K.M.
AU  - Veening, J.G.
AU  - Moderscheim, T.A.
AU  - Coenen, A.M.
AU  - Luijtelaar, E.L.J.M. van
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81377
TI  - Thalamic lesions in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy: Dissociation between spike-wave discharges and sleep spindles
EP  - 37
SN  - 0014-4886
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 25
JF  - Experimental Neurology
VL  - vol. 217
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.01.009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okuma, Y.
AU  - Fukae, J
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81819
TI  - Prospective assessment of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease wit motor fluctuations.
EP  - s533
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. suppl. 1
SP  - s532
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grimbergen, Y.A.M.
AU  - Langston, J.W.
AU  - Roos, R.A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81924
AB  - Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally viewed as a mainly hypodopaminergic syndrome, with symptoms resulting predominantly from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. However, while most of the cardinal motor features of PD respond well to dopaminergic therapy, many other features of the disease do not. Balance impairment and the associated risk of falling represent one of the most prominent and potentially disabling features that are typically refractory to dopaminergic treatment. Therefore, it is possible that lesions in nondopaminergic systems contribute to the pathophysiology of postural instability in PD. Such nondopaminergic lesions are well recognized, certainly in advanced stages of PD where postural instability and falls dominate the clinical presentation. However, it remains unclear which of the identified nondopaminergic lesions is specifically responsible for postural instability and balance impairment. In this review, we argue that cell loss in the locus coeruleus and a resultant central norepinephrine deficit are intimately involved in the pathophysiology of postural instability in PD. If proven to be correct, this link between defective noradrenergic neurotransmission and postural instability could have important implications for the future development of new symptomatic treatments aimed to correct postural instability and preventing falls. Studies in the next 5 years could test this hypothesis, using a battery of complementary research techniques, including advanced neuroimaging (structural, functional imaging and nuclear), neurochemical studies of cerebrospinal fluid, post-mortem clinicopathological analyses and detailed clinical balance evaluations supplemented by posturography studies.
TI  - Postural instability in Parkinson's disease: the adrenergic hypothesis and the locus coeruleus.
EP  - 290
SN  - 1473-7175
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 279
JF  - Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
VL  - vol. 9
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.9.2.279
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Quist-Anholtsg, W.L.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Roode, M.H. De
AU  - Lindeboom, R.
AU  - Mulleners, W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80735
AB  - AIM: The aim of this paper was to develop and evaluate a patient-specific index for physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PSI-PD). METHODS: In the PSI-PD, patients 1) select problematic activities out of a predefined list, with one self-report item; 2) rank selected items in order of importance; and 3) rate severity for each ranked item. To examine test-retest reliability, a cohort of patients was asked to complete the PSI-PD twice. Afterwards, validity was evaluated using a telephone interview. RESULTS: The PSI-PD was completed twice by 81 patients. Test-retest agreement for the selection of activity limitations was 73% to 94%. Items ranked by patients were categorized into domains, of which gait, transfers and dexterity were rated most frequently (41%-70%). Test-retest agreement for ranked domains ranged from 74% to 82%. Interviews confirmed that the PSI-PD reliably identified problem areas. CONCLUSIONS: The PSI-PD is a relevant, reliable and valid instrument to identify limitations in everyday activities that are important for both PD patients and physiotherapists.
TI  - Evaluation of a Patient-Specific Index as an outcome measure for physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 512
SN  - 1973-9087
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 507
JF  - European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
VL  - vol. 45
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Mahabier, W
AU  - Weerdesteyn, V.G.M.
AU  - Defebvre, L.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76879
TI  - Interclimb coordination in Parkinsons disease during split belt locomotion
EP  - s330
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - s330
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Marle, H.J.F. van
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79849
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acute psychological stress impairs higher-order cognitive function such as working memory (WM). Similar impairments are seen in various psychiatric disorders that are associated with higher susceptibility to stress and with prefrontal cortical dysfunctions, suggesting that acute stress may play a potential role in such dysfunctions. However, it remains unknown whether acute stress has immediate effects on WM-related prefrontal activity. METHODS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neural activity of 27 healthy female participants during a blocked WM task (numerical N-back) while moderate psychological stress was induced by viewing strongly aversive (vs. neutral) movie material together with a self-referencing instruction. To assess stress manipulation, autonomic and endocrine, as well as subjective, measurements were acquired throughout the experiment. RESULTS: Successfully induced acute stress resulted in significantly reduced WM-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and was accompanied by less deactivation in brain regions that are jointly referred to as the default mode network. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that experimentally induced acute stress in healthy volunteers results in a reduction of WM-related DLPFC activity and reallocation of neural resources away from executive function networks. These effects may be explained by supraoptimal levels of catecholamines potentially in conjunction with elevated levels of cortisol. A similar mechanism involving acute stress as a mediating factor may play an important role in higher-order cognitive deficits and hypofrontality observed in various psychiatric disorders.
TI  - Acute psychological stress reduces working memory-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
EP  - 32
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 25
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 66
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Kung, U.M.
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Hengstman, G.J.D.
AU  - Kooi, A.J. van der
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80425
AB  - Muscle weakness is consistently associated with falls in the elderly people, typically when present along with other risk factors. However, it remains unknown whether and how muscle weakness alone affects balance. This hampers development of more effective fall prevention strategies. Clinical observations suggest that the amount and distribution of muscle weakness influences balance control. We therefore investigated balance corrections in patients with either predominantly proximal (limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD); n=8) or distal (distal spinal muscular atrophy; n=5) leg weakness, and 27 matched healthy controls. Balance was perturbed using surface tilt rotations that were delivered randomly in eight directions. Balance measures were full body kinematics and surface electromyographic activity (EMG) of leg, arm, and trunk muscles. Both patient groups were more unstable than controls, as reflected by greater excursions of the centre of mass (COM), especially in the pitch (anterior-posterior (AP)) plane. COM displacements were greater in distal weakness patients. Patients with distal weakness had excessive and unstable trunk, knee and ankle movements, and this was present following both forward and backward directed balance perturbations, possibly reflecting the greater use of distal leg muscles in these directions. In contrast, the less weak proximal weakness patients demonstrated unstable trunk and ankle movements only for backward directed balance perturbations. Both patient groups used arm movements to compensate for their instability. We conclude that primarily distal but also proximal muscle weakness leads to significant postural instability. This observation, together with the retained ability of patients to use compensatory arm movements, provides targets that may be amenable to improvement with therapeutic intervention.
TI  - Balance control in patients with distal versus proximal muscle weakness.
EP  - 1886
SN  - 0306-4522
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1876
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 164
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.063
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Laar, T. van
AU  - Vriezen, J.A.
AU  - Flikweert, S.
AU  - Hulscher, M.E.J.L.
AU  - Munneke, M.A.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81747
TI  - Recommendations for optimal organization of care in Parkinson's disease
EP  - s121
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. suppl. 1
SP  - s121
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thijs, R.D.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Dijk, J.G. van
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80720
AB  - In this practically oriented review, we will outline the clinical approach of patients with falls due to an impairment or loss of consciousness. Following a set of definitions, we describe the salient clinical features of disorders leading to such falls. Among falls caused by true loss of consciousness, we separate the clinical characteristics of syncopal falls (due to reflex syncope, hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension or cardiac syncope) from falls due to other causes of transient unconsciousness, such as seizures. With respect to falls caused by an apparent loss of consciousness, we discuss the presentation of cataplexy, drop attacks, and psychogenic falls. Particular emphasis will be laid upon crucial features obtained by history taking for distinguishing between the various conditions that cause or mimic a transient loss of consciousness.
TI  - Falls, faints, fits and funny turns.
EP  - 167
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 155
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 256
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-0108-y
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ritz, K.
AU  - Gerrits, M.C.
AU  - Foncke, E.M.
AU  - Ruissen, F. van
AU  - Linden, C. van der
AU  - Vergouwen, M.D.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Vandenberghe, W.
AU  - Crols, R.
AU  - Speelman, J.D.
AU  - Baas, F.
AU  - Tijssen, M.A.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80928
AB  - BACKGROUND: Myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) is an autosomal dominant inherited movement disorder. Various mutations within the epsilon-sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene have been associated with M-D, but mutations are detected in only about 30% of patients. The lack of stringent clinical inclusion criteria and limitations of mutation screens by direct sequencing might explain this observation. METHODS: Eighty-six M-D index patients from the Dutch national referral centre for M-D underwent neurological examination and were classified according to previously published criteria into definite, probable and possible M-D. Sequence analysis of the SGCE gene and screening for copy number variations were performed. In addition, screening was carried out for the 3 bp deletion in exon 5 of the DYT1 gene. RESULTS: Based on clinical examination, 24 definite, 23 probable and 39 possible M-D patients were detected. Thirteen of the 86 M-D index patients carried a SGCE mutation: seven nonsense mutations, two splice site mutations, three missense mutations (two within one patient) and one multiexonic deletion. In the definite M-D group, 50% carried an SGCE mutation and one single patient in the probable group (4%). One possible M-D patient showed a 4 bp deletion in the DYT1 gene (c.934_937delAGAG). CONCLUSIONS: Mutation carriers were mainly identified in the definite M-D group. However, in half of definite M-D cases, no mutation could be identified. Copy-number variations did not play a major role in the large cohort.
TI  - Myoclonus-dystonia: clinical and genetic evaluation of a large cohort.
EP  - 658
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 653
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 80
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.162099
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andreen, L.
AU  - Nyberg, S.
AU  - Turkmen, S.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81529
AB  - Certain women experience negative mood symptoms as a result of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, progestagens in hormonal contraceptives, or the addition of progesterone or progestagens in sequential hormone therapy (HT). This phenomenon is believed to be mediated via the action of the progesterone metabolites on the GABA(A) system, which is the major inhibitory system in the mammalian CNS. The positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor include allopregnanolone and pregnanolone, both neuroactive metabolites of progesterone, as well as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. Studies on the effect of GABA(A) receptor modulators have shown contradictory results; although human and animal studies have revealed beneficial properties such as anaesthesia, sedation, anticonvulsant effects, and anxiolytic effects, recent reports have also indicated adverse effects such as anxiety, irritability, and aggression. It has actually been suggested that several GABA(A) receptor modulators, including allopregnanolone, have biphasic effects, in that low concentrations increase an adverse, anxiogenic effect whereas higher concentrations decrease this effect and show beneficial, calming properties. The allopregnanolone increase during the luteal phase in fertile women, as well as during the addition of progesterone in HT, has been shown to induce adverse mood in women. The severity of these mood symptoms is related to the allopregnanolone serum concentrations in a manner similar to an inverted U-shaped curve. Negative mood symptoms occur when the serum concentration of allopregnanolone is similar to endogenous luteal phase levels, while low and high concentrations have less effect on mood. It has also been shown that progesterone/allopregnanolone treatment in women increases the activity in the amygdala (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging) in a similar way to the changes seen during anxiety reactions. However, it is evident that only certain women experience adverse mood during progesterone or GABA(A) receptor modulator treatments. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have severe luteal phase related symptoms; in this phase, they show changes in GABA(A) receptor sensitivity and GABA concentrations that are related to the severity of the condition. These findings suggest that negative mood symptoms in women with PMDD are caused by the paradoxical effect of allopregnanolone mediated via the GABA(A) receptor. CONCLUSION: Progesterone and progestagens induce negative mood, most probably via their GABA(A) receptor active metabolites. In postmenopausal women treated with progesterone and animals treated with allopregnanolone, there is a bimodal association between serum allopregnanolone concentration and adverse mood, resembling an inverted U-shaped curve. In humans, the maximal effective concentration of allopregnanolone for producing negative mood is within the range of physiological luteal phase serum concentrations.
TI  - Sex steroid induced negative mood may be explained by the paradoxical effect mediated by GABAA modulators.
EP  - 1132
SN  - 0306-4530
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1121
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
VL  - vol. 34
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez-Martin, P.
AU  - Rodriguez-Blazquez, C.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Bhattacharyya, K.B.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Carod-Artal, F.J.
AU  - Prakash, R.
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Falup-Pecurariu, C.
AU  - Gallardo, M.
AU  - Mir, P.
AU  - Naidu, Y.
AU  - Nicoletti, A.
AU  - Sethi, K.
AU  - Tsuboi, Y
AU  - Hilten, J.J. van
AU  - Visser, M. de
AU  - Zappia, M.
AU  - Chaudhuri, K.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80119
AB  - BACKGROUND: Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) have a great impact on patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) is an instrument specifically designed for the comprehensive assessment of NMS in patients with PD. NMSS psychometric properties have been tested in this study. METHODS: Data were collected in 12 centers across 10 countries in America, Asia, and Europe. In addition to the NMSS, the following measures were applied: Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease (SCOPA)-Motor, SCOPA-Psychiatric Complications (SCOPA-PC), SCOPA-Cognition, Hoehn and Yahr Staging (HY), Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI-PD), SCOPA-Autonomic, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 items (PDQ-39), and EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D). NMSS acceptability, reliability, validity, and precision were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred eleven patients with PD, 61.3% men, were recruited. The mean age was 64.5 +/- 9.9 years, and mean disease duration was 8.1 +/- 5.7 years. The NMSS score was 57.1 +/- 44.0 points. The scale was free of floor or ceiling effects. For domains, the Cronbach alpha coefficient ranged from 0.44 to 0.85. The intraclass correlation coefficient (0.90 for the total score, 0.67-0.91 for domains) and Lin concordance coefficient (0.88) suggested satisfactory reproducibility. The NMSS total score correlated significantly with SCOPA-Autonomic, PDQ-39, and EQ-5D (r(S) = 0.57-0.70). Association was close between NMSS domains and the corresponding SCOPA-Autonomic domains (r(S) = 0.51-0.65) and also with scales measuring related constructs (PDSS, SCOPA-PC) (all p < 0.0001). The NMSS total score was higher for women (p < 0.02) and for increasing disease duration, HY, and CISI-PD severity level (p < 0.001). The SEM was 13.91 for total score and 1.71 to 4.73 for domains. CONCLUSION: The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale is an acceptable, reproducible, valid, and precise assessment instrument for nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease.
TI  - International study on the psychometric attributes of the non-motor symptoms scale in Parkinson disease.
EP  - 1591
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 19
SP  - 1584
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 73
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c0d416
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/80119/80119.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aerts, M.B.
AU  - Synhaeve, N.E.
AU  - Mirelman, A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Hausdorff, J.M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80070
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impairments in gait and autonomic function are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These are likely independent symptoms, based on different etiologic mechanisms. However, a few recent reports have observed an association between motor function, in particular gait impairment, and autonomic function in PD. In those studies, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to evaluate gait and motor function. The present study was performed to further examine this putative relationship using quantitative measures of autonomic function and gait in order to shed light on the underlying pathophysiology of these symptoms. METHODS: Nine healthy young, 15 healthy elderly and 18 PD patients were studied. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures were collected during rest. Gait speed, swing time and swing time variability were measured during a 1-min walk at comfortable speed. The motor portion of the UPDRS was also evaluated in all subjects. RESULTS: HRV values were highest in the young adults, intermediate in the healthy elderly controls, and lowest in the PD patients. Gait measures tended to deteriorate with age and were significantly worse in the PD patients, compared to the elderly controls. HRV was not correlated with any measure of gait performance (p>0.129) nor with the UPDRS-motor score (p>0.147). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The present findings support the idea that gait and autonomic function impairments co-exist in PD, but their etiology is based on distinct pathophysiological pathways, with minimal overlap.
TI  - Is heart rate variability related to gait impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease? A pilot study.
EP  - 715
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 712
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 15
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.03.001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delval, A.
AU  - Snijders, A.
AU  - Weerdesteyn, V.G.M.
AU  - Duysens, J.P.
AU  - Defebvre, L.
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77459
TI  - Objective detection of freezing of gait elicited by obstacle avoidance during treadmill walking in Parkinson's disease
EP  - s332
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - s332
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laar, T. van
AU  - Berendse, H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Boon, A.J.
AU  - Hilten, J.J. van
AU  - Hovestadt, A.
AU  - Koning-Tijssen, M.A. de
AU  - Nijssen, P.C.
AU  - Weber, W.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79770
TI  - [Pergolide use and heart valve fibrosis. Yearly control in patients with Parkinson disease who use pergolide]
J2  - [Pergolide use and heart valve fibrosis. Yearly control in patients with Parkinson disease who use pergolide]
EP  - 90
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 87
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 153
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kung, U.M.
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Honegger, F.
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81925
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body segment movements and center of mass (COM) velocity during pathological balance corrections of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients compared with controls, and to relate correlations indicating instability to EMG activity differences. Eighteen SCA patients and 21 age-matched controls were tested. Upright standing was perturbed using rotations of the support surface. We recorded body motion and surface EMG. For lateral perturbations peaks in COM lateral velocity were larger in SCA patients than controls. These peaks were correlated with increased ("hypermetric") trunk roll downhill and reduced uphill knee flexion velocity. Subsequent arm abduction partially corrected the lateral instability. Early balance correcting responses in knee and paraspinal muscles showed reduced amplitudes compared with normal responses. Later responses were consistent with compensation mechanisms for the lateral instability created by the stiffened knee and pelvis. We conclude that truncal hypermetria coupled with insufficient uphill knee flexion is the primary cause of lateral instability in SCA patients. Holding the knees and pelvis more rigid possibly permits a reduction in the controlled degrees of freedom and concentration on arm abduction to improve lateral instability. For backwards perturbations excessive posterior COM velocity coincided with marked trunk hypermetric flexion forwards. We concluded that this flexion and the ensuing backwards shift of the pelvis result from rigidity which jeopardizes posterior stability. Timing considerations and the lack of confirmatory changes in amplitudes of EMG activity suggest that lateral and posterior instability in SCA is primarily a biomechanical response to pelvis and knee rigidity resulting from increased muscle background activity rather than changed evoked responses.
TI  - Postural instability in cerebellar ataxia: correlations of knee, arm and trunk movements to center of mass velocity.
EP  - 404
SN  - 0306-4522
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 390
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 159
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.11.050
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Bos, P.A.
AU  - Putman, P.L.J.
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81712
AB  - Deficits in empathizing and perspective taking are defining characteristics of autism-spectrum disorders. Converging evidence suggests that these socio-emotional abilities are rooted in basic mechanisms that subserve imitative behavior, and may vary with autistic traits across the population as a whole. We investigated this notion by assessing spontaneous and instructed mimicry of facial expressions in healthy male and female volunteers scoring extremely high or low on the autism-spectrum quotient questionnaire. Mimicry was recorded using electromyography of the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major. Results show that spontaneous mimicry in the corrugator supercilii was strongest in female participants with low AQ-scores. Mimicry in the zygomaticus major, and in the instructed facial mimicry condition, did not differ between groups. These findings indicate that the degree to which individuals exhibit spontaneous mimicry may vary as a function of both gender and autistic traits.
TI  - Reduced spontaneous facial mimicry in women with autistic traits.
EP  - 353
SN  - 0301-0511
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 348
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 80
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.12.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Engel-Hoek, L. van den
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.A.M.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Zwarts, M.J.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80914
TI  - Drooling in Parkinson's disease is a motor disorder
EP  - S529
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - S529
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meulenbroek, O.V.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Weber, B.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79905
TI  - Age differences in neural correlates of route encoding and route recognition.
EP  - 1514
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1503
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snaphaan, L.J.A.E.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81711
AB  - Stroke is a leading cause of disability, not only because of motor limitations, but also because of the frequent occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment. This is illustrated by the fact that the risk of post-stroke dementia is reportedly higher than a recurrent stroke. The loss of subcortical and cortical functions in the post-stroke cognitive dysfunction spectrum is usually well explained by the size and location of the infarction. However, this does not apply for post-stroke memory dysfunction (especially episodic memory dysfunction), as there is almost never an infarction in the medial temporal lobe. Involvement of the medial temporal lobe in post-stroke memory dysfunction seems likely since this structure is essential for memory encoding and retrieval. For a proper episodic memory function, the medial temporal lobe depends on intact connections with virtually the whole brain. Disconnection from other brain areas due to the infarction could lead to a reduced medial temporal lobe function and the attendant reduced episodic memory function. We investigated medial temporal lobe functionality in 28 'first-ever' stroke patients and 22 healthy controls with the aid of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke patients with a reduced episodic memory function 6-8 weeks after infarction had reduced medial temporal lobe functionality. Post-stroke reduced medial temporal lobe functionality may be responsible for the frequent observation of impaired post-stroke episodic memory function. Insight into this mechanism could be helpful in identifying which stroke patients may be at increased risk for developing post-stroke dementia and those who could benefit from early cognitive rehabilitation.
TI  - Reduced medial temporal lobe functionality in stroke patients: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
EP  - 1888
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. Pt 7
SP  - 1882
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 132
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp133
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sizoo, B.B.
AU  - Brink, W. van den
AU  - Gorissen-van Eenige, M.E.E.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79489
AB  - We examined temperament and character profiles of 128 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants completed the abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory. The ASD and ADHD groups showed distinct temperament profiles (ADHD: high novelty seeking, ASD: low reward dependence, high harm avoidance) and low character scores in both groups. We then stratified ASD and ADHD into current substance use disorder (SUD+), former (SUD;), or no history of Substance Use Disorder (SUD-). Novelty seeking and reward dependence were only significantly lower for ASD/SUD-, but normal for ASD/SUD; and ASD/SUD+ subgroups. Persistence scores were highest in both SUD; subgroups. We concluded that temperament profiles of ASD and ADHD patients differ significantly, and are similar to profiles reported in earlier studies, but appear to depend on the SUD status. Surprisingly, normal social orientation is found in ASD patients with former or current SUD. High persistence scores characterize patients who overcome SUD.
TI  - Personality characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorders or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without substance use disorders.
EP  - 454
SN  - 0022-3018
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 450
JF  - Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
VL  - vol. 197
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a61dd0
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Zylicz, S.A.
AU  - Pieters, S.
AU  - Mattern, C.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81373
AB  - Testosterone modulates mood and sexual function in women. However, androgen levels decline with age, which may relate to the age-associated change in sexual functioning and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders. These effects of testosterone are potentially mediated by the amygdala. In the present study, we investigated whether the age-related decline in androgen levels is associated with reduced amygdala activity, and whether exogenous testosterone can restore amygdala activity. Healthy young and middle-aged women participated during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and amygdala responses to biologically salient stimuli were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Androgen levels were lower in middle-aged than young women, which was associated with decreased amygdala reactivity. Endogenous testosterone levels correlated positively with amygdala reactivity across the young and middle-aged women. The middle-aged women received a single nasal dose of testosterone in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover manner, which rapidly increased amygdala reactivity to a level comparable to the young women. The enhanced testosterone levels correlated positively with superior frontal cortex responses and negatively with orbitofrontal cortex responses across individuals, which may reflect testosterone-induced changes in amygdala regulation. These results show that testosterone modulates amygdala reactivity in women, and suggest that the age-related decline in androgen levels contribute to the decrease in amygdala reactivity.
TI  - Testosterone increases amygdala reactivity in middle-aged women to a young adulthood level.
EP  - 547
SN  - 0893-133X
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 539
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology (New York)
VL  - vol. 34
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2008.2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cutler, A.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77190
AB  - English listeners largely disregard suprasegmental cues to stress in recognizing words. Evidence for this includes the demonstration of Fear et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1893-1904 (1995)) that cross-splicings are tolerated between stressed and unstressed full vowels (e.g., au- of autumn, automata). Dutch listeners, however, do exploit suprasegmental stress cues in recognizing native-language words. In this study, Dutch listeners were presented with English materials from the study of Fear et al. Acceptability ratings by these listeners revealed sensitivity to suprasegmental mismatch, in particular, in replacements of unstressed full vowels by higher-stressed vowels, thus evincing greater sensitivity to prosodic goodness than had been shown by the original native listener group.
TI  - Greater sensitivity to prosodic goodness in non-native than in native listeners
EP  - 3525
SN  - 0001-4966
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 3522
JF  - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
VL  - vol. 125
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3117434
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/77190/77190.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tyler, M.D.
AU  - Cutler, A.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76786
AB  - Two artificial-language learning experiments directly compared English, French, and Dutch listeners' use of suprasegmental cues for continuous-speech segmentation. In both experiments, listeners heard unbroken sequences of consonant-vowel syllables, composed of recurring three- and four-syllable "words." These words were demarcated by (a) no cue other than transitional probabilities induced by their recurrence, (b) a consistent left-edge cue, or (c) a consistent right-edge cue. Experiment 1 examined a vowel lengthening cue. All three listener groups benefited from this cue in right-edge position; none benefited from it in left-edge position. Experiment 2 examined a pitch-movement cue. English listeners used this cue in left-edge position, French listeners used it in right-edge position, and Dutch listeners used it in both positions. These findings are interpreted as evidence of both language-universal and language-specific effects. Final lengthening is a language-universal effect expressing a more general (non-linguistic) mechanism. Pitch movement expresses prominence which has characteristically different placements across languages: typically at right edges in French, but at left edges in English and Dutch. Finally, stress realization in English versus Dutch encourages greater attention to suprasegmental variation by Dutch than by English listeners, allowing Dutch listeners to benefit from an informative pitch-movement cue even in an uncharacteristic position.
TI  - Cross-language differences in cue use for speech segmentation
EP  - 376
SN  - 0001-4966
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 367
JF  - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
VL  - vol. 126
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3129127
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/76786/76786.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klucharev, V.
AU  - Hytonen, K.A.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Smidts, A.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81685
AB  - We often change our decisions and judgments to conform with normative group behavior. However, the neural mechanisms of social conformity remain unclear. Here we show, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, that conformity is based on mechanisms that comply with principles of reinforcement learning. We found that individual judgments of facial attractiveness are adjusted in line with group opinion. Conflict with group opinion triggered a neuronal response in the rostral cingulate zone and the ventral striatum similar to the "prediction error" signal suggested by neuroscientific models of reinforcement learning. The amplitude of the conflict-related signal predicted subsequent conforming behavioral adjustments. Furthermore, the individual amplitude of the conflict-related signal in the ventral striatum correlated with differences in conforming behavior across subjects. These findings provide evidence that social group norms evoke conformity via learning mechanisms reflected in the activity of the rostral cingulate zone and ventral striatum.
TI  - Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity.
EP  - 151
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 140
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 61
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.027
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Hesse, C.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Heskes, T.M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76140
TI  - Interpreting single trial data using groupwise regularisation
EP  - 676
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 665
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 46
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.041
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Dijk, H.P. van
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81869
AB  - Do certain brain states predispose humans to commit errors in monotonous tasks? We used MEG to investigate how oscillatory brain activity indexes the brain state in subjects performing a Go-noGo task. Elevated occipital alpha and sensorimotor mu activity just prior to the presentation of the stimuli predicted an upcoming error. An error resulted in increased frontal theta activity and decreased posterior alpha activity. This theta increase and alpha decrease correlated on a trial-by-trial basis reflecting post-error functional connectivity between the frontal and occipital regions. By examining the state of the brain before a stimulus, we were able to show that it is possible to predict lapses of attention before they actually occur. This supports the case that the state of the brain is important for how incoming stimuli are processed and for how subjects respond.
TI  - Prestimulus alpha and mu activity predicts failure to inhibit motor responses.
EP  - 1800
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1791
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20763
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werf, J. van der
AU  - Buchholz, V.N.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81110
TI  - Neuronal synchronization in human parietal cortex during saccade planning
EP  - 335
SN  - 0166-4328
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 329
JF  - Behavioural Brain Research
VL  - vol. 205
PS  - 7 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.06.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Talamini, L.M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81533
AB  - The standard model of system-level consolidation posits that the hippocampus is part of a retrieval network for recent memories. According to this theory, the memories are gradually transferred to neocortical circuits with consolidation, where the connections within this circuit grow stronger and reorganized so that redundant and/or contextual details may be lost. Thus, remote memories are based on neocortical networks and can be retrieved independently of the hippocampus. To test this model, we measured regional brain activity and connectivity during retrieval with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were trained on two sets of face-location association and were tested with two different delays, 15 min and 24 h including a whole night of sleep. We hypothesized that memory traces of the locations associated with specific faces will be linked through the hippocampus for the retrieval of recently learned association, but with consolidation, the activity and the functional connectivity between the neocortical areas will increase. We show that posterior hippocampal activity related to high-confidence retrieval decreased and neocortical activity increased with consolidation. Moreover, the connectivity between the hippocampus and the neocortical regions decreased and in turn, cortico-cortical connectivity between the representational areas increased. The results provide mechanistic support for a two-level process of the declarative memory system, involving initial representation of new associations in a network including the hippocampus and subsequent consolidation into a predominantly neocortical network.
TI  - Shift from hippocampal to neocortical centered retrieval network with consolidation.
EP  - 10093
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 32
SP  - 10087
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0799-09.2009
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/81533/81533.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, A.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Dijk, H.P. van
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76832
TI  - Prestimulus alpha and mu activity predicts failure to inhibit motor responses
EP  - 1800
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 1791
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 30
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20763
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Hesse, C.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Heskes, T.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/101002
TI  - Interpreting single trial data using groupwise regularisation
EP  - 676
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 665
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 46
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.041
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Bahramisharif, A.
AU  - Heskes, T.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/101013
TI  - Selecting features for BCI control based on a covert spatial attention paradigm
EP  - 1277
SN  - 0893-6080
SP  - 1271
JF  - Neural Networks
VL  - vol. 22
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Oijen, K. van
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Goraj, B.M.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Oude Voshaar, R.C.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77468
AB  - BACKGROUND: The amygdala and hippocampus play a key role in the neural circuitry mediating depression. It remains unclear how much structural and functional changes of amygdala and hippocampus reflect the acute state of depression or an underlying neurobiological trait marker of depression. METHODS: High-resolution anatomical images were acquired in 20 medication-naive major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with a current first episode, 20 medication-free patients recovered from a first episode of MDD, and 20 healthy control subjects that were matched for age, gender, and level of education. Manual volumetry of amygdala and hippocampus was performed on coronal images. Volumetric measurements of brain volume and intracranial volume were acquired with automatic segmentation procedures. RESULTS: Both amygdalae were significantly enlarged in currently depressed patients, whereas there was no significant difference between recovered patients and control subjects. The amygdala enlargement correlated positively with the severity of depressive state but with no other clinical or neuropsychological variable. The hippocampal volume did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A state related increase of amygdala volume can be detected early in the course of MDD. Neurotoxic effects might account for the fact that state-related amygdala enlargement has not been found in recurrent depression with relative long illness duration.
TI  - Amygdala volume marks the acute state in the early course of depression.
EP  - 818
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 812
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 65
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.027
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Piekema, C.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Binder, M.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80702
AB  - A fundamental and intensively discussed question is whether medial temporal lobe (MTL) processes that lead to non-associative item memories differ in their anatomical substrate from processes underlying associative memory formation. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we implemented a novel design to dissociate brain activity related to item and associative memory formation not only by subsequent memory performance and anatomy but also in time, because the two constituents of each pair to be memorized were presented sequentially with an intra-pair delay of several seconds. Furthermore, the design enabled us to reduce potential differences in memory strength between item and associative memory by increasing task difficulty in the item recognition memory test. Confidence ratings for correct item recognition for both constituents did not differ between trials in which only item memory was correct and trials in which item and associative memory were correct. Specific subsequent memory analyses for item and associative memory formation revealed brain activity that appears selectively related to item memory formation in the posterior inferior temporal, posterior parahippocampal, and perirhinal cortices. In contrast, hippocampal and inferior prefrontal activity predicted successful retrieval of newly formed inter-item associations. Our findings therefore suggest that different MTL subregions indeed play distinct roles in the formation of item memory and inter-item associative memory as expected by several dual process models of the MTL memory system.
TI  - Dissecting medial temporal lobe contributions to item and associative memory formation.
EP  - 881
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 874
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 46
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.039
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Orsouw, L. van
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Swinkels, S.H.N.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80152
AB  - The perceptual pattern in autism has been related to either a specific localized processing deficit or a pathway-independent, complexity-specific anomaly. We examined auditory perception in autism using an auditory disembedding task that required spectral and temporal integration. 23 children with high-functioning-autism and 23 matched controls participated. Participants were presented with two-syllable words embedded in various auditory backgrounds (pink noise, moving ripple, amplitude-modulated pink noise, amplitude-modulated moving ripple) to assess speech-in-noise-reception thresholds. The gain in signal perception of pink noise with temporal dips relative to pink noise without temporal dips was smaller in children with autism (p = 0.008). Thus, the autism group was less able to integrate auditory information present in temporal dips in background sound, supporting the complexity-specific perceptual account.
TI  - Intact spectral but abnormal temporal processing of auditory stimuli in autism.
EP  - 750
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 742
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 39
PS  - 9 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0682-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81059
AB  - Difficulties with pragmatic aspects of communication are universal across individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we focused on an aspect of pragmatic language comprehension that is relevant to social interaction in daily life: the integration of speaker characteristics inferred from the voice with the content of a message. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neural correlates of the integration of voice-based inferences about the speaker's age, gender or social background, and sentence content in adults with ASD and matched control participants. Relative to the control group, the ASD group showed increased activation in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG; Brodmann area 47) for speaker-incongruent sentences compared to speaker-congruent sentences. Given that both groups performed behaviourally at a similar level on a debriefing interview outside the scanner, the increased activation in RIFG for the ASD group was interpreted as being compensatory in nature. It presumably reflects spill-over processing from the language dominant left hemisphere due to higher task demands faced by the participants with ASD when integrating speaker characteristics and the content of a spoken sentence. Furthermore, only the control group showed decreased activation for speaker-incongruent relative to speaker-congruent sentences in right ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC; Brodmann area 10), including right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Brodmann area 24/32). Since vMPFC is involved in self-referential processing related to judgments and inferences about self and others, the absence of such a modulation in vMPFC activation in the ASD group possibly points to atypical default self-referential mental activity in ASD. Our results show that in ASD compensatory mechanisms are necessary in implicit, low-level inferential processes in spoken language understanding. This indicates that pragmatic language problems in ASD are not restricted to high-level inferential processes, but encompass the most basic aspects of pragmatic language processing.
TI  - Neural correlates of pragmatic language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders.
EP  - 1952
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. Pt 7
SP  - 1941
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 132
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp103
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Golding-Meadow, S.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76735
PB  - New York : Psychology Press
TI  - Making language around the globe: A cross-linguistic study of homesign in the United States, China, and Turkey
EP  - 39
SN  - 9780805859980
SP  - 27
CT  - Guo, J.; Lieven, E.; Budwig, N. (ed.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77210
AB  - When interpreting a message, a listener takes into account several sources of linguistic and extralinguistic information. Here we focused on one particular form of extralinguistic information, certain speaker characteristics as conveyed by the voice. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural structures involved in the unification of sentence meaning and voice-based inferences about the speaker's age, sex, or social background. We found enhanced activation in the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 45/47) during listening to sentences whose meaning was incongruent with inferred speaker characteristics. Furthermore, our results showed an overlap in brain regions involved in unification of speaker-related information and those used for the unification of semantic and world knowledge information [inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 45/47) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21)]. These findings provide evidence for a shared neural unification system for linguistic and extralinguistic sources of information and extend the existing knowledge about the role of inferior frontal cortex as a crucial component for unification during language comprehension.
TI  - Unification of speaker and meaning in language comprehension: an FMRI study.
EP  - 2099
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 2085
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 21
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21161
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/77210/77210.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/170169
PB  - Kerala, India : Research Signpost Press
TI  - Cortical motor contributions to language understanding
EP  - 72
SP  - 51
CT  - Hermer, L. (ed.), Reciprocal interactions among early sensory and motor areas and higher cognitive networks
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/170169/170169.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pijnacker, J.
AU  - Geurts, B.
AU  - Lambalgen, M. van
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80036
AB  - While autism is one of the most intensively researched psychiatric disorders, little is known about reasoning skills of people with autism. The focus of this study was on defeasible inferences, that is inferences that can be revised in the light of new information. We used a behavioral task to investigate (a) conditional reasoning and (b) the suppression of conditional inferences in high-functioning adults with autism. In the suppression task a possible exception was made salient which could prevent a conclusion from being drawn. We predicted that the autism group would have difficulties dealing with such exceptions because they require mental flexibility to adjust to the context, which is often impaired in autism. The findings confirm our hypothesis that high-functioning adults with autism have a specific difficulty with exception-handling during reasoning. It is suggested that defeasible reasoning is also involved in other cognitive domains. Implications for neural underpinnings of reasoning and autism are discussed.
TI  - Defeasible reasoning in high-functioning adults with autism: evidence for impaired exception-handling.
EP  - 651
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 644
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 47
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vingerhoets, R.A.A.
AU  - Vrijer, M. de
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77157
AB  - We investigated the effect of visual and vestibular body-tilt cues on the subjective-visual vertical (SVV) in six human observers at roll tilts of 0, 60 and 120°. Subjects adjusted a small luminous-test line parallel to the perceived direction of gravity, in the presence of a large peripheral visual-frame line. These settings, referred to as the frame SVV, were compared to the SVV in complete darkness (dark SVV). The frame SVV was virtually identical to the dark SVV for frame lines parallel or orthogonal to the dark SVV. Away from these neutral positions, the frame induced a periodic SVV-modulation, which was small in upright observers, but became quite pronounced when subjects were tilted. For upright, where the dark SVV was very accurate, the frame SVV showed errors in both directions, following a roughly symmetrical pattern. At 120° tilt, where the dark SVV invariably showed tilt under-compensation (A-effect), the frame effect became asymmetrical, with a stronger tendency to improve than to worsen accuracy. We tested whether our findings could be explained by two spatial orientation models: Mittelstaedt's idiotropic model and a Bayesian scheme with a stage for the processing of visual cues. Both models show a periodic frame effect that becomes stronger with increasing body tilt and can explain why frame lines parallel or perpendicular to the dark SVV are ineffective. Based on their performance, we conclude that perception of the visual vertical is based on a centrally weighted fusion of visual, vestibular and egocentric references.
TI  - Fusion of visual and vestibular tilt cues in the perception of visual vertical
EP  - 1333
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1321
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 101
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.90725.2008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oosterling, I.J.
AU  - Swinkels, S.H.N.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Visser, J.C.
AU  - Dietz, C.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81679
AB  - Several instruments have been developed to screen for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in high-risk populations. However, few studies compare different instruments in one sample. Data were gathered from the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile, Infant-Toddler Checklist and key items of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in 238 children (mean age = 29.6 months, SD = 6.4) at risk for ASD. Discriminative properties are compared in the whole sample and in two age groups separately (8-24 months and 25-44 months). No instrument or individual item shows satisfying power in discriminating ASD from non-ASD, but pros and cons of instruments and items are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
TI  - Comparative analysis of three screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers at high risk.
EP  - 909
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 897
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 39
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0692-9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vegt, J.P.M. van der
AU  - Weiss, M.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Binkofski, F.
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Siebner, H.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/76744
TI  - Overactivity of the let rostral putamen in asymptomatic carriers of a single mutant parkin allele in the context of a visuospatial response conflict
EP  - s216
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - s216
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sizoo, B.B.
AU  - Brink, W. van den
AU  - Gorissen-van Eenige, M.E.E.
AU  - Koeter, M.W.
AU  - Wijngaarden-Cremers, P.J.M. van
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80989
AB  - It is unknown whether the Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) can discriminate between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with or without comorbid Substance Use Disorder (SUD). ANOVA's were used to analyse the mean AQ (sub)scores of 129 adults with ASD or ADHD. We applied receiver operating characteristic (ROC) computations to assess discriminant power. All but one of the mean AQ (sub)scores were significantly higher for adults with ASD compared to those with ADHD. The SUD status in general was not significantly associated with AQ (sub)scores. On the Social Skills subscale patients with ASD and comorbid SUD showed less impairment than those without SUD. The cut-off score 26 yielded 73% correct classifications. The clinical use of the AQ in differentiating between ASD and ADHD is limited.
TI  - Using the Autism-spectrum quotient to discriminate Autism Spectrum Disorder from ADHD in adult patients with and without comorbid Substance Use Disorder.
EP  - 1297
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1291
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 39
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0743-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Derikx, L.C.E.M.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77373
TI  - Spatial remapping of cortico-striatal connectivity in Parkinson's disease - A resting state fMRI study .
EP  - S293
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - S292
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Kappelle, A.C.
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79684
TI  - Motor dysfunction is more severe in predominantly right- than left-hemispheric Parkinson's disease
EP  - s34
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. suppl. 1
SP  - s34
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henckens, M.J.A.G.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Pu, Z.
AU  - Joëls, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81492
AB  - Stressful, aversive events are extremely well remembered. Such a declarative memory enhancement is evidently beneficial for survival, but the same mechanism may become maladaptive and culminate in mental diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress hormones are known to enhance postlearning consolidation of aversive memories but are also thought to have immediate effects on attentional, sensory, and mnemonic processes at memory formation. Despite their significance for our understanding of the etiology of stress-related mental disorders, effects of acute stress at memory formation, and their brain correlates at the system scale, remain elusive. Using an integrated experimental approach, we probed the neural correlates of memory formation while participants underwent a controlled stress induction procedure in a crossover design. Physiological (cortisol level, heart rate, and pupil dilation) and subjective measures confirmed acute stress. Remarkably, reduced hippocampal activation during encoding predicted stress-enhanced memory performance, both within and between participants. Stress, moreover, amplified early visual and inferior temporal responses, suggesting that hypervigilant processing goes along with enhanced inferior temporal information reduction to relay a higher proportion of task-relevant information to the hippocampus. Thus, acute stress affects neural correlates of memory formation in an unexpected manner, the understanding of which may elucidate mechanisms underlying psychological trauma etiology.
TI  - Stressed memories: how acute stress affects memory formation in humans.
EP  - 10119
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 32
SP  - 10111
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1184-09.2009
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/81492/81492.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vegt, J.P.M. van der
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Siebner, H.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80392
AB  - Although Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been considered to be a non-genetic disorder, recent progress in the neurogenetics of PD provided converging evidence that genetic factors play a relevant role in the etiology of PD. The strongest case for a genetic contribution to PD was made by the discovery of mutations in single genes that can cause autosomal dominant (alpha-synuclein (SNCA)) and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene) or recessive (Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1, and ATP13A2 gene) forms of PD. Here, we review how structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals carrying a mutation in one of the PD genes has offered a unique avenue of research into the pathogenesis of PD. In symptomatic mutation carriers (i.e. those with overt disease), brain mapping can help to link the molecular pathogenesis of PD more directly with functional and structural changes in the intact human brain. In addition, neuroimaging of presymptomatic (i.e. non-manifesting) mutation carriers has emerged as a valuable tool to identify mechanisms of adaptive motor reorganization at the preclinical stage that may prevent or delay clinical manifestation. In addition to mutations causing monogenic forms of PD, common polymorphisms in genes that influence mono-aminergic signaling or synaptic plasticity may have modifying effects on distinct aspects of PD. We also discuss how functional and structural neuroimaging can be used to better characterize these genotype-phenotype correlations.
TI  - Imaging the impact of genes on Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 204
SN  - 0306-4522
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 191
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 164
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.055
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Weiss, M.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Reetz, K.
AU  - Eimeren, T. van
AU  - Lohmann, K.
AU  - Hagenah, J.
AU  - Pramstaller, P.P.
AU  - Binkofski, F.
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Siebner, H.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/80510
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To use a combined neurogenetic-neuroimaging approach to examine the functional consequences of preclinical dopaminergic nigrostriatal dysfunction in the human motor system. Specifically, we examined how a single heterozygous mutation in different genes associated with recessively inherited Parkinson disease alters the cortical control of sequential finger movements. METHODS: Nonmanifesting individuals carrying a single heterozygous Parkin (n = 13) or PINK1 (n = 9) mutation and 23 healthy controls without these mutations were studied with functional MRI (fMRI). During fMRI, participants performed simple sequences of three thumb-to-finger opposition movements with their right dominant hand. Since heterozygous Parkin and PINK1 mutations cause a latent dopaminergic nigrostriatal dysfunction, we predicted a compensatory recruitment of those rostral premotor areas that are normally implicated in the control of complex motor sequences. We expected this overactivity to be independent of the underlying genotype. RESULTS: Task performance was comparable for all groups. The performance of a simple motor sequence task consistently activated the rostral supplementary motor area and right rostral dorsal premotor cortex in mutation carriers but not in controls. Task-related activation of these premotor areas was similar in carriers of a Parkin or PINK1 mutation. CONCLUSION: Mutations in different genes linked to recessively inherited Parkinson disease are associated with an additional recruitment of rostral supplementary motor area and rostral dorsal premotor cortex during a simple motor sequence task. These premotor areas were recruited independently of the underlying genotype. The observed activation most likely reflects a "generic" compensatory mechanism to maintain motor function in the context of a mild dopaminergic deficit.
TI  - Heterozygous carriers of a Parkin or PINK1 mutation share a common functional endophenotype.
EP  - 1047
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1041
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 72
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000338699.56379.11
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/80510/80510.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Vegt, J.P.M. van der
AU  - Weiss, M.M.
AU  - Binkofski, F.
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Siebner, H.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77348
TI  - Genotype-related changes in brain activity are influenced by the speed of task performance in non-manifesting carriers of a single mutant Parkin or PINK1 allele.
EP  - s217
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - s217
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Eimeren, T. van
AU  - Vegt, J.P.M. van der
AU  - Buhmann, C.
AU  - Klein, C.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Siebner, H.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79870
AB  - Mutations in the Parkin (PARK2) and PINK1 gene (PARK 6) can cause recessively inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). The presence of a single Parkin or PINK1 mutation is associated with a dopaminergic nigrostriatal dysfunction and conveys an increased risk to develop PD throughout lifetime. Therefore neuroimaging of non-manifesting individuals with a mutant Parkin or PINK1 allele opens up a window for the investigation of preclinical and very early phases of PD in vivo. Here we review how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to identify compensatory mechanisms that help to prevent development of overt disease. In two separate experiments, Parkin mutation carriers displayed stronger activation of rostral supplementary motor area (SMA) and right dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) during a simple motor sequence task and anterior cingulate motor area and left rostral PMd during internal movement selection as opposed to externally cued movements. The additional recruitment of the rostral SMA and right rostral PMd during the finger sequence task was also observed in a separate group of nonmanifesting mutation carriers with a single heterozygous PINK1 mutation. Because mutation carriers were not impaired at performing the task, the additional recruitment of motor cortical areas indicates a compensatory mechanism that effectively counteracts the nigrostriatal dysfunction. These first results warrant further studies that use these imaging genomics approach to tap into preclinical compensation of PD. Extensions of this line of research involve fMRI paradigms probing nonmotor brain functions. Additionally, the same fMRI paradigms should be applied to nonmanifesting mutation carriers in genes linked to autosomal dominant PD. This will help to determine how "generically" the human brain compensates for a preclinical dopaminergic dysfunction.
TI  - Mapping preclinical compensation in Parkinson's disease: an imaging genomics approach.
EP  - 10
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. suppl. 2
SP  - S703
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 24 Suppl 2
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22635
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marck, M.A. van der
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Sturkenboom, I.H.W.M.
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Munneke, M.A.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79707
TI  - Multidisciplinary care for patients with Parkinson's disease.
EP  - S223
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. s3
SP  - S219
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 15S3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauer, M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/75780
AB  - We investigated how responses of occipital cortex to visual stimuli are modulated by simultaneously presented tactile stimuli. Magnetoencephalography was recorded while subjects performed a simple reaction time task. Presence of a task-irrelevant tactile stimulus leads to faster behavioral responses and earlier and stronger gamma-band synchronization in occipital cortex, irrespective of the relative location of the tactile stimulus. While also other stimulus related responses in occipital cortex were modulated (alpha-band and evoked responses in parieto-occipital region), correlation-analysis revealed induced gamma-band activity to be the best predictor of the faster behavioral response latencies, suggesting a key-role of oscillatory activity for cross-modal integration.
TI  - Tactile stimulation accelerates behavioral responses to visual stimuli through enhancement of occipital gamma-band activity
EP  - 942
SN  - 0042-6989
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 931
JF  - Vision Research
VL  - vol. 49
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.014
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Cseke, B.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Heskes, T.M.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/100991
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Bayesian Source Localization with the Multivariate Laplace Prior
EP  - 1909
SN  - 1049-5258
SP  - 1901
CT  - Bengio, Y.; Schuurmans, D.; Lafferty, J. (ed.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Annual Conference
JF  - Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
N1  - Neural Informations Processing Systems 2009 Vancouver and Whistler, Canada, 7 december 2009
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/100991/100991.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Roelofs, A.P.A.
AU  - Turennout, M.I. van
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/77420
TI  - Attentional control of task and response in lateral and medial frontal cortex: brain activity and reaction time distributions.
EP  - 2099
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2089
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 47
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meulenbroek, O.V.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Rover, M. de
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/79906
TI  - Age-effects on associative object-location memory
EP  - 1514
SN  - 0006-8993
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1503
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 22
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piekema, C.
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/81283
AB  - It has been established that the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, is crucial for associative memory. The aim of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate whether the hippocampus is differentially activated for associations between items processed in the same neocortical region (within-domain) as compared with associations between items processed in different neocortical regions (between-domain). Here, we show that the hippocampus is significantly more active for between-domain associations compared with within-domain associations. Thus, the hippocampus is important for associative encoding, and furthermore, shows greater activation when the stimuli to be associated come from different stimulus categories.
TI  - The hippocampus supports encoding of between-domain associations within working memory
EP  - 234
SN  - 1072-0502
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 231
JF  - Learning & Memory
VL  - vol. 16
PS  - 4 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1283109
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/81283/81283.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Scheeringa, R.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/72849
AB  - We have examined the cerebral structures involved in motor imagery of normal and precision gait (i.e., gait requiring precise foot placement and increased postural control). We recorded cerebral activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined walking along paths of two different widths (broad, narrow) that required either normal gait, or exact foot placement and increased postural control. We used a matched visual imagery (VI) task to assess the motor specificity of the effects, and monitored task performance by recording imagery times, eye movements, and electromyography during scanning. In addition, we assessed the effector specificity of MI of gait by comparing our results with those of a previous study on MI of hand movements. We found that imagery times were longer for the narrow path during MI, but not during VI, suggesting that MI was sensitive to the constraints imposed by a narrow walking path. Moreover, MI of precision gait resulted in increased cerebral activity and effective connectivity within a network involving the superior parietal lobules, the dorsal precentral gyri, and the right middle occipital gyrus. Finally, the cerebral responses to MI of gait were contiguous to but spatially distinct from regions involved in MI of hand movements. These results emphasize the role of cortical structures outside primary motor regions in imagining locomotion movements when accurate foot positioning and increased postural control is required.
TI  - Cerebral correlates of motor imagery of normal and precision gait
EP  - 1010
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 998
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 41
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Koers, A.
AU  - Kalkman, J.S.
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
AU  - Hagoort, Peter
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/73178
AB  - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling disorder, characterized by persistent or relapsing fatigue. Recent studies have detected a decrease in cortical grey matter volume in patients with CFS, but it is unclear whether this cerebral atrophy constitutes a cause or a consequence of the disease. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective behavioural intervention for CFS, which combines a rehabilitative approach of a graded increase in physical activity with a psychological approach that addresses thoughts and beliefs about CFS which may impair recovery. Here, we test the hypothesis that cerebral atrophy may be a reversible state that can ameliorate with successful CBT. We have quantified cerebral structural changes in 22 CFS patients that underwent CBT and 22 healthy control participants. At baseline, CFS patients had significantly lower grey matter volume than healthy control participants. CBT intervention led to a significant improvement in health status, physical activity and cognitive performance. Crucially, CFS patients showed a significant increase in grey matter volume, localized in the lateral prefrontal cortex. This change in cerebral volume was related to improvements in cognitive speed in the CFS patients. Our findings indicate that the cerebral atrophy associated with CFS is partially reversed after effective CBT. This result provides an example of macroscopic cortical plasticity in the adult human brain, demonstrating a surprisingly dynamic relation between behavioural state and cerebral anatomy. Furthermore, our results reveal a possible neurobiological substrate of psychotherapeutic treatment.
TI  - Increase in prefrontal cortical volume following cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
EP  - 2180
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 2172
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 131
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn140
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Knoop, H.
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69512
TI  - The experience of fatigue in the brain
EP  - 2
SN  - 0033-2917
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - Psychological Medicine
VL  - vol. 38
N1  - language intention prediction
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708004844
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldin-Meadow, S.
AU  - So, W.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Mylander, C.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68315
TI  - The natural order of events:How do speakers of different languages represent events nonverbally?
EP  - 9168
SN  - 0027-8424
IS  - iss. 27
SP  - 9163
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
VL  - vol. 105
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710060105
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Zwitserlood, I.E.P.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Perniss, P.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68383
PB  - Paris, France : ELRA
TI  - Annotation of Sign and Gesture Cross-linguistically
EP  - 190
SP  - 185
CT  - Crasborn, O.A.; Efthimiou, E.; Hanke, T. (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/68383/68383.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70815
TI  - The accuracy of the arginine growth hormone test in Parkinsonism.
EP  - 1330; author reply 1331
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1330
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22153
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70909
TI  - NVLF-richtlijn Logopedie bij de ziekte van Parkinson.
EP  - 107
SN  - 0166-252X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 101
JF  - Logopaedie en Phoniatrie
VL  - vol. 81
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70909/70909.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vrijer, M. de
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71016
AB  - To determine the direction of object motion in external space, the brain must combine retinal motion signals and information about the orientation of the eyes in space. We assessed the accuracy of this process in eight laterally tilted subjects who aligned the motion direction of a random-dot pattern (30% coherence, moving at 6 degrees /s) with their perceived direction of gravity (motion vertical) in otherwise complete darkness. For comparison, we also tested the ability to align an adjustable visual line (12 degrees diameter) to the direction of gravity (line vertical). For small head tilts (<40 degrees ), systematic errors in either task were almost negligible. In contrast, tilts >60 degrees revealed a pattern of large systematic errors (often >30 degrees ) that was virtually identical in both tasks. Regression analysis confirmed that mean errors in the two tasks were closely related, with slopes close to 1.0 and correlations >0.89. Control experiments ruled out that motion settings were based on processing of individual single-dot paths. We conclude that the conversion of both motion direction and line orientation on the retina into a spatial frame of reference involves a shared computational strategy. Simulations with two spatial-orientation models suggest that the pattern of systematic errors may be the downside of an optimal strategy for dealing with imperfections in the tilt signal that is implemented before the reference-frame transformation.
TI  - Shared computational mechanism for tilt compensation accounts for biased verticality percepts in motion and pattern vision.
EP  - 930
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 915
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 99
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00921.2007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71035
AB  - The most widely used scale currently available for the clinical evaluation of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD)-the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) -is time-consuming, subjective, and has suboptimal sensitivity. A brief timed motor test (TMT) battery could possibly overcome these drawbacks. Two hundred eighty-eight PD patients (disease duration 3.1 years; preceding dopaminergic treatment initiation) were assessed with the UPDRS-III and nine TMTs based on aspects of (a) walking, (b) writing, (c) single and double-handed pegboard performance, (d) finger tapping, and (e) rapid alternating forearm movements. We investigated validity, reliability, responsiveness, and feasibility. Completing the TMT battery took less than 5 minutes. The TMT correlated well with UPDRS-III and disease duration. Two factors explained 61% of the TMT variance, the first represented mainly upper extremity function, the second mainly axial/lower extremity function. Cronbach's alpha was equal for the TMT and the UPDRS-III (0.8). Test-retest reliability of the TMT sumscore was 0.93 to 0.89 for measurements separated by 3 up to 24 months, whereas UPDRS-III correlations were 0.88 to 0.84. At group level, a trial using "change from baseline" as endpoint requires only 75% of the patients needed with the UPDRS-III when applying the TMT battery, and 57% using the pegboard dexterity test. At patient level, TMT and UPDRS-III were equally responsive. The TMT battery described here is valid, reliable, and feasible. Compared to the UPDRS-III, it is more objective and more sensitive to change. Therefore, it could be a useful tool for both practical and scientific purposes. (c) 2008 Movement Disorder Society.
TI  - Comparison of a timed motor test battery to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1717
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1707
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22197
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71119
TI  - Richtlijn Logopedie bij de ziekte van Parkinson.
EP  - 363
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 358
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71544
TI  - ParkinsonNet, verbeteren van regionale zorg voor patiënten met de ziekte van Parkinson.
EP  - 6
SN  - 0166-252X
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 4
JF  - Logopaedie en Phoniatrie
VL  - vol. 80
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Beurze, S.M.
AU  - Pelt, S. van
AU  - Werf, J. van der
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/72889
AB  - There is considerable evidence that the encoding of intended actions in visual space is represented in dynamic, gaze-centered maps, such that each eye movement requires an internal updating of these representations. Here, we review results from our own experiments on human subjects that test the additional geometric constraints to the dynamic updating of these spatial maps during whole-body motion. Subsequently, we summarize evidence and present new analyses of how these spatial signals may be integrated with motor effector signals in order to generate the appropriate commands for action. Finally, we discuss neuroimaging experiments suggesting that the posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal premotor cortex play selective roles in this process.
TI  - Behavioral and cortical mechanisms for spatial coding and action planning
EP  - 597
SN  - 0010-9452
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 587
JF  - Cortex
VL  - vol. 44
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.06.001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eijkeren, F.J. van
AU  - Reijmers, R.S.
AU  - Kleinveld, M.J.
AU  - Minten, A.
AU  - Bruggen, J.P.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71219
AB  - Nordic walking may improve mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects persist after the training period. We included 19 PD patients [14 men; mean age 67.0 years (range 58-76); Hoehn and Yahr stage range 1-3] who received a 6-week Nordic walking exercise program. Outcome was assessed prior to training (T1), immediately after the training period (T2) and-in a subgroup of 9 patients--5 months after training (T3). At T2, we observed a significant improvement in timed 10-m walking, the timed get-up-and-go-test (TUG), the 6-min walking test and quality of life (PDQ-39). All treatment effects persisted at T3. Compliance was excellent, and there were no adverse effects. These preliminary findings suggest that Nordic walking could provide a safe, effective, and enjoyable way to reduce physical inactivity in PD and to improve the quality of life. A large randomized clinical trial now appears justified.
TI  - Nordic walking improves mobility in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 2243
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 15
SP  - 2239
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22293
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hass, C.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Okun, M.S.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71318
TI  - Pushing or pulling to predict falls in Parkinson disease?
EP  - 531
SN  - 1745-834X
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 530
JF  - Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0912
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grimbergen, Y.A.M.
AU  - Knol, M.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
AU  - Roos, R.A.C.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70269
AB  - Falls are common in patients with Huntington's disease, but the incidence, falling circumstances and contributing factors have never been examined. We recorded falls in 45 early to midstage Huntington's disease patients, both retrospectively (12 months) and prospectively (3 months). Fall rates were related to relevant baseline measures, including the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) and quantitative measures of balance (using angular velocity sensors) and gait (using a pressure-sensitive walkway). Balance and gait measures were compared between patients and 27 healthy age-matched controls. Twenty-seven patients (60%) reported two or more falls in the previous year and were classified as fallers. During prospective follow-up 40% reported at least one fall. A high proportion of falls (72.5%) caused minor injuries. Compared to nonfallers, fallers showed significantly higher scores for chorea, bradykinesia and aggression, as well as lower cognitive scores. Compared to controls, Huntington patients had a decreased gait velocity (1.15 m/s versus 1.45 m/s, P < 0.001) and a decreased stride length (1.29 m versus 1.52 m, P < 0.001). These abnormalities were all significantly greater in fallers compared to nonfallers. In addition, fallers had an increased stride length variability and a significantly greater trunk sway in medio-lateral direction compared to nonfallers. We conclude that falls are common in Huntington's disease. Contributing factors include a combination of "motor" deficits (mainly gait bradykinesia, stride variability and chorea, leading to excessive trunk sway), as well as cognitive decline and perhaps behavioral changes. These factors should be considered as future targets for therapies that aim to reduce falls in Huntington's disease.
TI  - Falls and gait disturbances in Huntington's disease.
EP  - 976
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 970
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moreau, C.
AU  - Defebvre, L.
AU  - Bleuse, S.
AU  - Blatt, J.L.
AU  - Duhamel, A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Destee, A.
AU  - Krystkowiak, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70316
AB  - Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a sudden inability to maintain effective stepping movements. However, its pathophysiology remains unclear. The objectives are: (1) To assess the contribution of both spatial (walking speed, stride length) and temporal parameters (cadence, stride time) and their coefficients of variation to the genesis of FOG in PD. (2) To evaluate whether and how externally imposed modifications of self-determined gait would elicit FOG. We included ten patients with advanced PD, and with daily off drug FOG episodes. We focused on walking in an open runway. For each subject, we manipulated gait by externally imposing four changes in walking speed and four changes in cadence. FOG episodes, often with a long duration of more than 5-s, were observed mostly under conditions with a high imposed cadence. The steps that immediately preceded these episodes were mainly characterized by an increase in cadence and an increase in stride length variability. The results also underscore that FOG can be elicited in a laboratory setting when patients are placed under considerable strain, at least in advanced stages of PD. Patients were unable to adequately negotiate the extreme imposed cadence condition, and this resulted in frequent FOG episodes, even while walking in an open runway. Placing advanced PD patients into extreme imposed conditions leads to a motor wise and mental collapse response, culminating in FOG. Future work should establish the relevance of these findings for the more common forms of FOG, including brief episodes during turning or gait initiation.
TI  - Externally provoked freezing of gait in open runways in advanced Parkinson's disease results from motor and mental collapse.
EP  - 1436
SN  - 0300-9564
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1431
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
VL  - vol. 115
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-008-0099-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Kung, U.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Honegger, F.
AU  - Alfen, N. van
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69888
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To distinguish between normal and deficient balance control due to vestibular loss (VL) or proprioceptive loss (PL) using pelvis and shoulder sway measures. METHODS: Body-worn gyroscopes measured pelvis and shoulder sway in pitch (anterior-posterior) and roll (side-to-side) directions in 6 VL, 6 PL and 26 control subjects during 4 stance tasks. Sway amplitudes were compared between groups, and were used to select optimal measures that could distinguish between these groups. RESULTS: VL and PL patients had greater sway amplitudes than controls when standing on foam with eyes closed. PL patients also swayed more when standing with eyes closed on firm support and eyes open on foam. Standard sensory analysis techniques only differentiated VL patients from controls. Stepwise discriminate analysis showed that differentiation required pitch measures for VL patients, roll measures for PL patients, and both measures for all three groups. Pelvis measures yielded better discrimination than shoulder measures. CONCLUSIONS: Distinguishing between normal and deficient balance control due to VL or PL required pitch and roll pelvis sway measures. SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate identification of balance deficits due to VL or PL may be useful in clinical practice as a functional diagnostic tool or to monitor balance improvements in VL or PL patients.
TI  - Identifying deficits in balance control following vestibular or proprioceptive loss using posturographic analysis of stance tasks.
EP  - 2346
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2338
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 119
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.221
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
AU  - Lammers, G.J.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
AU  - Overeem, S.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70147
AB  - Sleep disturbances occur in 70% of the patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Disturbances of the hypothalamic hypocretin neurotransmission have been suggested as a possible cause. Since a systematic study of CSF hypocretin-1 levels in MSA has not yet been performed, we analysed CSF hypocretin-1 concentrations in 6 MSA-P and 6 MSA-C patients and 11 age-matched controls. We did not observe any differences from control values.
TI  - CSF hypocretin-1 levels are normal in multiple-system atrophy.
EP  - 344
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 342
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 14
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.08.012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
AU  - Carpenter, M.G.
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Limousin-Dowsey, P.
AU  - Honegger, F.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70439
AB  - Stereotactic surgical interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD) can considerably improve appendicular motor signs, but their effect on axial motor signs--especially balance control under optimal drug therapy--remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on levodopa-resistant axial and appendicular postural impairment in PD. Fourteen patients (11 with young-onset PD) and 18 age-matched controls were included. Patients were tested after intake of a suprathreshold levodopa dose, ensuring optimal response to drug therapy, and with stimulators both turned on and off. Balance control was assessed using multidirectional dynamic posturography. Outcome measures included full body kinematics and surface electromyography of paraspinal and deltoid muscles. Patients with stimulators turned off showed early decreased trunk roll with a loss of directional dependency, followed by increased and abnormally directed--i.e. destabilizing--trunk roll. Pelvis pitch motion showed decreased directional dependency in these patients. The abnormal trunk motion was not corrected by STN stimulation, but directional dependency of both trunk and pelvis motion partially improved, along with a general decrease in muscle activity. Even with stimulators off, protective arm movements were similar in the optimally treated patients and controls, indicating that these appendicular signs respond better to dopaminergic treatment than axial motor control. Our findings indicate that instability in PD results from a reduced flexibility of the trunk and pelvis that is largely resistant to STN stimulation combined with optimal drug treatment. These postural abnormalities are therefore likely associated with non-dopaminergic pathology. In contrast, protective arm movements did appear to be levodopa-responsive. Future studies should focus on identifying subgroups of optimal responders, particularly patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
TI  - Effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on axial motor control and protective arm responses in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 812
SN  - 0306-4522
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 798
JF  - Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 157
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.051
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Carpenter, M.G.
AU  - Kooij, H. van der
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70785
AB  - Postural instability and falls are common and devastating features of ageing and many neurological, visual, vestibular or orthopedic disorders. Current management of these problems is hampered by the subjective and variable nature of the available clinical balance measures. In this narrative review, we discuss the clinical utility of posturography as a more objective and quantitative measure of balance and postural instability, focusing on several areas where clinicians presently experience the greatest difficulties in managing their patients: (a) to make an appropriate differential diagnosis in patients presenting with falls or balance impairment; (b) to reliably identify those subjects who are at risk of falling; (c) to objectively and quantitatively document the outcome of therapeutic interventions; and (d) to gain a better pathophysiological understanding of postural instability and falls, as a basis for the development of improved treatment strategies to prevent falling. In each of these fields, posturography offers several theoretical advantages and, when applied correctly, provides a useful tool to gain a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with balance disorders, at the group level. However, based on the available evidence, none of the existing techniques is currently able to significantly influence the clinical decision making in individual patients. We critically review the shortcomings of posturography as it is presently used, and conclude with several recommendations for future research.
TI  - The clinical utility of posturography.
EP  - 2436
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 2424
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 119
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.220
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boonstra, T.A.
AU  - Kooij, H. van der
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70210
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gait disorders and balance impairments are one of the most incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we discuss the latest findings regarding epidemiology, assessment, pathophysiology and treatment of gait and balance impairments in Parkinson's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have confirmed the high rate and high risk of falls of patients with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, it is crucial to detect patients who are at risk of falling and how to prevent falls. Several studies have shown that multiple balance tests improve the prediction of falls in Parkinson's disease. Difficulty turning may be caused by axial rigidity, affected interlimb coordination and asymmetries. Turning difficulties are easily assessed by timed performance and the number of steps during a turn. Impaired sensorimotor integration, inability of switching between sensory modalities and lack of compensatory stepping may all contribute to the high incidence of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease. Similarly, various studies highlighted that pharmacotherapy, neurosurgery and physiotherapy may adversely affect balance and gait in Parkinson's disease. SUMMARY: Insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease continue to grow.At the same time, it is becoming clear that some patients may in fact deteriorate with treatment. Future research should focus on the development and evaluation of multifactorial fall prevention strategies.
TI  - Gait disorders and balance disturbances in Parkinson's disease: clinical update and pathophysiology.
EP  - 471
SN  - 1350-7540
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 461
JF  - Current Opinion in Neurology
VL  - vol. 21
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geel, W.J.A. van
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Melis, R.J.F.
AU  - Williams, S.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69291
AB  - We describe a modification of a previously described assay for the quantification of alpha-synuclein in naive cerebrospinal fluid, which allows for a more efficient quantification of alpha-synuclein. Detection limit of the assay is 3.8 ng/ml and the assay is linear until 300 ng/ml. Inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation are below 15% in a wide range of concentrations. Mean recovery of the assay is 94%. The 95% upper limit of the reference range (p95) in a group of neurological controls above the age of 45 years is 62 ng/ml. This assay can be routinely applied for quantification of alpha-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in serum, and this may serve as a possible biomarker for alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
TI  - A more efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of alpha-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid.
EP  - 185
SN  - 0165-0270
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 182
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
VL  - vol. 168
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.09.021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Wenning, G.K.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70480
TI  - Een diagnose in het achterhoofd.
EP  - 344
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 343
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Wind, C.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69139
AB  - The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of "being glued to the floor." Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated "gait trajectory" that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360 degrees axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice.
TI  - Clinimetrics of freezing of gait.
EP  - 74
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. suppl. 2
SP  - S468
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23 Suppl 2
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22144
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
AU  - Carpenter, M.G.
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Speelman, J.D.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70918
AB  - We examined the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on levodopa-resistant balance impairment in 14 patients with Parkinson's disease and 18 matched controls. Instability was quantitatively assessed using standardized multidirectional dynamic posturography. Patients were tested after taking a suprathreshold dose of levodopa, both with stimulators turned on and off. Patients with stimulators turned off were more unstable than controls following backward directed perturbations. Overall, patients' instability did not improve with STN stimulation, and considerable inter-individual variability was noted. Of note, marked levodopa- resistant axial motor symptoms before surgery correlated with an adverse treatment effect. We conclude that STN stimulation does not alleviate levodopa-resistant postural instability in Parkinson's disease.
TI  - Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and levodopa-resistant postural instability in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 210
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 205
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 255
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horlings, G.C.
AU  - Engelen, B.G.M. van
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69058
AB  - Muscle strength is a potentially important factor contributing to postural control. In this article, we consider the influence of muscle weakness on postural instability and falling. We searched the literature for research evaluating muscle weakness as a risk factor for falls in community-dwelling elderly individuals, for evidence that strength training reduces falls, and for pathophysiological evidence from patients with neuromuscular disease that supports the link between muscle weakness and falls. In virtually all studies that included strength testing, muscle weakness was a consistent risk factor for falls in the elderly. Studies that evaluated the merits of muscle strength training often showed a reduction in fall rates, particularly when strength training was a component of a multifactorial intervention, although it was unclear whether strength training alone led to a fall reduction. Surprisingly few studies addressed the pathophysiological relationship between muscle strength and balance control. We conclude that muscle weakness is an important risk factor for falls that is potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention, and that future studies should further clarify the role of muscle weakness in balance control and the pathophysiology of falls.
TI  - A weak balance: the contribution of muscle weakness to postural instability and falls.
EP  - 515
SN  - 1745-834X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 504
JF  - Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
VL  - vol. 4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0886
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Ensink, R.J.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70461
TI  - Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 59
SN  - 0001-6497
IS  - iss. suppl 10
SP  - 57
JF  - Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica
VL  - vol. 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Werf, S.P. van der
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Vos, P.E.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70471
AB  - BACKGROUND: Predicting outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is notoriously difficult. Although it is recognised that milder head injuries do not necessarily mean better outcomes, less is known about the factors that do enable early identification of patients who are likely to recover well. OBJECTIVE: To develop and internally validate two prediction rules for identifying patients who have the highest chance for good 6 month recovery. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients with MTBI admitted to the emergency department. Apart from MTBI severity indices, a range of pre-, peri- and early post-injury variables were considered as potential predictors, including emotional and physical functioning. Logistic regression modelling was used to predict the absence of postconcussional symptoms (PCS) and full return to work (RTW). RESULTS: At follow-up, 64% of the 201 participating patients reported full recovery. Based on our prediction rules, patients without premorbid physical problems, low levels of PCS and post-traumatic stress early after injury had a 90% chance of remaining free of PCS. Patients with over 11 years of education, without nausea or vomiting on admission, with no additional extracranial injuries and only low levels of pain early after injury had a 90% chance of full RTW. The discriminative ability of the prediction models was satisfactory, with an area under the curve >0.70 after correction for optimism. CONCLUSIONS: Early identification of patients with MTBI who are likely to have good 6 month recovery was feasible on the basis of relatively simple prognostic models. A score chart was derived from the models to facilitate clinical application.
TI  - Early prediction of favourable recovery 6 months after mild traumatic brain injury.
EP  - 942
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 936
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 79
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.131250
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70621
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We examined how corticospinal excitability was affected by motor imagery of foot dorsiflexion and motor imagery of gait. METHODS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex of 16 young healthy subjects while they performed imaginary foot dorsiflexions (Experiment I) and imaginary walking (Experiment II). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA) and first dorsal interosseus (FDI). MEPs recorded during motor imagery were compared to those recorded during a matched visual imagery task. RESULTS: Imagined foot dorsiflexions increased MEP areas in both TA and FDI. The increase in TA was stronger than in FDI. Overall, imagined walking did not change MEP areas. However, subjects with larger increases in TA during imagined foot dorsiflexion also showed larger increases in TA during imagined walking. CONCLUSIONS: Imagined foot dorsiflexions increase corticospinal excitability in both a task-related muscle (TA) and a task-unrelated muscle (FDI), with larger increases in the task-related muscle. Imagined gait only increases corticospinal excitability in those subjects with the largest increments during imagined foot dorsiflexion. SIGNIFICANCE: Imagery of a simple lower extremity movement evokes increases in corticospinal excitability. Furthermore, corticospinal effects of a simple motor imagery task can predict corticospinal effects of a more complex motor imagery task involving the same muscle.
TI  - Motor imagery of foot dorsiflexion and gait: effects on corticospinal excitability.
EP  - 2527
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 2519
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 119
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.282
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vingerhoets, R.A.A.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70322
AB  - To assess the effects of degrading canal cues for dynamic spatial orientation in human observers, we tested how judgments about visual-line orientation in space (subjective visual vertical task, SVV) and estimates of instantaneous body tilt (subjective body-tilt task, SBT) develop in the course of three cycles of constant-velocity roll rotation. These abilities were tested across the entire tilt range in separate experiments. For comparison, we also obtained SVV data during static roll tilt. We found that as tilt increased, dynamic SVV responses became strongly biased toward the head pole of the body axis (A-effect), as if body tilt was underestimated. However, on entering the range of near-inverse tilts, SVV responses adopted a bimodal pattern, alternating between A-effects (biased toward head-pole) and E-effects (biased toward feet-pole). Apart from an onset effect, this tilt-dependent pattern of systematic SVV errors repeated itself in subsequent rotation cycles with little sign of worsening performance. Static SVV responses were qualitatively similar and consistent with previous reports but showed smaller A-effects. By contrast, dynamic SBT errors were small and unimodal, indicating that errors in visual-verticality estimates were not caused by errors in body-tilt estimation. We discuss these results in terms of predictions from a canal-otolith interaction model extended with a leaky integrator and an egocentric bias mechanism. We conclude that the egocentric-bias mechanism becomes more manifest during constant velocity roll-rotation and that perceptual errors due to incorrect disambiguation of the otolith signal are small despite the decay of canal signals.
TI  - Body-tilt and visual verticality perception during multiple cycles of roll rotation.
EP  - 2280
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 2264
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 99
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00704.2007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knoop, H.
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Jong, L.W.A.M. de
AU  - Fiselier, T.J.W.
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70395
TI  - Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: long-term follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial.
EP  - 25
SN  - 0031-4005
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - e619
JF  - Pediatrics (Evanston)
VL  - vol. 121
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1488
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baayen, R.H.
AU  - Davidson, D.
AU  - Bates, D.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68376
TI  - Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items
EP  - 412
SN  - 0749-596X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 390
JF  - Journal of Memory and Language
VL  - vol. 59
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Perniss, P.M.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68425
PB  - Hamburg : Signum Press
TI  - Representations of action, motion and location in sign space: A comparison of German (DGS) and Turkish (TID) Sign Language narratives
EP  - 379
SN  - 9783936675221
SP  - 353
CT  - Quer, J. (ed.), Signs of the time: Selected papers from TISLR 8 (2004)
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/68425/288335.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69480
TI  - Logopedie bij de ziekte van Parkinson; introductie en samenvatting van de NVLF-richtlijn.
EP  - 280
SN  - 0166-252X
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 269
JF  - Logopaedie en Phoniatrie
VL  - vol. 81
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeitler, M.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Gielen, C.C.A.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70121
AB  - Experiments in visual cortex have shown that the firing rate of a neuron in response to the simultaneous presentation of a preferred and non-preferred stimulus within the receptive field is intermediate between that for the two stimuli alone (stimulus competition). Attention directed to one of the stimuli drives the response towards the response induced by the attended stimulus alone (selective attention). This study shows that a simple feedforward model with fixed synaptic conductance values can reproduce these two phenomena using synchronization in the gamma-frequency range to increase the effective synaptic gain for the responses to the attended stimulus. The performance of the model is robust to changes in the parameter values. The model predicts that the phase locking between presynaptic input and output spikes increases with attention.
TI  - Biased competition through variations in amplitude of gamma-oscillations.
EP  - 107
SN  - 0929-5313
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 89
JF  - Journal of Computational Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 25
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10827-007-0066-2
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70121/70121.pdf?sequence=2
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Baayen, R.H.
AU  - Levelt, W.J.M.
AU  - Schreuder, R.
AU  - Ernestus, M.T.C.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/67603
PB  - Chicago : Chicago Linguistic Society
TI  - Paradigmatic structure in speech recognition
EP  - 29
SP  - 1
CT  - Elliott, M.; Kirby, J.; Sawada, O. (ed.), Proceedings Chicago Linguistics Society (43,  vol. 1)
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/67603/67603.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
PY  - 2008
SN  - 9789090233741
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70620
AB  - The research described in this thesis addressed the neurophysiologic changes in the human corticospinal system during preparation and execution of voluntary hand movements. The experiments involved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex combined with electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG). The thesis provides several new insights into the neurophysiology of the healthy human motor system: Excitability in human motor cortex and spinal cord is state dependent, and is adjusted to behavioural demands on a millisecond time scale. Excitability of movement agonists is facilitated during actual execution, but also in advance of a movement, when a movement is expected. Suppression of excitability is not only important to inhibit movement antagonists; it also prevents agonists to move prematurely, which is a critical in many motor preparation tasks. Finally, this thesis puts forward a fundamental mechanism through which neuronal excitability can be dynamically modulated, namely rhythmic neuronal synchronization
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Corticospinal excitability in human voluntary movement.
N1  - 24 september 2008
N1  - Promotores : Stegeman, D.F., Fries, P. 
Co-promotor : Overeem, S.
PS  - 103 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70620/70620.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, M.J.
AU  - Thiele, A.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/149984
TI  - Attention and contrast differently affect contextual integration in an orientation discrimination task
EP  - 549
SN  - 0014-4819
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 535
JF  - Experimental Brain Research
VL  - vol. 187
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1322-z
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aziz, N.A.
AU  - Marck, M.A. van der
AU  - Pijl, H.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Roos, R.A.C.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69418
TI  - Weight loss in neurodegenerative disorders.
EP  - 1880
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1872
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 255
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-0062-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aziz, N.A.
AU  - Marck, M.A. van der
AU  - Pijl, H.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Roos, R.A.C.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70156
TI  - Gewichtsverlies bij neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen.
EP  - 5
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 5
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rover, M. de
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Werf, S.P. van der
AU  - Cools, A.R.
AU  - Berger, H.J.C.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70985
AB  - Remembering complex, multidimensional information typically requires strategic memory retrieval, during which information is structured, for instance by spatial- or temporal associations. Although brain regions involved in strategic memory retrieval in general have been identified, differences in retrieval operations related to distinct retrieval strategies are not well-understood. Thus, our aim was to identify brain regions whose activity is differentially involved in spatial-associative and temporal-associative retrieval. First, we showed that our behavioral paradigm probing memory for a set of object-location associations promoted the use of a spatial-associative structure following an encoding condition that provided multiple associations to neighboring objects (spatial-associative condition) and the use of a temporal-associative structure following another study condition that provided predominantly temporal associations between sequentially presented items (temporal-associative condition). Next, we used an adapted version of this paradigm for functional MRI, where we contrasted brain activity related to the recall of object-location associations that were either encoded in the spatial- or the temporal-associative condition. In addition to brain regions generally involved in recall, we found that activity in higher-order visual regions, including the fusiform gyrus, the lingual gyrus, and the cuneus, was relatively enhanced when subjects used a spatial-associative structure for retrieval. In contrast, activity in the globus pallidus and the thalamus was relatively enhanced when subjects used a temporal-associative structure for retrieval. In conclusion, we provide evidence for differential involvement of these brain regions related to different types of strategic memory retrieval and the neural structures described play a role in either spatial-associative or temporal-associative memory retrieval.
TI  - Neural correlates of strategic memory retrieval: differentiating between spatial-associative and temporal-associative strategies.
EP  - 1079
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1068
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 29
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20445
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Broekhoven, F. van
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71365
AB  - The acute neural effects of progesterone are mediated by its neuroactive metabolites allopregnanolone and pregnanolone. These neurosteroids potentiate the inhibitory actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Progesterone is known to produce anxiolytic effects in animals, but recent animal studies suggest that pregnanolone increases anxiety after a period of low allopregnanolone concentration. This effect is potentially mediated by the amygdala and related to the negative mood symptoms in humans that are observed during increased allopregnanolone levels. Therefore, we investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) whether a single progesterone administration to healthy young women in their follicular phase modulates the amygdala response to salient, biologically relevant stimuli. The progesterone administration increased the plasma concentrations of progesterone and allopregnanolone to levels that are reached during the luteal phase and early pregnancy. The imaging results show that progesterone selectively increased amygdala reactivity. Furthermore, functional connectivity analyses indicate that progesterone modulated functional coupling of the amygdala with distant brain regions. These results reveal a neural mechanism by which progesterone may mediate adverse effects on anxiety and mood.
TI  - Progesterone selectively increases amygdala reactivity in women.
EP  - 333
SN  - 1359-4184
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 325
JF  - Molecular Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002030
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hengeveld, M.W.
AU  - Londen, L. van
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69250
AB  - Autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in three adults. The first patient, a married man aged 41, was referred to a psychiatrist with 'impending burn-out'. The second was a 32-year-old male student with schizophrenia and a depressive disorder who was referred to a centre for autism because a friend of his mother's knew someone with Asperger's syndrome. The third patient was a 25-year-old woman with a 'fixation on food' who was referred by her general practitioner to a psychiatrist for evaluation of longstanding use of antidepressant medication. Autism used to be thought of as a condition of childhood. Only recently has the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders become the focus of attention in adult psychiatry. It is made all the more difficult as during development into adulthood, the expression of disorders of reciprocal social interaction, communication, imagination and repetitive stereotypical thinking and actions, change.
TI  - [Recognition of autism spectrum disorders in adults]
EP  - 1357
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 24
SP  - 1353
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 152
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lahuis, B.E.
AU  - Engeland, H.M. van
AU  - Cahn, W.
AU  - Caspers, E.
AU  - Geest, J.N. van der
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71001
TI  - Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in patients with multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD), a subtype of the pervasive developmental disorder.
EP  - 8
SN  - 1562-2975
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Allen, S.
AU  - Furman, R.
AU  - Brown, A.
AU  - Ishizuka, T.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/67848
TI  - Development of cross-linguistic variation in speech and gesture: Motion events in English and Turkish
EP  - 1050
SN  - 0012-1649
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 1040
JF  - Developmental Psychology
VL  - vol. 44
PS  - 11 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1040
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Mattern, C.
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115458
AB  - Female mate choice involves the comparative evaluation of potential mates. Females use a pooled comparison of sampled males to maximize the perceived reproductive fitness of their partner, implying the memorization of sampled males. However, hormonal and reproductive states influence female choosiness, and women's preference and memory for masculinity. Here, we investigated whether testosterone biases memory processes in women towards male faces using functional MRI. A single nasal testosterone dose was administered to healthy women in their early follicular phase, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Testosterone increased the difference in reaction times to categorize male and female faces during encoding, without influencing subsequent recognition accuracy or response bias. The imaging results showed that testosterone shifted memory formation in the hippocampus and inferior temporal gyri from the encoding of female faces towards the encoding of male faces. In contrast, testosterone shifted memory formation in the left inferior frontal gyrus from the encoding of male faces towards the encoding of female faces. Furthermore, the hippocampal contribution to memory retrieval also shifted from female towards male faces. These results indicate that testosterone biases memory processes towards the relatively automatic encoding and retrieval of males in temporal brain regions and elaborate encoding of females in frontal brain regions, suggesting that testosterone may support female mate sampling and comparison by biasing automatic memory processes towards the encoding and retrieval of potential mates.
TI  - Testosterone biases automatic memory processes in women towards potential mates
EP  - 120
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 114
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 43
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kan, C.C.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69328
AB  - Early infantile autism' as defined by Kanner has grown into a spectrum of autistic disorders. The recognition of Asperger's disorder and of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), has led to increased demand for appropriate diagnostic assessment of autism in adults. The expression ofimpairments in social interaction, communication, imagination and mental flexibility changes during development into adulthood. The diagnostic procedure in adult psychiatry should comprise a collateral developmental interview. Autism spectrum disorders in adults may mimic, or be overshadowed by, other psychiatric disorders. For effective diagnosis, the application of structured interviews, such as the 'Autism diagnostic observation schedule' (ADOS), 'Autism diagnostic interview-revised' (ADI-R) or 'Diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders' (DISCO) is recommended.
TI  - [Autism spectrum disorders in adults]
EP  - 1369
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 24
SP  - 1365
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 152
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davidson, D.
AU  - Indefrey, P.
AU  - Gullberg, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68213
TI  - Words that early second language learners are likely to hear, read, and use
EP  - 146
SN  - 1366-7289
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 133
JF  - Bilingualism. Language and Cognition
VL  - vol. 11
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728907003264
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werf, J. van der
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70212
AB  - Although it is well established that parietal cortex is important in processing sensorimotor transformations, less is known about the neuronal dynamics of this process in humans. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the dynamics of parietal oscillatory activity during saccade planning in terms of sensory and motor goal processing. In the experiments, a peripheral stimulus was flashed in either the left or right hemifield, followed by a 1.5 s delay period, after which the subject executed a saccade toward (prosaccade) or away from (antisaccade) the stimulus. In response to stimulus presentation, we observed an initial increase in gamma-band power (40-120 Hz) in a region in the posterior parietal cortex contralateral to the direction of the stimulus. This lateralized power enhancement, which was sustained in a more narrow frequency band (85-105 Hz) during the delay period of prosaccades, mapped to the hemisphere contralateral to the direction of the saccade goal during the delay period of antisaccades. These results suggest that neuronal gamma-band synchronization in parietal cortex represents the planned direction of the saccade, not the memorized stimulus location. In the lower-frequency bands, we observed sustained contralateral alpha (7-13 Hz) power suppression after stimulus presentation in parieto-occipital regions. The dynamics of the alpha band was strongly related to the processing of the stimulus and showed only modest selectivity for the goal of the saccade. We conclude that parietal gamma-band synchronization reflects a mechanism to encode the motor goals in the visuomotor processing for saccades.
TI  - Gamma-band activity in human posterior parietal cortex encodes the motor goal during delayed prosaccades and antisaccades.
EP  - 8405
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 34
SP  - 8397
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0630-08.2008
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70212/70212.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Weis, S.
AU  - Brockhaus-Dumke, A.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70984
AB  - We investigated how the hippocampus and its adjacent mediotemporal structures contribute to contextual and noncontextual declarative memory retrieval by manipulating the amount of contextual information across two levels of the same contextual dimension in a source memory task. A first analysis identified medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures mediating either contextual or noncontextual retrieval. A linearly weighted analysis elucidated which MTL substructures show a gradually increasing neural activity, depending on the amount of contextual information retrieved. A hippocampal engagement was found during both levels of source memory but not during item memory retrieval. The anterior MTL including the perirhinal cortex was only engaged during item memory retrieval by an activity decrease. Only the posterior parahippocampal cortex showed an activation increasing with the amount of contextual information retrieved. If one assumes a roughly linear relationship between the blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the associated cognitive process, our results suggest that the posterior parahippocampal cortex is involved in contextual retrieval on the basis of memory strength while the hippocampus processes representations of item-context binding. The anterior MTL including perirhinal cortex seems to be particularly engaged in familiarity-based item recognition. If one assumes departure from linearity, however, our results can also be explained by one-dimensional modulation of memory strength.
TI  - Contributions of the medial temporal lobe to declarative memory retrieval: manipulating the amount of contextual retrieval.
EP  - 617
SN  - 1072-0502
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 611
JF  - Learning & Memory
VL  - vol. 15
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.916708
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70984/70984.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brockhaus-Dumke, A.
AU  - Schultze-Lutter, F.
AU  - Mueller, R.
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Bechdolf, A.
AU  - Pukrop, R.
AU  - Klosterkoetter, J.
AU  - Ruhrmann, S.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71084
AB  - BACKGROUND: Abnormal sensory gating in schizophrenia has frequently been reported; however, only limited data on unmedicated patients and patients at risk to develop a psychosis have, as yet, been available. METHODS: P50 and N100 suppression were assessed with an auditory double-click paradigm in five groups: 18 at-risk subjects who did not develop a full psychosis within the follow-up period of 2 years, 21 truly prodromal subjects who developed frank psychosis within the follow-up period, 46 antipsychotic-naive subjects with first-episode schizophrenia, 20 antipsychotic-free subjects with chronic schizophrenia, and 46 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: P50 and N100 suppression indices differed significantly between groups and were lowest in chronic schizophrenia patients. Compared with healthy control subjects, P50 suppression was significantly impaired in at-risk subjects, truly prodromal and first-episode patients (stimulus 2 [S2]/stimulus 1 [S1] P50 amplitude ratio), and chronic schizophrenia patients (difference and ratio), and N100 suppression was significantly reduced in truly prodromal and first-episode patients (S1-S2 difference) and in chronic schizophrenia patients (difference and ratio) but not at-risk subjects. At-risk subjects with and without conversion to psychosis did not significantly differ on any test parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Sensory gating is already impaired in early stages of schizophrenia, though this is most prominent in chronic stages. Future studies will have to clarify the type and impact of variables modifying sensory gating disturbances, such as illness progression and genetic load. Furthermore, the meaning and nature of differences between P50 and N100 suppression need further elucidation.
TI  - Sensory gating in schizophrenia: P50 and N100 gating in antipsychotic-free subjects at risk, first-episode, and chronic patients.
EP  - 384
SN  - 0006-3223
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 376
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 64
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.02.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Udden, J.
AU  - Folia, V.
AU  - Forkstam, C.H.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115459
AB  - The human capacity to implicitly acquire knowledge of structured sequences has recently been investigated in artificial grammar learning using functional magnetic resonance imaging. It was found that the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC; Brodmann's area (BA) 44/45) was related to classification performance. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the IFC (BA 44/45) is causally related to classification of artificial syntactic structures by means of an off-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paradigm. We manipulated the stimulus material in a 2 x 2 factorial design with grammaticality status and local substring familiarity as factors. The participants showed a reliable effect of grammaticality on classification of novel items after 5days of exposure to grammatical exemplars without performance feedback in an implicit acquisition task. The results show that rTMS of BA 44/45 improves syntactic classification performance by increasing the rejection rate of non-grammatical items and by shortening reaction times of correct rejections specifically after left-sided stimulation. A similar pattern of results is observed in FMRI experiments on artificial syntactic classification. These results suggest that activity in the inferior frontal region is causally related to artificial syntax processing.
TI  - The inferior frontal cortex in artificial syntax processing: An rTMS study
EP  - 78
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 69
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1224C
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70681
AB  - Although impaired communication is one of the defining criteria in autism, linguistic functioning is highly variable among people with this disorder. Accumulating evidence shows that language impairments in autism are more extensive than commonly assumed and described by formal diagnostic criteria and are apparent at various levels. Phenotypically, most people with autism have semantic, syntactic and pragmatic deficits, a smaller number are known to have phonological deficits. Neurophysiologically, abnormal processing of low-level linguistic information points to perceptual difficulties. Also, abnormal high-level linguistic processing of the frontal and temporal language association cortices indicates more self-reliant and less connected neural subsystems. Early sensory impairments and subsequent atypical neural connectivity are likely to play a part in abnormal language acquisition in autism. This paper aims to review the available data on the phenotype of language in autism as well as a number of structural, electrophysiological and functional brain-imaging studies to provide a more integrated view of the linguistic phenotype and its underlying neural deficits, and to provide new directions for research and therapeutic and experimental applications.
TI  - The phenotype and neural correlates of language in autism: an integrative review.
EP  - 1425
SN  - 0149-7634
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1416
JF  - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
VL  - vol. 32
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Orsouw, L. van
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Swinkels, S.H.N.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70165
AB  - Deficits in the perception of social stimuli may contribute to the characteristic impairments in social interaction in high functioning autism (HFA). Although the cortical processing of voice is abnormal in HFA, it is unclear whether this gives rise to impairments in the perception of voice gender. About 20 children with HFA and 20 matched controls were presented with voice fragments that were parametrically morphed in gender. No differences were found in the perception of gender between the two groups of participants, but response times differed significantly. The results suggest that the perception of voice gender is not impaired in HFA, which is consistent with behavioral findings of an unimpaired voice-based identification of age and identity by individuals with autism. The differences in response times suggest that individuals with HFA use different perceptual approaches from those used by typically developing individuals.
TI  - Gender in voice perception in autism.
EP  - 1826
SN  - 0162-3257
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1819
JF  - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0572-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Udden, J.
AU  - Folia, V.
AU  - Forkstam, C.
AU  - Ingvar, M.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70705
AB  - The human capacity to implicitly acquire knowledge of structured sequences has recently been investigated in artificial grammar learning using functional magnetic resonance imaging. It was found that the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC; Brodmann's area (BA) 44/45) was related to classification performance. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the IFC (BA 44/45) is causally related to classification of artificial syntactic structures by means of an off-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paradigm. We manipulated the stimulus material in a 2 x 2 factorial design with grammaticality status and local substring familiarity as factors. The participants showed a reliable effect of grammaticality on classification of novel items after 5 days of exposure to grammatical exemplars without performance feedback in an implicit acquisition task. The results show that rTMS of BA 44/45 improves syntactic classification performance by increasing the rejection rate of non-grammatical items and by shortening reaction times of correct rejections specifically after left-sided stimulation. A similar pattern of results is observed in FMRI experiments on artificial syntactic classification. These results suggest that activity in the inferior frontal region is causally related to artificial syntax processing.
TI  - The inferior frontal cortex in artificial syntax processing: an rTMS study.
EP  - 78
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 69
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1224
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.070
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Kos, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70720
AB  - When do listeners take into account who the speaker is? We asked people to listen to utterances whose content sometimes did not match inferences based on the identity of the speaker (e.g., "If only I looked like Britney Spears" in a male voice, or "I have a large tattoo on my back" spoken with an upper-class accent). Event-related brain responses revealed that the speaker's identity is taken into account as early as 200-300 msec after the beginning of a spoken word, and is processed by the same early interpretation mechanism that constructs sentence meaning based on just the words. This finding is difficult to reconcile with standard "Gricean" models of sentence interpretation in which comprehenders initially compute a local, context-independent meaning for the sentence ("semantics") before working out what it really means given the wider communicative context and the particular speaker ("pragmatics"). Because the observed brain response hinges on voice-based and usually stereotype-dependent inferences about the speaker, it also shows that listeners rapidly classify speakers on the basis of their voices and bring the associated social stereotypes to bear on what is being said. According to our event-related potential results, language comprehension takes very rapid account of the social context, and the construction of meaning based on language alone cannot be separated from the social aspects of language use. The linguistic brain relates the message to the speaker immediately.
TI  - The neural integration of speaker and message.
EP  - 591
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 580
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 20
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20054
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70720/70720.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Brink, D. van den
AU  - Tesink, C.M.J.Y.
AU  - Kos, M.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115460
AB  - When do listeners take into account who the speaker is? We asked people to listen to utterances whose content sometimes did not match inferences based on the identity of the speaker (e.g., "If only I looked like Britney Spears" in a male voice, or "I have a large tattoo on my back" spoken with an upper-class accent). Event-related brain responses revealed that the speaker's identity is taken into account as early as 200-300 msec after the beginning of a spoken word, and is processed by the same early interpretation mechanism that constructs sentence meaning based on just the words. This finding is difficult to reconcile with standard "Gricean" models of sentence interpretation in which comprehenders initially compute a local, context-independent meaning for the sentence ("semantics") before working out what it really means given the wider communicative context and the particular speaker ("pragmatics"). Because the observed brain response hinges on voice-based and usually stereotype-dependent inferences about the speaker, it also shows that listeners rapidly classify speakers on the basis of their voices and bring the associated social stereotypes to bear on what is being said. According to our event-related potential results, language comprehension takes very rapid account of the social context, and the construction of meaning based on language alone cannot be separated from the social aspects of language use. The linguistic brain relates the message to the speaker immediately.
TI  - The neural integration of speaker and message
EP  - 591
SN  - 0898-929X
SP  - 580
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 20language
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20054
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Koers, A.W.
AU  - Kalkman, J.S.
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Meer, J.T. van der
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/187274
AB  - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling disorder, characterized by persistent or relapsing fatigue. Recent studies have detected a decrease in cortical grey matter volume in patients with CFS, but it is unclear whether this cerebral atrophy constitutes a cause or a consequence of the disease. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective behavioural intervention for CFS, which combines a rehabilitative approach of a graded increase in physical activity with a psychological approach that addresses thoughts and beliefs about CFS which may impair recovery. Here, we test the hypothesis that cerebral atrophy may be a reversible state that can ameliorate with successful CBT. We have quantified cerebral structural changes in 22 CFS patients that underwent CBT and 22 healthy control participants. At baseline, CFS patients had significantly lower grey matter volume than healthy control participants. CBT intervention led to a significant improvement in health status, physical activity and cognitive performance. Crucially, CFS patients showed a significant increase in grey matter volume, localized in the lateral prefrontal cortex. This change in cerebral volume was related to improvements in cognitive speed in the CFS patients. Our findings indicate that the cerebral atrophy associated with CFS is partially reversed after effective CBT. This result provides an example of macroscopic cortical plasticity in the adult human brain, demonstrating a surprisingly dynamic relation between behavioural state and cerebral anatomy. Furthermore, our results reveal a possible neurobiological substrate of psychotherapeutic treatment.
TI  - Increase in prefrontal cortical volume following cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
EP  - 2180
SN  - 0006-8950
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 2172
JF  - Brain
VL  - vol. 131
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn140
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Fick, W.F.
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Uden, I.W.M. van
AU  - Oudheusden, L.J.B. van
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Zwiers, M.P.
AU  - Leeuw, H.F. de
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70915
AB  - BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive failures (SCF) and subjective memory failures (SMF) have been reported to be an early predictor of Alzheimer disease (AD) and have been attributed to white matter lesions (WML). Since AD is characterized by hippocampal degeneration, it is surprising that its relation with hippocampal atrophy has been investigated only sparsely. Previous studies on this are rare, limited in sample size, and did not adjust for WML. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between SCF and hippocampal volume in strata of objective cognitive performance among elderly without dementia with incidental WML. METHODS: The Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion tensor and MRI Cohort study is a prospective cohort study among 503 subjects with WML aged between 50 and 85 years. All subjects underwent FLAIR and T1 MRI scanning. The amount of SCF and SMF was rated by the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed by a cognitive screening battery. Volumetric measures of hippocampus and WML were manually performed. We assessed the relation between hippocampal volume and SCF and SMF adjusted for age, sex, education, depression, intracranial volume, and WML volume. RESULTS: Subjects with SCF and SMF had lower hippocampal volumes than those without (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). This was most noteworthy in subjects with good objective cognitive performance (p(trend) = 0.007 and p(trend) = 0.03), and not in those with poor objective cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Subjective cognitive failures (SCF) are associated with lower hippocampal volume, even in subjects without objective cognitive impairment and independent of white matter lesions. SCF has a radiologic detectable pathologic-anatomic substrate.
TI  - Subjective cognitive failures and hippocampal volume in elderly with white matter lesions.
EP  - 1159
SN  - 0028-3878
IS  - iss. 15
SP  - 1152
JF  - Neurology
VL  - vol. 71
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000327564.44819.49
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70915/70915.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.M.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/72607
AB  - Understanding language always occurs within a situational context and, therefore, often implies combining streams of information from different domains and modalities. One such combination is that of spoken language and visual information, which are perceived together in a variety of ways during everyday communication. Here we investigate whether and how words and pictures differ in terms of their neural correlates when they are integrated into a previously built-up sentence context. This is assessed in two experiments looking at the time course (measuring event-related potentials, ERPs) and the locus (using functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) of this integration process. We manipulated the ease of semantic integration of word and/or picture to a previous sentence context to increase the semantic load of processing. In the ERP study, an increased semantic load led to an N400 effect which was similar for pictures and words in terms of latency and amplitude. In the fMRI study, we found overlapping activations to both picture and word integration in the left inferior frontal cortex. Specific activations for the integration of a word were observed in the left superior temporal cortex. We conclude that despite obvious differences in representational format, semantic information coming from pictures and words is integrated into a sentence context in similar ways in the brain. This study adds to the growing insight that the language system incorporates (semantic) information coming from linguistic and extralinguistic domains with the same neural time course and by recruitment of overlapping brain areas.
TI  - Seeing and hearing meaning. Neural correlates  for word versus picture integration into a sentence context
EP  - 1249
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1235
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 20
PS  - 15 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20085
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/72607/72607.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vrijer, M. de
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115457
AB  - To determine the direction of object motion in external space, the brain must combine retinal motion signals and information about the orientation of the eyes in space. We assessed the accuracy of this process in eight laterally tilted subjects who aligned the motion direction of a random-dot pattern (30% coherence, moving at 6°/s) with their perceived direction of gravity (motion vertical) in otherwise complete darkness. For comparison, we also tested the ability to align an adjustable visual line (12° diameter) to the direction of gravity (line vertical). For small head tilts (<40°), systematic errors in either task were almost negligible. In contrast, tilts >60° revealed a pattern of large systematic errors (often >30°) that was virtually identical in both tasks. Regression analysis confirmed that mean errors in the two tasks were closely related, with slopes close to 1.0 and correlations >0.89. Control experiments ruled out that motion settings were based on processing of individual single-dot paths. We conclude that the conversion of both motion direction and line orientation on the retina into a spatial frame of reference involves a shared computational strategy. Simulations with two spatial-orientation models suggest that the pattern of systematic errors may be the downside of an optimal strategy for dealing with imperfections in the tilt signal that is implemented before the reference-frame transformation.
TI  - Shared computational mechanism for tilt compensation accounts for biased verticality percepts in motion and pattern vision
EP  - 930
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 915
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 99
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00921.2007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boone, B.
AU  - Blokx, W.A.M.
AU  - Bacquer, D. De
AU  - Lambert, J.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Brochez, L.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70656
AB  - Sentinel lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in primary melanoma. The number of melanoma-associated lymphatic vessels has been associated with sentinel lymph node status and survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is found to promote tumour-associated lymphatic vessel growth. In many human neoplasms, VEGF-C expression in neoplastic cells or tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been linked to lymphatic dissemination of tumour cells. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between VEGF-C expression in primary melanoma and the presence of lymph node metastasis. We performed VEGF-C immunohistochemical staining on melanoma tissues of 113 patients with known sentinel lymph node status. We showed that both high VEGF-C expression in melanoma cells and TAMs are positively associated with the presence of a positive sentinel lymph node. No correlation with Breslow thickness, Clark invasion level or ulceration could be detected. VEGF-C expression in melanoma cells was predictive of a shorter overall and disease-free survival, without being an independent predictor of survival. Our results confirm that VEGF-C expression in primary cutaneous melanoma plays a role in the lymphatic spread of the tumour.
TI  - The role of VEGF-C staining in predicting regional metastasis in melanoma.
EP  - 265
SN  - 0945-6317
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 257
JF  - Virchows Archiv
VL  - vol. 453
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-008-0641-6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69965
TI  - How semantic and episodic memory contribute to timing in autobiographical memory.
EP  - 147
SN  - 0023-8333
IS  - iss. s1
SP  - 143
JF  - Language Learning
VL  - vol. 58
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00467.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oostendorp, T.F.
AU  - Hengeveld, Y.A.
AU  - Wolters, C.H.
AU  - Stinstra, J.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Stegeman, D.F.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69453
TI  - Modeling transcranial DC stimulation.
EP  - 4229
SN  - 1557-170X
SP  - 4226
JF  - Conference Proceedings (IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conf.)
VL  - vol. 1
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/69453/69453.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Speelman, J.D.
AU  - Laar, T. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71406
AB  - Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei (STN) is a good therapeutic option to reduce dyskinesias and improve appendicular motor signs in well-selected patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Concerns about long-term adverse effects play an increasingly role in the decision whether or not to refer patients for this treatment. Worsening of gait as a consequence of STN stimulation for PD has been described, but may be under-recognized in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of STN stimulation on gait relative to global outcome in a group of consecutively operated patients. For this purpose, we used a standardized patient questionnaire that asked about global outcome and specific effects on gait, as experienced both 6 months postoperatively and currently (at the time of completing the questionnaire; mean: 2.7 +/- 1.1 years). A delayed worsening of gait after bilateral STN stimulation was experienced by a considerable proportion of patients (42% of subjects, for gait in the OFF phase), and this was apparently relatively "selective" because their global outcome scores continued to be improved. These findings highlight the presence of a hitherto poorly recognized long-term complication of bilateral STN stimulation. Further systematic studies are required to pinpoint the clinical and surgical determinants of this late gait deterioration.
TI  - Postoperative gait deterioration after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 2406
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 16
SP  - 2404
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 23
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21986
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturkenboom, I.H.W.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71204
TI  - Regionale netwerken. Verbeterde zorg door ParkinsonNet.
EP  - 21
SN  - 0166-4751
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 20
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Ergotherapie
VL  - vol. 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69869
TI  - Imaging the human motor system's beta-band synchronization during isometric contraction.
EP  - 447
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 437
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 41
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.045
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Desimone, R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70766
AB  - Selective attention lends relevant sensory input priority access to higher-level brain areas and ultimately to behavior. Recent studies have suggested that those neurons in visual areas that are activated by an attended stimulus engage in enhanced gamma-band (30-70 Hz) synchronization compared with neurons activated by a distracter. Such precise synchronization could enhance the postsynaptic impact of cells carrying behaviorally relevant information. Previous studies have used the local field potential (LFP) power spectrum or spike-LFP coherence (SFC) to indirectly estimate spike synchronization. Here, we directly demonstrate zero-phase gamma-band coherence among spike trains of V4 neurons. This synchronization was particularly evident during visual stimulation and enhanced by selective attention, thus confirming the pattern inferred from LFP power and SFC. We therefore investigated the time course of LFP gamma-band power and found rapid dynamics consistent with interactions of top-down spatial and feature attention with bottom-up saliency. In addition to the modulation of synchronization during visual stimulation, selective attention significantly changed the prestimulus pattern of synchronization. Attention inside the receptive field of the recorded neuronal population enhanced gamma-band synchronization and strongly reduced alpha-band (9-11 Hz) synchronization in the prestimulus period. These results lend further support for a functional role of rhythmic neuronal synchronization in attentional stimulus selection.
TI  - The effects of visual stimulation and selective visual attention on rhythmic neuronal synchronization in macaque area V4.
EP  - 4835
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 18
SP  - 4823
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4499-07.2008
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/70766/70766.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Donner, T.H.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/71012
AB  - Oscillatory neuronal synchronization, within and between cortical areas, may mediate the selection of attended visual stimuli. However, it remains unclear at and between which processing stages visuospatial attention modulates oscillatory synchronization in the human brain. We thus combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a spatially cued motion discrimination task with source-reconstruction techniques and characterized attentional effects on neuronal synchronization across key stages of the human dorsal visual pathway. We found that visuospatial attention modulated oscillatory synchronization between visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortex in a spatially selective fashion. Furthermore, synchronized activity within these stages was selectively modulated by attention, but with markedly distinct spectral signatures and stimulus dependence between regions. Our data indicate that regionally specific oscillatory synchronization at most stages of the human dorsal visual pathway may enhance the processing of attended visual stimuli and suggest that attentional selection is mediated by frequency-specific synchronization between prefrontal, parietal, and early visual cortex.
TI  - Neuronal synchronization along the dorsal visual pathway reflects the focus of spatial attention.
EP  - 719
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 709
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 60
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Scheeringa, A.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/72406
TI  - Finding Neuron.
EP  - 305
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 303
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 58
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dijk, H.P. van
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115454
TI  - Pre-stimulus oscillatory activity in the alpha band predicts visual discrimination ability
EP  - 1823
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1816
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 28MEG
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1853-07.2008
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115454/115454.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115461
TI  - Visual areas become less engaged in associative recall following memory stabilization
EP  - 1327
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1319
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 40MEG
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.052
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69445
AB  - Numerous studies have focused on changes in the activity in the hippocampus and higher association areas with consolidation and memory stabilization. Even though perceptual areas are engaged in memory recall, little is known about how memory stabilization is reflected in those areas. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) we investigated changes in visual areas with memory stabilization. Subjects were trained on associating a face to one of eight locations. The first set of associations ('stabilized') was learned in three sessions distributed over a week. The second set ('labile') was learned in one session just prior to the MEG measurement. In the recall session only the face was presented and subjects had to indicate the correct location using a joystick. The MEG data revealed robust gamma activity during recall, which started in early visual cortex and propagated to higher visual and parietal brain areas. The occipital gamma power was higher for the labile than the stabilized condition (time=0.65-0.9 s). Also the event-related field strength was higher during recall of labile than stabilized associations (time=0.59-1.5 s). We propose that recall of the spatial associations prior to memory stabilization involves a top-down process relying on reconstructing learned representations in visual areas. This process is reflected in gamma band activity consistent with the notion that neuronal synchronization in the gamma band is required for visual representations. More direct synaptic connections are formed with memory stabilization, thus decreasing the dependence on visual areas.
TI  - Visual areas become less engaged in associative recall following memory stabilization.
EP  - 1327
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 1319
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 40
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.052
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69880
AB  - Rhythmic synchronization likely subserves interactions among neuronal groups. One of the best studied rhythmic synchronization phenomena in the human nervous system is the beta-band (15-30 Hz) synchronization in the motor system. In this study, we imaged structures across the human brain that are synchronized to the motor system's beta rhythm. We recorded whole-head magnetoencephalograms (MEG) and electromyograms (EMG) of left/right extensor carpi radialis muscle during left/right wrist extension. We analyzed coherence, on the one hand between the EMG and neuronal sources in the brain, and on the other hand between different brain sources, using a spatial filtering approach. Cortico-muscular coherence analysis revealed a spatial maximum of coherence to the muscle in motor cortex contralateral to the muscle in accordance with earlier findings. Moreover, by applying a two-dipole source model, we unveiled significantly coherent clusters of voxels in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere and ipsilateral cerebral motor regions. The spatial pattern of coherence to the right and left arm EMG was roughly mirror reversed across the midline, in agreement with known physiology. Subsequently, we analyzed the brain-wide pattern of beta-band coherence to the motor cortex contralateral to the contracting muscle. This analysis did not reveal any convincing pattern. Because the prior cortico-muscular analysis had demonstrated the expected pattern in our data, this negative finding demonstrates a current limitation of the applied method for cortico-cortical coherence analysis. We conclude that during an isometric muscle contraction, several distributed brain regions form a brain-wide beta-band network for motor control.
TI  - Imaging the human motor system's beta-band synchronization during isometric contraction
EP  - 447
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 437
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 41
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.045
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Scheeringa, René
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70231
TI  - Finding Gamma
EP  - 305
SN  - 0896-6273
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 303
JF  - Neuron
VL  - vol. 58
PS  - 3 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarts, E.
AU  - Roelofs, A.P.A.
AU  - Turennout, M.I. van
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/69833
AB  - Previous studies have found no agreement on whether anticipatory activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) reflects upcoming conflict, error likelihood, or actual control adjustments. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the nature of preparatory activity in the ACC. Informative cues told the participants whether an upcoming target would or would not involve conflict in a Stroop-like task. Uninformative cues provided no such information. Behavioral responses were faster after informative than after uninformative cues, indicating cue-based adjustments in control. ACC activity was larger after informative than uninformative cues, as would be expected if the ACC is involved in anticipatory control. Importantly, this activation in the ACC was observed for informative cues even when the information conveyed by the cue was that the upcoming target evokes no response conflict and has low error likelihood. This finding demonstrates that the ACC is involved in anticipatory control processes independent of upcoming response conflict or error likelihood. Moreover, the response of the ACC to the target stimuli was critically dependent on whether the cue was informative or not. ACC activity differed among target conditions after uninformative cues only, indicating ACC involvement in actual control adjustments. Together, these findings argue strongly for a role of the ACC in anticipatory control independent of anticipated conflict and error likelihood, and also show that such control can eliminate conflict-related ACC activity during target processing. Models of frontal cortex conflict-detection and conflict-resolution mechanisms require modification to include consideration of these anticipatory control properties of the ACC.
TI  - Anticipatory activity in anterior cingulate cortex can be independent of conflict and error likelihood.
EP  - 4678
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 18
SP  - 4671
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4400-07.2008
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/69833/69833.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bäckström, T.
AU  - Fernández, G.
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Broekhoven, F. van
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115455
TI  - Progesterone selectively increases amygdala reactivity in women
EP  - 333
SN  - 1359-4184
SP  - 325
JF  - Molecular Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002030
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patel, A.D.
AU  - Iversen, J.R.
AU  - Wassenaar, M.E.D.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/73566
TI  - Musical syntactic processing in agrammatic Broca's aphasia
EP  - 789
SN  - 0268-7038
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 776
JF  - Aphasiology
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030701803804
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iersel, M.B. van
AU  - Kessels, R.P.C.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Verbeek, A.L.M.
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70298
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cognition influences gait and balance in elderly people. Executive functions seem to play a key role in this mechanism. Previous studies used only a single test to probe executive functions, and outcome measures were restricted to gait variables. We extend this prior work by examining the association between two different executive functions and measures of both gait and balance, with and without two different cognitive dual tasks. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with randomly selected community-living elderly people. Executive functions were tested with the Trail Making Test Parts A and B and the Stroop Color Word Test; memory with Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) subtests. Patients walked without and with two dual tasks (subtracting serial sevens and animal naming). Main outcomes focused on gait (velocity, stride length, and stride time variability), measured on an electronic walkway, and balance, measured as trunk movements during walking. Associations were assessed with multiple regression models. RESULTS: One hundred elderly people, with a mean age 80.6 years (range 75-93 years) participated. Both dual tasks decreased gait velocity and increased variability and trunk sway. Executive functions were associated with only stride length variability and mediolateral trunk sway during performance of animal naming as the dual task. Memory was not associated with the gait and balance variables. CONCLUSIONS: In community-living elderly people, executive functions are associated with gait and balance impairment during a challenging dual-task condition that also depends on executive integrity. Next steps will be to explore the value of executive functions in defining fall-risk profiles and in fall-prevention interventions for frail patients.
TI  - Executive functions are associated with gait and balance in community-living elderly people
EP  - 1349
SN  - 1079-5006
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 1344
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
VL  - vol. 63
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.12.1344
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Stevens, J.A.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53005
AB  - Motor imagery (MI) is widely used to study cognitive aspects of the neural control of action. Prior studies were mostly centred on hand and arm movements. Recently a few studies have used imagery tasks to explore the neurophysiology of human gait, but it remains unclear how to ascertain whether subjects actually perform imagery of gait as requested. Here we describe a new experimental protocol to quantify imagery of gait, by behaviourally distinguishing it from visual imagery (VI) processes and by showing its temporal correspondence with actual gait. Fourteen young healthy subjects performed two imagery tasks and an actual walking (AW) task. During both imagery tasks subjects were sitting on a chair and faced a computer screen that presented photographs of walking trajectories. During one task (MI), subjects had to imagine walking along the walking trajectory. During the other task (VI), subjects had to imagine seeing a disc moving along the walking trajectory. During the AW task, subjects had to physically walk along the same walking trajectory as presented on the photographs during the imagery tasks. We manipulated movement distance by changing the length of the walking trajectory, and movement difficulty by changing the width of the walking trajectory. Subjects reported onset and offset of both actual and imagined movements with a button press. The time between the two button presses was taken as the imagined or actual movement time (MT). MT increased with increasing path length and decreasing path width in all three tasks. Crucially, the effect of path width on MT was significantly stronger during MI and AW than during VI. The results demonstrate a high temporal correspondence between imagined and AW, suggesting that MI taps into similar cerebral resources as those used during actual gait. These results open the possibility of using this protocol for exploring neurophysiological correlates of gait control in humans.
TI  - Motor imagery of gait: A quantitative approach
EP  - 504
SN  - 0014-4819
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 497
JF  - Experimental Brain Research
VL  - vol. 179
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0807-x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurk, P. van den
AU  - Mars, R.B.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Hegeman, J.
AU  - Pasman, J.W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115435
TI  - Online maintenance of sensory and motor representations: effects on corticospinal excitability
EP  - 1648
SN  - 0022-3077
SP  - 1642
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 97
N1  - intention
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helmich, R.C.G.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53098
AB  - In neurodegenerative disorders, neural damage can trigger compensatory mechanisms that minimize behavioural impairments. Here, we aimed at characterizing cerebral compensation during motor imagery in Parkinson's disease (PD), while controlling for altered motor execution and sensory feedback. We used a within-patient design to compare the most and least affected hand in 19 right-handed PD patients with markedly right-lateralized symptoms. We used a motor imagery (MI) task in which the patients were required to judge the laterality of hand images, rotated either in a lateral or in a medial orientation with respect to the body sagittal plane. This design allowed us to compare cerebral activity (using fMRI) evoked by MI of each hand separately, while objectively monitoring task performance. Reaction times and parieto-premotor activity increased in a similar manner as a function of stimulus rotation during motor imagery of left and right hands. However, patients were markedly slower when judging images of the affected hand in lateral orientations, and there was a corresponding increase in activity in the right extrastriate body area (EBA) and occipito-parietal cortex during mental rotation of the affected hand. Furthermore, these regions increased their connectivity towards the left PMd for right (affected) hands in a lateral orientation. We infer that, in strongly lateralized PD patients, motor imagery of the most-affected hand exploits additional resources in extrastriate visual areas. These findings characterize the cerebral bases of the increased dependence on visual information processing during the generation of motor plans in PD, pointing to its compensatory role.
TI  - Cerebral compensation during motor imagery in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 2215
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2201
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 45
N1  - intention
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerven, M.A.J. van
AU  - Diez, F.J.
AU  - Taal, B.G.
AU  - Lucas, P.J.F.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/112460
TI  - Selecting treatment strategies with dynamic limited-memory influence diagrams
EP  - 186
SN  - 0933-3657
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 171
JF  - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
VL  - vol. 40
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2007.04.004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seidel, R.
AU  - Weinrich, M.
AU  - Pistorius, G.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Schneider, G.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115380
AB  - Biliary cystadenoma is a rare epithelial cystic neoplasm representing only 5% of intrahepatic cystic lesions of biliary origin. Commonly, the lesions are solitary cystic structures with multiple thin-walled septa predominantly arising from the right hepatic duct. Although the lesions are generally intrahepatic, extrahepatic tumors have been reported. Biliary cystadenomas range in diameter from 1.5 to 35 cm. The tumor usually affects middle-aged women. Clinical symptoms are related to the mass effect and comprise episodes of jaundice due to biliary obstruction and intermittent upper abdominal pain. Laboratory parameters are nonspecific. As the tumor is considered a premalignant lesion, complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We report a case of typical biliary cystadenoma of the left hepatic duct.
TI  - Biliary cystadenoma of the left intrahepatic duct (2007: 2b)
EP  - 1383
SN  - 0938-7994
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 1380
JF  - European Radiology
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0475-z
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Özyürek, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44579
PB  - Tokyo : Hituzi Syobo Publishing
TI  - Processing of multi-modal semantic information: Insights from cross-linguistic comparisons and neurophysiological recordings
EP  - 143
SN  - 9784894763296
SP  - 131
CT  - Sakamoto, T. (ed.), Communicating skills of intention
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gürcanli, Ö.
AU  - Nakipoglu Demiralp, M.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44649
PB  - Somerville, MA : Cascadilla Press
TI  - Shared information and argument omission in Turkish
EP  - 273
SP  - 267
CT  - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/44649/275318.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44274
PB  - Amsterdam : Benjamins
TI  - How spoken language shapes iconic gestures
EP  - 75
SN  - 9789027228413
SP  - 67
CT  - Cassel, J.; Duncan, S.; Levy, E. (ed.), Gesture and the Dynamic Dimension of Language
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Kelly, S.D.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44205
TI  - Gesture, language and brain
EP  - 185
SN  - 0093-934X
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 181
JF  - Brain and Language
VL  - vol. 101
PS  - 5 p.
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2007.03.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Bakvis, P.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Pelt, J.F. van
AU  - Honk, J. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115448
TI  - The effects of social stress and cortisol responses on the preconscious selective attention to social threat
EP  - 7
SN  - 0301-0511
SP  - 1
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 75
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.09.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Hendriks, E.J.M.
AU  - Bredero-Cohen, A.B.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51481
AB  - Physical therapy is often prescribed in Parkinson's disease. To facilitate the uniformity and efficacy of this intervention, we analyzed current evidence and developed practice recommendations. We carried out an evidence-based literature review. The results were supplemented with clinical expertise and patient values and translated into practice recommendations, developed according to international standards for guideline development. A systematic literature search yielded 6 systematic reviews and 23 randomized controlled trials of moderate methodological quality with sufficient data. Six specific core areas for physical therapy were identified: transfers, posture, reaching and grasping, balance, gait, and physical capacity. We extracted four specific treatment recommendations that were based on evidence from more than two controlled trials: cueing strategies to improve gait; cognitive movement strategies to improve transfers; exercises to improve balance; and training of joint mobility and muscle power to improve physical capacity. These practice recommendations provide a basis for current physical therapy in Parkinson's disease in everyday clinical practice, as well as for future research in this field.
TI  - Evidence-based analysis of physical therapy in Parkinson's disease with recommendations for practice and research.
EP  - 460
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 451
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21244
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Oude Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Eijk, M. van
AU  - Nijk, R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52889
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable, objective and sensitive measure of axial trunk rotations in PD, which can be applied in an ambulatory setting. METHODS: To quantify turning motion, two angular velocity transducers attached to the lower back measured angular velocity of the trunk in the yaw plane (i.e., around the longitudinal axis) and the roll plane (i.e., medio-lateral movements) in freely moving subjects who were instructed to walk and make various types of turning movements. RESULTS: Turn duration was longer in PD patients compared to controls. Peak yaw and peak roll angular velocities were lower in PD patients compared to controls during all turning tasks. CONCLUSIONS: This new approach to measure trunk sway during a simple turning task might serve as an instrument to objectively quantify turning while walking in PD. SIGNIFICANCE: It proves difficult to objectively assess turning performance based upon history taking or clinical examination alone. Objective and easy measurement of axial turning in PD might be used for clinical evaluation, but also in a domestic setting as outcome measure in intervention studies. Further research should focus on the clinical relevance of the new quantitative approach described in this paper, e.g., to detect freezing of gait episodes.
TI  - Quantification of trunk rotations during turning and walking in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1606
SN  - 1388-2457
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1602
JF  - Clinical Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 118
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wel, M.C. van der
AU  - Lammers, G.J.
AU  - Buchem, M.A. van
AU  - Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51853
AB  - An 80-year-old man was admitted because of head trauma following a fall down a staircase. Initial CT-imaging of the brain showed only global atrophy, but repeated CT-imaging 4 days later revealed a subdural hygroma. Because of the discrepancy between the radiological deterioration and the unchanged neurological condition, we refrained from neurosurgical evacuation. Two months after the trauma, the subdural hygroma had been spontaneously resorbed, but neurological examination revealed severe residual neurological abnormalities. Subdural hygroma is a little known complication in the acute stage ofhead trauma, which is seen mainly in elderly patients. The pathophysiology is not well known. Differentiating subdural hygroma (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation in the subdural space) from external hydrocephalus (excessive CSF accumulation in the subarachnoid space) is important in view of the therapeutic consequences. Because CT-imaging usually cannot differentiate between these 2 conditions, we recommend the use of MRI.
TI  - [Subdural hygroma after falling down a staircase]
J2  - Een subduraal hygroom na een val van de trap.
EP  - 711
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 12
SP  - 707
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 151
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Oyen, W.J.G.
AU  - Leenders, K.L.
AU  - Eshuis, S.
AU  - Booij, J.
AU  - Dluzen, D.E.
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53439
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender differences in basic disease characteristics, motor deterioration and nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We studied 253 consecutive PD patients who were not receiving levodopa or dopamine agonists (disease duration < or = 10 years). We investigated the influence of gender and oestrogen status on: (1) age at onset, (2) presenting symptom, (3) severity and progression of motor symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III) scores) and (4) amount and progression of nigrostriatal degeneration ([123I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography measurements). RESULTS: Age at onset was 2.1 years later in women (53.4 years) than in men (51.3 years). In women, age at onset correlated positively with parity, age at menopause and fertile life span. Women more often presented with tremor (67%) than men (48%). Overall, patients presenting with tremor had a 3.6 year higher age at onset and a 38% slower UPDRS-III deterioration. Mean UPDRS-III scores at disease onset were equal for both genders, as was the rate of deterioration. Women had a 16% higher striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding than men at symptom onset and throughout the course of PD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in women, the development of symptomatic PD may be delayed by higher physiological striatal dopamine levels, possibly due to the activity of oestrogens. This could explain the epidemiological observations of a lower incidence and higher age at onset in women. Women also presented more often with tremor which, in turn, is associated with milder motor deterioration and striatal degeneration. Taken together, these findings suggest a more benign phenotype in women with PD.
TI  - Gender differences in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 824
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 819
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.103788
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Nikolic, D.
AU  - Singer, W.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36586
TI  - The gamma cycle
EP  - 316
SN  - 0166-2236
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 309
JF  - Trends in Neurosciences
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2007.05.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Hilten, J.J. van
AU  - Ashburn, A.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52591
AB  - To study the feasibility of a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD), 173 patients were asked to participate in a study with random allocation to best practice physiotherapy, or to no physiotherapy. The primary outcome measures were the Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39, the Parkinson activity scale, and a patient preference outcome scale (PPOS). Only 14% of the patients could be included in the study. The PPOS showed the largest effect size (0.74) with a significant group effect (p<0.05). Specific alterations to the study design to ensure successful RCTs in this field are recommended.
TI  - Effectiveness of physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease: the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial.
EP  - 121
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 115
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.07.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Nikolic, D.
AU  - Singer, W.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36587
AB  - Activated neuronal groups typically engage in rhythmic synchronization in the gamma-frequency range (30-100 Hz). Experimental and modeling studies demonstrate that each gamma cycle is framed by synchronized spiking of inhibitory interneurons. Here, we review evidence suggesting that the resulting rhythmic network inhibition interacts with excitatory input to pyramidal cells such that the more excited cells fire earlier in the gamma cycle. Thus, the amplitude of excitatory drive is recoded into phase values of discharges relative to the gamma cycle. This recoding enables transmission and read out of amplitude information within a single gamma cycle without requiring rate integration. Furthermore, variation of phase relations can be exploited to facilitate or inhibit exchange of information between oscillating cell assemblies. The gamma cycle could thus serve as a fundamental computational mechanism for the implementation of a temporal coding scheme that enables fast processing and flexible routing of activity, supporting fast selection and binding of distributed responses. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Physiogenic and pathogenic oscillations: the beauty and the beast, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com).
TI  - The gamma cycle.
EP  - 316
SN  - 0166-2236
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 309
JF  - Trends in Neurosciences
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2007.05.005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arends, S.
AU  - Oude Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Stolwijk, L.
AU  - Frenken, D.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52512
TI  - Het meten van valangst bij patiënten met de ziekte van Parkinson.
EP  - 380
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 375
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Does, S.
AU  - Eldik, I.
AU  - Schepers, K.
AU  - Wilmsen, J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51502
TI  - Overview of current speech-language therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands.
EP  - 415
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. S3
SP  - 415
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hovestadt, A.
AU  - Berendse, H.W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Boon, A.J.
AU  - Hilten, J.J. van
AU  - Koning-Tijssen, M.A. de
AU  - Laar, T. van
AU  - Nijssen, P.C.
AU  - Weber, W.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52068
TI  - 'Nieuwe' middelen voor de behandeling van de ziekte van Parkinson.
EP  - 244
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 240
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Andriessen, T.M.J.C.
AU  - Brauer, J.M.
AU  - Vos, P.E.
AU  - Werf, S.P. van der
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51938
AB  - PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To compare consecutive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) patients with and without adequate effort on cognitive performance, litigation status, fatigue, distress and personality. RESEARCH DESIGN: (Neuro)psychological assessment was done 6 months post-injury in 110 patients from a cohort of 618 consecutive MTBI patients aged 18-60, who attended the emergency department of our level I trauma centre. Effort was tested with the Amsterdam Short Term Memory test. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: Thirty patients (27%) failed the effort test. Poor effort was associated with significantly poorer scores on seven out of eleven measures, covering all tested domains. Poor effort was associated with lower educational level and changes in work status, but not litigation. Furthermore, poor effort was related to high levels of distress, Type-D personality and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Even in a sample of non-referred MTBI patients, poor effort was common and was strongly associated with inferior test performance. These findings imply that effort testing should be part of all cognitive assessments, also outside mediolegal settings. Behavioural factors like distress and personality should be considered as potential threats to the validity of neuropsychological testing after MTBI.
TI  - Cognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury: the impact of poor effort on test results and its relation to distress, personality and litigation.
EP  - 318
SN  - 0269-9052
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 309
JF  - Brain Injury
VL  - vol. 21
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050701209980
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogendam, A.
AU  - Bel, E. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Kamman, R.L
AU  - Kremer, J.A.M.
AU  - Merkx, M.A.W.
AU  - Vries Robbe, P.F. de
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51628
TI  - Het EPD als panacee voor problemen in de zorg?
EP  - 1143
SN  - 0025-8245
IS  - iss. 26
SP  - 1142
JF  - Medisch Contact
VL  - vol. 62
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoogendam, A.
AU  - Bel, E.E. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Kamman, R.L
AU  - Kremer, J.A.M.
AU  - Merkx, M.A.W.
AU  - Vries Robbe, P.F. de
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51629
TI  - Het EPD is geen wondermiddel.
EP  - 1143
SN  - 0025-8245
IS  - iss. 26
SP  - 1142
JF  - Medisch Contact
VL  - vol. 62
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oude Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Arends, S.
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52506
TI  - Balance confidence in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 2451
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 16
SP  - 2450
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21756
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oude Nijhuis, L.B.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Carpenter, M.G.
AU  - Allum, J.H.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53075
AB  - Knee movements play a critical role in most balance corrections. Loss of knee flexibility may cause postural instability. Conversely, trained voluntary knee flexions executed during balance corrections might help to overcome balance deficits. We examined whether bilateral knee flexion could be added to automatic balance corrections generated by sudden balance perturbations. We investigated how this could be achieved and whether it improved or worsened balance control. Twenty-four healthy subjects participated in three different test conditions, in which they had to flex their knees following an auditory cue (VOLUNTARY condition), had to restore their balance in response to multidirectional rotations of a support surface (REACTIVE condition), or the combination of these two (COMBINED condition). A new variable set (PREDICTED), calculated as the mathematical sum of VOLUNTARY and REACTIVE, was compared with the COMBINED variable set. COMBINED responses following forward rotations were close to PREDICTED, or greater, suggesting adequate integration of knee flexion into the automatic balance reactions. For backward rotations, the COMBINED condition resulted in several near-falls, and this was generally associated with smaller knee flexion and smaller EMG responses. Subjects compensated by using greater trunk flexion and arm movements. Activity in several muscles displayed earlier onsets for the COMBINED condition following backward rotations. We conclude that healthy adults can incorporate voluntary knee flexion into their automatic balance corrections and that this depends on the direction of the postural perturbation. These findings highlight the flexibility of the human balance repertoire and underscore both the advantages and limitations of using trained voluntary movements to aid balance corrections in man.
TI  - Incorporating voluntary knee flexion into nonanticipatory balance corrections.
EP  - 3059
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 3047
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 98
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01303.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pickering, R.M.
AU  - Grimbergen, Y.A.M.
AU  - Rigney, U.
AU  - Ashburn, A.
AU  - Mazibrada, G.
AU  - Wood, B.
AU  - Gray, P.
AU  - Kerr, G.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51996
AB  - Recurrent falls are a disabling feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have estimated the incidence of falling over a prospective 3 month follow-up from a large sample size, identified predictors for falling for PD patients repeated this analysis for patients without prior falls, and examined the risk of falling with increasing disease severity. We pooled six prospective studies of falling in PD (n = 473), and examined the predictive power of variables that were common to most studies. The 3-month fall rate was 46% (95% confidence interval: 38-54%). Interestingly, even among subjects without prior falls, this fall rate was 21% (12-35%). The best predictor of falling was two or more falls in the previous year (sensitivity 68%; specificity 81%). The risk of falling rose as UPDRS increased, to about a 60% chance of falling for UPDRS values 25 to 35, but remained at this level thereafter with a tendency to taper off towards later disease stages. These results confirm the high frequency of falling in PD, as almost 50% of patients fell during a short period of only 3 months. The strongest predictor of falling was prior falls in the preceding year, but even subjects without any prior falls had a considerable risk of sustaining future falls. Disease severity was not a good predictor of falls, possibly due to the complex U-shaped relation with falls. Early identification of the very first fall therefore remains difficult, and new prediction methods must be developed.
TI  - A meta-analysis of six prospective studies of falling in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1900
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 13
SP  - 1892
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21598
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knoop, H.
AU  - Prins, J.B.
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52682
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often have concentration and memory problems. Neuropsychological test performance is impaired in at least a subgroup of patients with CFS. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for CFS leads to a reduction in fatigue and disabilities. AIM: To test the hypothesis that CBT results in a reduction of self-reported cognitive impairment and in an improved neuropsychological test performance. METHODS: Data of two previous randomised controlled trials were used. One study compared CBT for adult patients with CFS, with two control conditions. The second study compared CBT for adolescent patients with a waiting list condition. Self-reported cognitive impairment was assessed with questionnaires. Information speed was measured with simple and choice reaction time tasks. Adults also completed the symbol digit-modalities task, a measure of complex attentional function. RESULTS: In both studies, the level of self-reported cognitive impairment decreased significantly more after CBT than in the control conditions. Neuropsychological test performance did not improve. CONCLUSIONS: CBT leads to a reduction in self-reported cognitive impairment, but not to improved neuropsychological test performance. The findings of this study support the idea that the distorted perception of cognitive processes is more central to CFS than actual cognitive performance.
TI  - The effect of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome on self-reported cognitive impairments and neuropsychological test performance.
EP  - 436
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 434
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.100974
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Vos, P.E.
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
AU  - Werf, S.P. van der
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52728
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare nonreferred, emergency department (ED)-admitted mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) patients with and without self-reported cognitive complaints on (1) demographic variables and injury characteristics; (2) neuropsychological test performance; (3) 12-day self-monitoring of perceived cognitive problems; and (4) emotional distress, physical functioning, and personality. METHODS: (Neuro)psychological assessment was carried out 6 months post-injury in 79 patients out of a cohort of 618 consecutive MTBI patients aged 18-60, who attended the ED of our level I trauma centre. Cognitive complaints were assessed with the Rivermead Postconcussional Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ). In addition, patients monitored concentration problems and forgetfulness during 12 consecutive days. RESULTS: Self-reported cognitive complaints were reported by 39% of the patients. These complaints were strongly related to lower educational levels, emotional distress, personality, and poorer physical functioning (especially fatigue) but not to injury characteristics. Severity of self-reported cognitive complaints was neither associated with the patients' daily observations of cognitive problems nor with outcome on a range of neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: Self-reported cognitive complaints were more strongly related to premorbid traits and physical and emotional state factors than to actual cognitive impairments. In line with previous work, this suggests that treatment of emotional distress and fatigue may also reduce cognitive complaints. Cognitive outcome assessment of symptomatic MTBI patients should not be restricted to checklist ratings only, but also include a (neuro)psychological screening. In addition, daily monitoring of complaints is a useful method to gather information about the frequency and pattern of cognitive problems in daily life.
TI  - Cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: things are not always what they seem.
EP  - 645
SN  - 0022-3999
IS  - iss. 6
SP  - 637
JF  - Journal of Psychosomatic Research
VL  - vol. 63
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.023
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Geel, W.J.A. van
AU  - Esselink, R.A.J.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52942
AB  - BACKGROUND: In early disease stages it can be clinically difficult to differentiate idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from patients with multiple system atrophy predominated by parkinsonism (MSA-P). METHODS: In CSF of 31 patients with IPD, 19 patients with MSA-P, we analyzed tau, neurofilament light chain (NFL) and heavy chain (NFHp35) and the noradrenergic metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG). RESULTS: CSF levels of NFL, NFHp35, and tau were significantly increased in MSA-P (all p<0.0001), whereas, MHPG levels were significantly decreased in MSA-P (p<0.0001). Optimal discriminative cut-off values for the differentiation between MSA-P and IPD were calculated resulting in high sensitivity (76-94%) and specificity (83-97%) levels. Multivariate logistic regression resulted in the combination of NFL and tau as independent contributors in differentiating between MSA-P and IPD. DISCUSSION: Higher CSF levels of axonal biomarkers could reflect advanced axonal degeneration in MSA-P. Differentiating MSA-P from IPD could be accurately possible with CSF analysis of a combination of axonal and neurotransmitter biomarkers.
TI  - CSF neurofilament light chain and tau differentiate multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 747
SN  - 0197-4580
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 742
JF  - Neurobiology of Aging
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wassenaar, M.E.D.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/56030
TI  - Thematic role assignment in patients with Broca's aphasia : Sentencepicture matching electrified
EP  - 740
SN  - 0028-3932
IS  - iss. 43
SP  - 716
JF  - Neuropsychologia
VL  - vol. 45
PS  - 25 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.016
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53459
TI  - Guidelines for speech-language therapy in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 414
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. S3
SP  - 414
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52393
TI  - Development and evaluation of a swallowing severity questionnaire for Parkinson's disease (ROMP-swallowing).
EP  - 115
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. suppl. 2
SP  - S1
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.06.004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Duysens, J.E.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52504
TI  - Babinski, pseudo-Babinski, and dystonia.
EP  - 9; author reply 1209
SN  - 0003-9942
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1207
JF  - Archives of Neurology
VL  - vol. 64
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.8.1207
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.P.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52628
TI  - Too hot to handle: heat stroke in multiple system atrophy.
EP  - 665
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 664
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 254
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-006-0286-9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.P.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52649
AB  - In this review, we outline how the influence of cognitive processes on gait or balance can be appreciated in a clinical setting. Careful history taking of the patient or direct carer provides information about multiple task problems in daily life and the presence of cognitive impairment, depression or fear of falling. Physical examination may reveal abnormalities such as an inappropriately high walking speed or an inability to handle secondary tasks while walking. Assessment of frontal executive function helps to understand the nature of these multiple task problems and to detect "risky" behaviour caused by frontal disinhibition. Examples of clinically useable techniques include pressure-sensitive insoles or an electronic walkway (to record strides) or accelerometers (to measure body motion while walking). Combining these assessments may lead to a better appreciation of the fascinating but complex interplay between cognition and gait.
TI  - Assessing the interplay between cognition and gait in the clinical setting.
EP  - 1321
SN  - 0300-9564
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1315
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
VL  - vol. 114
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0781-x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Schoon, Y.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52061
TI  - Why old people fall (and how to stop them).
EP  - 171
SN  - 1474-7758
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 158
JF  - Practical Neurology
VL  - vol. 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boogaarts, H.D.
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52205
AB  - Psychogenic gait disorders can present in many different ways. Among patients with a pure psychogenic gait disorder, buckling of the knee is the most common feature, followed by astasia-abasia. Here, we describe one such patient with a very unusual gait disturbance that might be regarded as a variant of astasia-abasia. The patient characteristics are described and discussed in a historical context.
TI  - "Recumbent" gait: relationship to the phenotype of "astasia-abasia"?
EP  - 2122
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 14
SP  - 2121
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21716
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Schutte, P.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52285
TI  - Hydrocephalus induced chorea.
EP  - 1285
SN  - 0022-3050
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1284
JF  - Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
VL  - vol. 78
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.112128
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52354
TI  - Development and evaluation of a dysarthria severity questionnaire for Parkinson's disease (ROMP-speech).
EP  - 156
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. S1
SP  - 156
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Swart, B.J.M. de
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52355
TI  - Development and evaluation of a severity scale (DSFS-P) and questionnaire for drooling in Parkinson's disease (ROMP-saliva).
EP  - 115
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. S1
SP  - 115
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.07.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vingerhoets, R.A.A.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36682
TI  - Verticality perception during off-vertical axis rotation
EP  - 3268
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 3256
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 97
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01333.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vingerhoets, R.A.A.
AU  - Gisbergen, J.A.M. van
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36683
AB  - During prolonged rotation about a tilted yaw axis, often referred to as off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR), a percept of being translated along a conical path slowly emerges as the sense of rotation subsides. Recently, we found that these perceptual changes are consistent with a canal-otolith interaction model that attributes the illusory translation percept to improper interpretation of the ambiguous otolith signals. The model further predicts that the illusory translation percept must be accompanied by slowly worsening tilt underestimates. Here, we tested this prediction in six subjects by measuring the time course of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) during OVAR stimulation at three different tilt-rotation speed combinations, in complete darkness. Throughout the 2-min run, at each left-ear-down and right-ear-down position, the subject indicated whether a briefly flashed line deviated clockwise or counterclockwise from vertical to determine the SVV with an adaptive staircase procedure. Typically, SVV errors indicating tilt underestimation were already present at rotation onset and then increased exponentially to an asymptotic value, reached at about 60 s after rotation onset. The initial error in the SVV was highly correlated to the response error in a static tilt control experiment. The subsequent increase in error depended on both rotation speed and OVAR tilt angle, in a manner predicted by the canal-otolith interaction model. We conclude that verticality misjudgments during OVAR reflect a dynamic component linked to canal-otolith interaction, superimposed on a tilt-related component that is also expressed under stationary conditions.
TI  - Verticality perception during off-vertical axis rotation.
EP  - 3268
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 5
SP  - 3256
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 97
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01333.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gussenhoven, C.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/45061
TI  - S. Frota,Prosodies Berlin/New York:Mouton de Gruyter ,2005 978-3-11-018444-0
EP  - 91
SN  - 1645-4537
SP  - 83
JF  - Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
VL  - vol. 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51694
TI  - Liquoronderzoek in de differentiële diagnostiek van multipele systeematrofie.
EP  - 252
SN  - 1570-8306
IS  - iss. october
SP  - 250
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Klinische Chemie en Laboratoriumgeneeskunde
VL  - vol. 32
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Laat, K.F. de
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
AU  - Borm, G.F.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51913
AB  - BACKGROUND : To determine the diagnostic value of the clapping test, which has been proposed as a reliable measure to differentiate between progressive supranuclear palsy (where performance is impaired) and Parkinson's disease (where performance should be normal). METHODS : Our study group included a large cohort of consecutive outpatients including 44 patients with Parkinson's disease, 48 patients with various forms of atypical parkinsonism and 149 control subjects. All subjects performed the clapping test according to a standardized protocol. RESULTS : Clapping test performance was normal in all control subjects, and impaired in 63% of the patients with atypical parkinsonism. Unexpectedly, we also found an impaired clapping test in 29% of the patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION : Although the proportion with an abnormal clapping test was significantly higher in atypical parkinsonism, the clapping test did not discriminate well between Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism.
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of the clapping test in Parkinsonian disorders.
EP  - 1369
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1366
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 254
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-0551-6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.P.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Oyen, W.J.G.
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51914
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Striatal postsynaptic D2 receptors in Parkinson's disease (PD) are thought to be upregulated in the first years of the disease, especially contralateral to the clinically most affected side. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the highest striatal D2 binding is found contralateral to the most affected side in PD, and whether this upregulation can be used as a diagnostic tool. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 81 patients with clinically asymmetric PD, without antiparkinsonian drugs and with a disease duration of < or = 5 years and 26 age-matched controls. Striatal D2 binding was assessed with [123I]IBZM SPECT, and severity of the presynaptic dopaminergic lesion with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. RESULTS: The mean striato-occipital ratio of [123I]IBZM binding was significantly higher in PD patients (1.56 +/-0.09) than in controls (1.53 +/-0.06). In PD patients, higher values were found contralateral to the clinically most affected side (1.57 +/-0.09 vs 1.55 +/-0.10 ipsilaterally), suggesting D2 receptor upregulation, and the reverse was seen using [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. However, on an individual basis only 56% of PD patients showed this upregulation. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms asymmetric D2 receptor upregulation in PD. However, the sensitivity of contralateral higher striatal [123I]IBZM binding is only 56%. Therefore, the presence of contralateral higher striatal IBZM binding has insufficient diagnostic accuracy for PD, and PD cannot be excluded in patients with parkinsonism and no contralateral upregulation of D2 receptors, assessed with [123I]IBZM SPECT.
TI  - Diagnostic value of asymmetric striatal D2 receptor upregulation in Parkinson's disease: an [123I]IBZM and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT study.
EP  - 507
SN  - 1619-7070
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 502
JF  - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
VL  - vol. 34
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-006-0258-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vegt, J.P.M. van der
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.P.
AU  - Kappelle, A.C.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51959
TI  - De rol van aanvullend onderzoek bij de differentiële diagnostiek van parkinson syndromen.
EP  - 72
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 63
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 108
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/51959/51959.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vries, I.J.M. de
AU  - Bernsen, M.R.
AU  - Geloof, W. van
AU  - Scharenborg, N.M.
AU  - Lesterhuis, W.J.
AU  - Rombout, P.D.M.
AU  - Muijen, G.N.P. van
AU  - Figdor, C.G.
AU  - Punt, C.J.A.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Adema, G.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53002
AB  - Application of tetrameric MHC class I-peptide complexes has significantly improved the monitoring of antigen-specific T cell immune responses in mouse models as well as in clinical studies. Especially MHC class I tetramer analysis of tumor-specific T cells in suspension or on thick vibratome sections from viable tissue has been proven extremely useful. Using the well-characterized mouse tyrosinase-related-protein-2 specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clone LP9, we now developed a method that allows for specific identification of T cells with MHC class I tetramers in 8 mum thick, chemically fixed cryosections. The protocol was validated in a murine influenza virus-infection model. Moreover, analysis of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin biopsies from melanoma patients vaccinated with peptide-loaded mature dendritic cells, revealed the presence and location of anti-tumor CTLs. The specificity of the CTLs detected in situ correlated with both the DTH challenge specificity and reactivity of cell suspensions derived from the same biopsies. Collectively, our data demonstrate that in situ MHC class I tetramer staining provides a valuable tool to reveal the presence and anatomical location of specific CTLs in frozen tissue following immune-based treatment strategies in cancer patients.
TI  - In situ detection of antigen-specific T cells in cryo-sections using MHC class I tetramers after dendritic cell vaccination of melanoma patients.
EP  - 1676
SN  - 0340-7004
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1667
JF  - Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy
VL  - vol. 56
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-007-0304-5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horstink, M.W.I.M.
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53288
TI  - About the anti-Parkinson equivalency of levodopa and dopamine agonists.
EP  - 62
SN  - 0362-5664
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 60
JF  - Clinical Neuropharmacology
VL  - vol. 30
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.WNF.0000240952.26444.04
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blokx, W.A.M.
AU  - Dijk, M.C.R.F. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53299
TI  - Spitzoïde melanocytaire laesies: weinig consensus en veel controverses. Hoe krijgen we het spits?
EP  - 201
SN  - 0925-8604
SP  - 196
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Dermatologie & Venereologie
VL  - vol. 17
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knoop, H.
AU  - Stulemeijer, M.
AU  - Prins, J.B.
AU  - Meer, J.W.M. van der
AU  - Bleijenberg, G.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53419
AB  - Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently report chronic pain symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for CFS results in a reduction of fatigue, but is not aimed at pain symptoms. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a successful treatment of CFS can also lead to a reduction of pain. The second objective was to explore possible mechanisms of changes in pain. The third objective was to assess the predictive value of pain for treatment outcome. Data from two previous CBT studies were used, one of adult CFS patients (n=96) and one of adolescent CFS patients (n=32). Pain severity was assessed with a daily self-observation list at baseline and post-treatment. The location of pain in adults was assessed with the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Patients were divided into recovered and non-recovered groups. Recovery was defined as reaching a post-treatment level of fatigue within normal range. Recovered adult and adolescent CFS patients reported a significant reduction of pain severity compared to non-recovered patients. Recovered adult patients also had fewer pain locations following treatment. The decrease in fatigue predicted the change in pain severity. In adult patients, a higher pain severity at baseline was associated with a negative treatment outcome.
TI  - Is cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome also effective for pain symptoms?
EP  - 2043
SN  - 0005-7967
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 2034
JF  - Behaviour Research and Therapy
VL  - vol. 45
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voermans, N.C.
AU  - Schutte, P.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52233
TI  - Chorea veroorzaakt door hydrocefalus.
EP  - 338
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 334
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norden, A.G.W. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Leeuw, F.E. de
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51755
TI  - Risico op snelle algemene functionele achteruitgang bij oudere patiënten met ernstige cerebrale leeftijdsgerelateerde wittestofafwijkingen: de LADIS-studie.
EP  - 197
SN  - 1571-5930
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 195
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Neurologie & Neurochirurgie
VL  - vol. 108
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maris, E.G.G.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/35275
AB  - Many important questions in neuroscience are about interactions between neurons or neuronal groups. These interactions are often quantified by coherence, which is a frequency-indexed measure that quantifies the extent to which two signals exhibit a consistent phase relation. In this paper, we consider the statistical testing of the difference between coherence values observed in two experimental conditions. We pay special attention to problems induced by (1) unequal sample sizes and (2) the fact that coherence is typically evaluated at a large number of frequency bins and between large numbers of pairs of neurons or neuronal groups (the multiple comparisons problem). We show that nonparametric statistical tests provide convincing and elegant solutions for both problems. We also show that these tests allow to incorporate biophysically motivated constraints in the test statistic, which may drastically increase the sensitivity of the test. Finally, we explain why the nonparametric test is formally correct. This means that we formulate a null hypothesis (identical probability distribution in the different experimental conditions) and show that the nonparametric test controls the false alarm rate under this null hypothesis. The proposed methodology is illustrated by analyses of data collected in a study on cortico-spinal coherence [Schoffelen JM, Oostenveld R, Fries P. Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction. Science 2005;308(5718):111-3].
TI  - Nonparametric statistical testing of coherence differences
EP  - 175
SN  - 0165-0270
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 161
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
VL  - vol. 163
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.02.011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Giladi, N.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52253
AB  - Gait disorders are common and often devastating companions of ageing, leading to reductions in quality of life and increased mortality. Here, we present a clinically oriented approach to neurological gait disorders in the elderly population. We also draw attention to several exciting scientific developments in this specialty. Our first focus is on the complex and typically multifactorial pathophysiology underlying geriatric gait disorders. An important new insight is the recognition of gait as a complex higher order form of motor behaviour, with prominent and varied effects of mental processes. Another relevant message is that gait disorders are not an unpreventable consequence of ageing, but implicate the presence of underlying diseases that warrant specific diagnostic tests. We next discuss the core clinical features of common geriatric gait disorders and review some bedside tests to assess gait and balance. We conclude by proposing a practical three-step approach to categorise gait disorders and we present a simplified classification system based on clinical signs and symptoms.
TI  - Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: clinical approach and classification.
EP  - 74
SN  - 1474-4422
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 63
JF  - Lancet Neurology
VL  - vol. 6
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70678-0
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53243
AB  - Gait disorders are seen frequently and often have a neurological cause. The clinical management of patients presenting with a gait disorder is often complicated due to the large number of diseases that can cause a gait disorder and to the difficulties in interpreting a specific gait disorder properly. In addition, the currently available classification systems are confusing. Gait disorders can be classified into the following categories: antalgic, paretic-hypotonic, spastic, vestibular, ataxic, hypokinetic-rigid, cautious, or functional. A correct interpretation of the gait disorder is important as this determines the diseases to be considered, the auxilliary investigations that have to be carried out, and the selection of rational therapeutic options.
TI  - [Gait disorders due to neurological conditions]
J2  - Loopstoornissen door neurologische aandoeningen.
EP  - 400
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 395
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 151
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Scheffer, H.
AU  - Heutink, P.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53408
AB  - In recent years, 5 genes have been identified that are unambiguously associated with genetic forms of Parkinson's disease. These genes probably explain less than 10% of all cases of Parkinson's disease. Clinically, these genetic forms can closely resemble idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Mutation analysis could be considered in cases involving an age at onset before 45 years, a positive family history or atypical presentations. However, the role of genetic testing in clinical practice remains to be established. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex, abnormalities of the oxidative stress response and mitochondrial defects represent the three main disease mechanisms implicated in Parkinson's disease caused by these gene mutations. Further research is likely to contribute to the understanding and future treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
TI  - [Parkinson's disease(s): recent insight into genetic factors]
J2  - De ziekte(n) van Parkinson: recente genetische inzichten.
EP  - 1668
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 30
SP  - 1665
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 151
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Snijders, A.H.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51442
TI  - Loopstoornissen door neurologische aandoeningen [repliek nav ingezonden brief].
EP  - 994
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 17
SP  - 993
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 151
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visser, J.E.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51952
AB  - Progressive myoclonic ataxia, also referred to as Ramsay Hunt syndrome, is characterized by a combination of myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia, infrequently accompanied by tonic-clonic seizures. Its differential diagnosis overlaps with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, a syndrome with myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures, progressive ataxia and dementia. In patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, specific diseases can frequently be recognized, but the diagnostic yield in progressive myoclonic ataxia is much lower. We describe a patient who presented with multifocal myoclonus in his thirties and who later developed cerebellar ataxia and focal dystonia. His father was similarly affected. Genetic studies revealed a mutation in the protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG) gene, known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA-14). This case illustrates that both myoclonus and dystonia are part of the clinical spectrum in SCA-14 and that myoclonus can even be the presenting symptom. We suggest that SCA-14 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of progressive myoclonic ataxia.
TI  - PRKCG mutation (SCA-14) causing a Ramsay Hunt phenotype.
EP  - 1026
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 1024
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21414
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Warrenburg, B.P.C. van de
AU  - Kremer, H.P.H.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Verbeek, M.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52941
AB  - BACKGROUND: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) can clinically be divided into the cerebellar (MSA-C) and the parkinsonian (MSA-P) variants. It is unknown whether the variation in clinical expression is also reflected by a different underlying neurochemical profile. METHODS: We analyzed brain specific proteins and neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 26 patients with MSA-C and 19 with MSA-P. RESULTS: No differences were found between MSA-C and MSA-P. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the clinical and in part pathological distinction between the two clinical MSA phenotypes is not reflected by the neurochemical composition of CSF.
TI  - CSF biomarker profiles do not differentiate between the cerebellar and parkinsonian phenotypes of multiple system atrophy.
EP  - 482
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 480
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.02.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kusters, B.
AU  - Kats, G.
AU  - Roodink, I.
AU  - Verrijp, K.
AU  - Wesseling, P.
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
AU  - Waal, R.M.W. de
AU  - Leenders, W.P.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51895
AB  - How and why tumors metastasize is still a matter of debate. The assumption is that mutations render tumor cells with a metastatic phenotype, enabling entrance in and transport through lymph or blood vessels. Distant outgrowth is thought to occur only in a suitable microenvironment (the seed and soil hypothesis). However, the anatomical location of most metastases in cancer patients suggests entrapment of tumor cells in the first microcapillary bed that is encountered. We here investigated how vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) attributes to the metastatic process. We describe here that VEGF-A enhances spontaneous metastasis by inducing intravasation of heterogeneous tumor cell clusters, surrounded by vessel wall elements, via an invasion-independent mechanism. These tumor clusters generate metastatic tissue embolisms in pulmonary arteries. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the antiangiogenic compound ZD6474 prevented the development of this metastatic phenotype. This work shows that tumors with high constitutive VEGF-A expression metastasize via the formation of tumor emboli and provides an alternative rationale for anti-VEGF-A therapy, namely to inhibit metastasis formation.
TI  - Micronodular transformation as a novel mechanism of VEGF-A-induced metastasis.
EP  - 5815
SN  - 0950-9232
IS  - iss. 39
SP  - 5808
JF  - Oncogene
VL  - vol. 26
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210360
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Smit, A.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Zwarts, M.J.
AU  - Mulleners, W.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52875
AB  - Drooling is a common and incapacitating problem in Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) into the parotid glands seems beneficial. Injection of the submandibular glands may also be effective since these produce 70% of the daily unstimulated saliva. We randomly allocated patients to BoNT injections into the submandibular glands or the parotid glands. Within-group improvements were significant for the submandibular group, but not for the parotid group. Between-group differences showed a trend towards superiority for the submandibular group. Injecting the submandibular glands instead of the parotid glands seems a promising approach, and larger studies are justified.
TI  - Botulinum toxin A for drooling in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study to compare submandibular to parotid gland injections.
EP  - 534
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 532
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.01.007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Smit, A.M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Zwarts, M.J.
AU  - Munneke, M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52925
AB  - Drooling is a well known problem in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and consequences of drooling in PD. A comprehensive drooling questionnaire was sent to 105 PD outpatients, who had volunteered drooling during a previous questionnaire (n = 216). Among 63 patients who responded and confirmed drooling, 27% experienced severe saliva loss. Social and emotional consequences were reported by 17% to 77% of patients, and significantly more often by those with severe drooling. We conclude that drooling is a frequent, disabling and apparently undertreated symptom of PD. History taking ought to be detailed and specific to understand the full impact of drooling for an individual patient. Therapeutic options should be evaluated more intensively.
TI  - Impact of drooling in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - 1232
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1227
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 254
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-0508-9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Overeem, S.
AU  - Afink, J.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Lammers, G.J.
AU  - Zwarts, M.J.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Dijk, J.K. Van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53462
TI  - High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex: No diagnostic value for narcolepsy/cataplexy
EP  - 1461
SN  - 0340-5354
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1459
JF  - Journal of Neurology
VL  - vol. 254
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-0562-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kempen, L.C.L.T. van
AU  - Muijen, G.N.P. van
AU  - Ruiter, D.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53689
TI  - Melanoma progression in a changing environment.
EP  - 67
SN  - 0171-9335
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 65
JF  - European Journal of Cell Biology
VL  - vol. 86
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.12.001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haaxma, C.A.
AU  - Eijk, J.J.J. van
AU  - Vilet, A.M. van der
AU  - Renier, W.O.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52841
AB  - A 40-year-old, previously healthy man presented with a subacute coordination disorder and intermittent paraesthesias of the right arm that had begun several months before and had disappeared spontaneously within a few weeks. Neurological examination showed a mildly flattened nasolabial fold on the right side and subtle hypertonia of the right arm. A CT-scan of the brain revealed calcifications in the left caudate nucleus and putamen. Cerebral MRI showed markedly enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces bilaterally in the basal ganglia and extensive periventricular white matter lesions. The differential diagnosis of these radiological findings included carbon monoxide intoxication. Ancillary investigations excluded other causes for the radiological abnormalities, and a defective gas stove that produced carbon monoxide was found in the patient's house. Although carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively rare in the Netherlands, it remains important to be alert to the possibility of such exposure. Radiological findings, notably bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia, may point in the direction of the proper diagnosis.
TI  - [Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia as a sign of chronic carbon monoxide intoxication]
J2  - Bilaterale laesies van de basale ganglia als aanwijzing voor een chronische koolmonoxide-intoxicatie.
EP  - 873
SN  - 0028-2162
IS  - iss. 15
SP  - 868
JF  - Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - vol. 151
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Broekhoven, F. van
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Backstrom, T.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52610
AB  - Progesterone, or rather its neuroactive metabolite allopregnanolone, modulates amygdala activity and thereby influences anxiety. Cognition and, in particular, memory are also altered by allopregnanolone. In the present study, we investigated whether allopregnanolone modulates memory for biologically salient stimuli by influencing amygdala activity, which in turn may affect neural processes in other brain regions. A single progesterone dose was administered orally to healthy young women in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, and participants were asked to memorize and recognize faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Progesterone decreased recognition accuracy without affecting reaction times. The imaging results show that the amygdala, hippocampus, and fusiform gyrus supported memory formation. Importantly, progesterone decreased responses to faces in the amygdala and fusiform gyrus during memory encoding, whereas it increased hippocampal responses. The progesterone-induced decrease in neural activity in the amygdala and fusiform gyrus predicted the decrease in memory performance across subjects. However, progesterone did not modulate the differential activation between subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten faces in these areas. A similar pattern of results was observed in the fusiform gyrus and prefrontal cortex during memory retrieval. These results suggest that allopregnanolone impairs memory by reducing the recruitment of those brain regions that support memory formation and retrieval. Given the important role of the amygdala in the modulation of memory, these results suggest that allopregnanolone alters memory by influencing amygdala activity, which in turn may affect memory processes in other brain regions.
TI  - How progesterone impairs memory for biologically salient stimuli in healthy young women.
EP  - 11423
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 42
SP  - 11416
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 27
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1715-07.2007
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/52610/52610.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groen, W.B.
AU  - Swinkels, S.H.N.
AU  - Gaag, R.J. van der
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52172
TI  - Finding effective screening instruments for autism using bayes theorem.
EP  - 416
SN  - 1072-4710
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 415
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
VL  - vol. 161
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.4.415
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Allen, S.
AU  - Furman, R.
AU  - Brown, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44273
PB  - Amsterdam : John Benjamins
TI  - How does linguistic framing influence co-speech gestures? Insights from crosslinguistic differences and similarities
EP  - 219
SN  - 9789027222404
SP  - 199
CT  - Liebal, K.; Mueller, C.; Pika, S. (ed.), Gestural communication in nonhuman and human primates
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, S.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Brown, A.
AU  - Furman, R.
AU  - Ishizuka, T.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44375
TI  - Language-specific and universal influences in children's packaging of manner and path: A comparison of English, Japanese, and Turkish
EP  - 48
SN  - 0010-0277
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 16
JF  - Cognition
VL  - vol. 102
PS  - 33 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.12.006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Allen, S.
AU  - Brown, A.
AU  - Furman, R.
AU  - Ishizuka, T.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44604
TI  - Relations between syntactic encoding and co-speech gestures: Implications for a model of speech and gesture production
EP  - 1236
SN  - 0169-0965
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 1212
JF  - Language and Cognitive Processes
VL  - vol. 22
PS  - 24 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960701461426
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Furman, R.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44046
TI  - Development of interactional discourse markers :Insights from Turkish children's and adults' narratives
EP  - 1757
SN  - 0378-2166
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1742
JF  - Journal of Pragmatics
VL  - vol. 29
PS  - 16 p.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingen, G.A. van
AU  - Broekhoven, F. van
AU  - Verkes, R.J.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Bäckström, T.
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115413
TI  - How progesterone impairs memory for biologically salient stimuli in healthy young women
EP  - 11423
SN  - 0270-6474
IS  - iss. 42
SP  - 11416
JF  - The Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 27
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1715-07.2007
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/115413/115413.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larsen, R.A.
AU  - Bauer, M.
AU  - Brouwer, A.E.
AU  - Sanchez, A.
AU  - Thomas, A.M.
AU  - Rajanuwong, A.
AU  - Chierakul, W.
AU  - Peacock, S.
AU  - Day, N.
AU  - White, N.J.
AU  - Rinaldi, M.G.
AU  - Harrison, T.S.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53029
TI  - In vitro-clinical correlations for amphotericin B susceptibility in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
EP  - 345
SN  - 0066-4804
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 343
JF  - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
VL  - vol. 51
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00742-06
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/53029/53029.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
AU  - Koornneef, A.W.
AU  - Otten, M.
AU  - Nieuwland, M.S.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196033
TI  - Establishing reference in language comprehension: An electrophysiological perspective
EP  - 171
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 158
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1146
PS  - 14 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.091
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nieuwland, M.S.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/196034
TI  - On sense and reference: Examining the functional neuroanatomy of referential processing
EP  - 1004
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 993
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 37
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.048
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takashima, A.
AU  - Nieuwenhuis, I.L.C.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53452
AB  - Spaced learning with time to consolidate leads to more stabile memory traces. However, little is known about the neural correlates of trace stabilization, especially in humans. The present fMRI study contrasted retrieval activity of two well-learned sets of face-location associations, one learned in a massed style and tested on the day of learning (i.e., labile condition) and another learned in a spaced scheme over the course of one week (i.e., stabilized condition). Both sets of associations were retrieved equally well, but the retrieval of stabilized association was faster and accompanied by large-scale changes in the network supporting retrieval. Cued recall of stabilized as compared with labile associations was accompanied by increased activity in the precuneus, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the bilateral temporal pole, and left temporo-parietal junction. Conversely, memory representational areas such as the fusiform gyrus for faces and the posterior parietal cortex for locations did not change their activity with stabilization. The changes in activation in the precuneus, which also showed increased connectivity with the fusiform area, are likely to be related to the spatial nature of our task. The activation increase in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, might reflect a general function in stabilized memory retrieval. This area might succeed the hippocampus in linking distributed neocortical representations.
TI  - Memory trace stabilization leads to large-scale changes in the retrieval network: a functional MRI study on associative memory.
EP  - 479
SN  - 1072-0502
IS  - iss. 7
SP  - 472
JF  - Learning & Memory
VL  - vol. 14
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.605607
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hagoort, P.
AU  - Berkum, J.J.A. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/55520
TI  - Beyond the sentence given
EP  - 812
SN  - 0962-8436
IS  - iss. 1481
SP  - 801
JF  - Philosophical Transactions - Royal Society. Biological Sciences
VL  - vol. 362
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2089
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.P.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52488
AB  - In this review, we discuss the contribution of functional neuroimaging to the understanding of the cerebral control of gait in humans, both in healthy subjects and in patients with Parkinson's disease. We illustrate different approaches that have been used to address this issue, ranging from the imaging of actual gait performance to the study of initiation and imagery of gait. We also consider related approaches focused on specific aspects of gait, like those addressed by repetitive foot movements. We provide a critical discussion of advantages and disadvantages of each approach, emphasizing crucial issues to be addressed for a better understanding of the neural control of human gait.
TI  - Recent advances in functional neuroimaging of gait.
EP  - 1331
SN  - 0300-9564
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1323
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
VL  - vol. 114
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0783-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Verstappen, C.C.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115446
TI  - Recent advances in functional neuroimaging of gait.
EP  - 1331.
SN  - 0300-9564
SP  - 1323
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
VL  - vol. 114
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0783-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Weis, S.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53259
AB  - The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is crucial for declarative memory formation, but the function of its subcomponents in associative memory formation remains controversial. Most functional imaging studies on this topic are based on a stepwise approach comparing a condition with and one without associative encoding. Extending this approach we applied additionally a parametric analysis by varying the amount of associative memory formation. We found a hippocampal subsequent memory effect of almost similar magnitude regardless of the amount of associations formed. By contrast, subsequent memory effects in rhinal and parahippocampal cortices were parametrically and positively modulated by the amount of associations formed. Our results indicate that the parahippocampal region supports associative memory formation as tested here and the hippocampus adds a general mnemonic operation. This pattern of results might suggest a new interpretation. Instead of having either a fixed division of labor between the hippocampus (associative memory formation) and the rhinal cortex (non-associative memory formation) or a functionally unitary MTL system, in which all substructures are contributing to memory formation in a similar way, we propose that the location where associations are formed within the MTL depends on the kind of associations bound: If visual single-dimension associations, as used here, can already be integrated within the parahippocampal region, the hippocampus might add a general purpose mnemonic operation only. In contrast, if associations have to be formed across widely distributed neocortical representations, the hippocampus may provide a binding operation in order to establish a coherent memory.
TI  - Probing the neural correlates of associative memory formation: a parametrically analyzed event-related functional MRI study.
EP  - 168
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 159
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1142
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.040
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tendolkar, I.
AU  - Arnold, J.F.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Weis, S.
AU  - Brockhaus-Dumke, A.
AU  - Eijndhoven, P.F.P. van
AU  - Buitelaar, J.K.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115443
TI  - Probing the neural correlates of associative memory formation: a parametrically analyzed event-related functional MRI study
EP  - 168
SN  - 0006-8993
SP  - 159
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1142:
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.040
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fonteijn, H.M.
AU  - Verstraten, F.A.J.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/183338
AB  - Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging MRI) and especially diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have proven to be useful for the characterization of the microstructure of brain white matter structures in vivo. However, DTI suffers from a number of limitations in characterizing more complex situations. The most notable problem occurs when multiple fibre bundles are present within a voxel. In this paper, we have expanded the existing Q-ball imaging method to a Bayesian framework in order to fully characterize the uncertainty around the fibre directions, given the quality of the data. We have done this by using a recently proposed spherical harmonics decomposition of the diffusion-weighted signal and the resulting Q-ball orientation distribution function. Moreover, we have incorporated a model selection procedure which determines the appropriate smoothness of the orientation distribution function from the data. We show by simulation that our framework can indeed characterize the posterior probability of the fibre directions in cases with multiple fibre populations per voxel and have provided examples of the algorithm's performance on real data where this situation is known to occur.
TI  - Probabilistic inference on Q-ball imaging data
EP  - 1524
SN  - 0278-0062
IS  - iss. 11
SP  - 1515
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
VL  - vol. 26
PS  - 10 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2007.907297
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Leeuwen, T.M. van
AU  - Lamers, M.J.A.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Gussenhoven, C.
AU  - Rietveld, T.
AU  - Poster, B.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44582
PB  - [S.l. : s.n.]
TI  - Prosody and information structure: An fMRI study
EP  - E83, 175
SP  - E83, 175
CT  - 16th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society
N1  - 8 mei 2007
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Kita, S.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44510
AB  - During language comprehension, listeners use the global semantic representation from previous sentence or discourse context to immediately integrate the meaning of each upcoming word into the unfolding message-level representation. Here we investigate whether communicative gestures that often spontaneously co-occur with speech are processed in a similar fashion and integrated to previous sentence context in the same way as lexical meaning. Event-related potentials were measured while subjects listened to spoken sentences with a critical verb (e.g., knock), which was accompanied by an iconic co-speech gesture (i.e., KNOCK). Verbal and/or gestural semantic content matched or mismatched the content of the preceding part of the sentence. Despite the difference in the modality and in the specificity of meaning conveyed by spoken words and gestures, the latency, amplitude, and topographical distribution of both word and gesture mismatches are found to be similar, indicating that the brain integrates both types of information simultaneously. This provides evidence for the claim that neural processing in language comprehension involves the simultaneous incorporation of information coming from a broader domain of cognition than only verbal semantics. The neural evidence for similar integration of information from speech and gesture emphasizes the tight interconnection between speech and co-speech gestures.
TI  - Online integration of information from speech and gesture: Insights from event related potentials
EP  - 616
SN  - 0898-929X
IS  - iss. 4
SP  - 605
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 19
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.4.605
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/44510/44510.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willems, R.M.
AU  - Özyürek, A.
AU  - Hagoort, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44947
TI  - When language meets action: The neural integration of  gesture and speech
EP  - 2333
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2322
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 17
PS  - 12 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl141
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Piekema, C.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Han, B.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115444
TI  - Probing the transformation of discontinuous associations into episodic memory: An event-related fMRI study
EP  - 222
SN  - 1053-8119
SP  - 212
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, S.
AU  - Piekema, C.
AU  - Petersson, K.M.
AU  - Han, B.
AU  - Luo, J.
AU  - Fernandez, G.S.E.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53260
AB  - Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified brain regions involved in storing associations of events discontinuous in time into long-term memory. Participants were scanned while memorizing item-triplets including simultaneous and discontinuous associations. Subsequent memory tests showed that participants remembered both types of associations equally well. First, by constructing the contrast between the subsequent memory effects for discontinuous associations and simultaneous associations, we identified the left posterior parahippocampal region, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, posterior midline structures, and the middle temporal gyrus as being specifically involved in transforming discontinuous associations into episodic memory. Second, we replicated that the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) especially the hippocampus are involved in associative memory formation in general. Our findings provide evidence for distinct neural operation(s) that supports the binding and storing discontinuous associations in memory. We suggest that top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex and MTL may trigger reactivation of internal representation in posterior midline structures of the first event, thus allowing it to be associated with the second event. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex together with basal ganglia may support this encoding operation by executive and binding processes within working memory, and the posterior parahippocampal region may play a role in binding and memory formation.
TI  - Probing the transformation of discontinuous associations into episodic memory: an event-related fMRI study.
EP  - 222
SN  - 1053-8119
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 212
JF  - NeuroImage
VL  - vol. 38
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kooij, H. van der
AU  - Asseldonk, E.H.F. van
AU  - Geelen, J.M.
AU  - Vugt, J.P.A. van
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/52344
AB  - Cognitive processes can influence balance in various ways, but not all changes in postural performance can easily be identified with the naked clinical eye. Various studies have shown that dynamic posturography is able to detect more subtle changes in balance control. For patients with Parkinson's disease (which is typically an asymmetric disease), changes in the symmetry of balance control might provide a sensitive measure of cognitive influences on balance. Here, we describe a new posturography technique that combines dynamic platform perturbations with system identification techniques to detect such asymmetries in balance control of two patients with Parkinson's disease. Results were compared to those of six healthy controls. Our pilot data show clear asymmetries in dynamic balance control, even though patients themselves were not aware of this and had no subjective problems with stability or standing. We also found asymmetries in weight bearing, but the asymmetries in dynamic balance contribution were larger. Finally, asymmetries in weight bearing and dynamic balance in patients were not tightly coupled as in healthy controls. Future studies could incorporate this approach when examining the influence of mental decline on postural regulation.
TI  - Detecting asymmetries in balance control with system identification: first experimental results from Parkinson patients.
EP  - 1337
SN  - 0300-9564
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 1333
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
VL  - vol. 114
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0801-x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115449
AB  - Attention selectively enhances the influence of neuronal responses conveying information about relevant sensory attributes. Accumulating evidence suggests that this selective neuronal modulation relies on rhythmic synchronization at local and long-range spatial scales: attention selectively synchronizes the rhythmic responses of those neurons that are tuned to the spatial and featural attributes of the attended sensory input. The strength of synchronization is thereby functionally related to perceptual accuracy and behavioural efficiency. Complementing this synchronization at a local level, attention has recently been demonstrated to regulate which locally synchronized neuronal groups phase-synchronize their rhythmic activity across long-range connections. These results point to a general computational role for selective synchronization in dynamically controlling which neurons communicate information about sensory inputs effectively.
TI  - The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
EP  - 160
SN  - 0959-4388
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 154
JF  - Current Opinion in Neurobiology
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuenen, B.F.L. van
AU  - Wohlgemuth, M.
AU  - Wong-Chung, R.E.
AU  - Abdo, W.F.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53696
AB  - Psychogenic movement disorders are common in everyday neurological practice, comprising up to 25% of the patient population in movement disorders clinics. The diagnosis is often difficult, as is illustrated by the high proportion of patients with an organic neurological disease whose movement disorder is misdiagnosed as psychogenic. Here, we describe a woman with a longstanding and treatment-resistant psychogenic movement disorder that responded dramatically to acupuncture. The diagnostic and therapeutic merits of acupuncture are discussed.
TI  - Acupuncture for psychogenic movement disorders: Treatment or diagnostic tool?
EP  - 1355
SN  - 0885-3185
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 1353
JF  - Movement Disorders
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21467
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nijkrake, M.J.
AU  - Keus, S.H.J.
AU  - Kalf, J.G.
AU  - Sturkenboom, I.H.W.M.
AU  - Munneke, M.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53414
TI  - Allied health care interventions and complementary therapies in Parkinson's disease.
EP  - S494
SN  - 1353-8020
IS  - iss. S3
SP  - S488
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
VL  - vol. 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8020(08)70054-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chwilla, D.J.
AU  - Kolk, H.H.J.
AU  - Vissers, C.T.W.M.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44290
AB  - A substantial part of language understanding depends on our previous experiences, but part of it consists of the creation of new meanings. Such new meanings cannot be retrieved from memory but still have to be constructed. The goals of this article were: first, to explore the nature of new meaning creation, and second, to test abstract symbol theories against embodied theories of meaning. We presented context-setting sentences followed by a test sentence to which ERPs were recorded that described a novel sensible or novel senseless situation (e.g., "The boys searched for branches/bushes [sensible/senseless] with which they went drumming..."). Novel sensible contexts that were not associatively nor semantically related were matched to novel senseless contexts in terms of familiarity and semantic similarity by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Abstract symbol theories like LSA cannot explain facilitation for novel sensible situations, whereas the embodied theory of Glenberg and Robertson [Glenberg, A.M., Robertson, D.A., 2000. Symbol grounding and meaning: A comparison of high-dimensional and embodied theories of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 379-401.] in which meaning is grounded in perception and action can account for facilitation. Experiment 1 revealed an N400 effect in a sensibility judgment task. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this effect generalizes to a situation in which participants read for comprehension. Our findings support the following conclusions: First, participants can establish new meanings not stored in memory. Second, this is the first ERP study that shows that N400 is sensitive to new meanings and that these are created immediately - that is, in the same time frame as associative and semantic relations. Third, our N400 effects support embodied theories of meaning and challenge abstract symbol theories that can only discover meaningfulness by consulting stored symbolic knowledge.
TI  - Immediate integration of novel meanings: N400 support for an embodied view of language comprehension.
EP  - 123
SN  - 0006-8993
IS  - iss. 5 december 2007
SP  - 109
JF  - Brain Research
VL  - vol. 1183
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vissers, C.T.W.M.
AU  - Chwilla, D.J.
AU  - Kolk, H.H.J.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/44828
AB  - Semantic anomalies like "the fox that hunted the poacher" elicit P600 effects. Kolk et al. [Kolk, H.J., Chwilla, D.J., Van Herten, M., Oor, P.J.W., 2003. Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: a study with event related potentials. Brain and language, 85(1), 1-36] proposed that this P600 effect is triggered by a conflict between the outcome of a lexical strategy with that of the parsing routine. Specifically, when the lexical strategy indicates that the poacher hunted the fox, the full parse leads to the conclusion that the fox was the one who did the hunting. We tested this hypothesis by replicating the study cited above but manipulating the context by means of instruction. Participants were informed that semantic anomalies were created on purpose and that they should not be misled by these anomalies but instead focus on syntax or sentence structure. This instruction led to a strong reduction in P600 effect. This result supports the view that expectations play an important role in the generation of P600 effects to semantic anomalies, as proposed by Kolk et al. [Kolk, H.J., Chwilla, D.J., Van Herten, M., Oor, P.J.W., 2003. Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: a study with event related potentials. Brain and language, 85(1), 1-36].
TI  - The interplay of heuristics and parsing routines in sentence comprehension: evidence from ERPs and reaction times.
EP  - 18
SN  - 0301-0511
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 8
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 75
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.10.004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roelofs, K.
AU  - Bakvis, P.
AU  - Hermans, E.J.
AU  - Pelt, J. van
AU  - Honk, E.J. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51457
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of social stress and stress-induced cortisol on the preconscious selective attention to social threat. Twenty healthy participants were administered a masked emotional Stroop task (comparing color-naming latencies for angry, neutral and happy faces) in conditions of rest and social stress. Stress was induced by means of the Trier social stress test. Based on the stress-induced increase in cortisol levels, participants were allocated post hoc (median-split) to a high and low responders group. In contrast to low responders, high responders showed a negative or avoidant attentional bias to threat (i.e. shorter latencies for angry than neutral faces) in the rest condition. Most importantly, although low responders became avoidant, the high responders became vigilant to the angry faces after stress induction. There were no such effects for happy faces. Our findings are in line with previous studies in both animals and humans, that associate high glucocorticoid stress-responsiveness with diminished avoidance and prolonged freezing reactions during stress.
TI  - The effects of social stress and cortisol responses on the preconscious selective attention to social threat.
EP  - 7
SN  - 0301-0511
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 1
JF  - Biological Psychology
VL  - vol. 75
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.09.002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurk, P. van den
AU  - Mars, R.B.
AU  - Elswijk, G.A.F. van
AU  - Hegeman, J.
AU  - Pasman, J.W.
AU  - Bloem, B.R.
AU  - Toni, I.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/53362
AB  - Flexible behavior requires the ability to delay a response until it is appropriate. This can be achieved by holding either a sensory or a motor representation online. Here we assess whether maintenance of sensory or motor material drives the motor system to different functional states, as indexed by alterations of corticospinal excitability. We used single-pulse TMS to measure corticospinal excitability evoked during the delay period of a novel paradigm in which task contingencies, rather than explicit verbal instructions, induced participants to use either sensory or motor codes to solve a delay-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task. This approach allowed us to probe the state of the motor system while the participants were retaining either sensory or motor codes to cross the delay period, rather than the control of short-term storage driven by verbal instructions. When participants could prepare the movement in advance (preparation trials), the excitability of the motor cortex contralateral to the moving hand increased, whereas the excitability of the ipsilateral motor cortex decreased. The increase in excitability was confined to the prime mover, whereas the decrease in excitability extended to cortical territories controlling muscles unrelated to the response. Crucially, these changes in excitability were evoked only during preparation trials and not during trials in which subjects needed to maintain sensory items online (memory trials). We infer that short-term storage of sensory information and preparation of motor responses have differential and specific access to the output stage of the motor system.
TI  - Online maintenance of sensory and motor representations: effects on corticospinal excitability.
EP  - 1648
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 1642
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 97
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01005.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Donner, T.H.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/115402
AB  - A central goal in systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes the intensity of sensory features. We used whole-head magnetoencephalography to investigate whether frequency-specific neuronal activity in the human visual cortex is systematically modulated by the intensity of an elementary sensory feature such as visual motion. Visual stimulation induced a tonic increase of neuronal activity at frequencies above 50 Hz. In order to define a functional frequency band of neuronal activity, we parametrically investigated which frequency band displays the strongest monotonic increase of responses with strength of visual motion. Consistently in all investigated subjects, this analysis resulted in a functional frequency band in the high gamma range from about 60 to 100 Hz in which activity reliably increased with visual motion strength. Using distributed source reconstruction, we found that this increase of high-frequency neuronal activity originates from several extrastriate cortical regions specialized in motion processing. We conclude that high-frequency activity in the human visual motion pathway may be relevant for encoding the intensity of visual motion signals.
TI  - High-frequency activity in human visual cortex is modulated by visual motion strength.
EP  - 741
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 732
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhk025
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Singer, W.
AU  - Desimone, R.
AU  - Engel, A.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/34456
TI  - Modulation of Neuronal Interactions Through Neuronal Synchronization.
EP  - 1612
SN  - 0036-8075
IS  - iss. pt. 5831
SP  - 1609
JF  - Science
VL  - vol. 316
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139597
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Womelsdorf, T.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Singer, W.
AU  - Desimone, R.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/34457
AB  - Brain processing depends on the interactions between neuronal groups. Those interactions are governed by the pattern of anatomical connections and by yet unknown mechanisms that modulate the effective strength of a given connection. We found that the mutual influence among neuronal groups depends on the phase relation between rhythmic activities within the groups. Phase relations supporting interactions between the groups preceded those interactions by a few milliseconds, consistent with a mechanistic role. These effects were specific in time, frequency, and space, and we therefore propose that the pattern of synchronization flexibly determines the pattern of neuronal interactions.
TI  - Modulation of neuronal interactions through neuronal synchronization.
EP  - 1612
SN  - 0036-8075
IS  - iss. 5831
SP  - 1609
JF  - Science
VL  - vol. 316
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139597
ER  - 
TY  - CONF
AU  - Hesse, C.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Heskes, T.M.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/35252
PB  - Washington : IEEE
TI  - On the development of a brain--computer interface system using high--density magnetoencephalogram signals for real--time control of a robot arm
CT  - Annual Symposium of the IEEE--EMBS Benelux Chapter
PS  - 4 p.
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/35252/35252.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuladhar, A.M.
AU  - Huurne, N.P. ter
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Maris, E.G.G.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Jensen, O.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36298
AB  - The role of oscillatory alpha activity (8-13 Hz) in cognitive processing remains an open question. It has been debated whether alpha activity plays a direct role in the neuronal processing required for a given task or whether it reflects idling and/or functional inhibition. Recent electroencephalography (EEG) studies have demonstrated that alpha activity increases parametrically with load during retention in working memory paradigms. While it is known that the parieto-occipital cortex is involved in the generation of the spontaneous alpha oscillations, it remains unknown where the sources of the memory-dependent alpha activity are located. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) from human subjects performing a Sternberg memory task where faces were used as stimuli. Spectral analysis revealed a parametric increase in alpha activity with memory load over posterior brain areas. We then applied a source reconstruction technique that allowed us to map the parametric increase in alpha activity to the anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images of the subject. The primary sources of the memory-dependent alpha activity were in the vicinity of the parieto-occipital sulcus. This region is not directly involved in working memory maintenance of faces. Our findings are consistent with the notion that alpha activity reflects disengagement or inhibition of the visual dorsal stream. We propose that the disengagement reflected in alpha power serves to suppress visual input in order to devote resources to structures responsible for working memory maintenance
TI  - Parieto-occipital sources account for the increase in alpha activity with working memory load
EP  - 792
SN  - 1065-9471
IS  - iss. 8
SP  - 785
JF  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - vol. 28
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20306
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Donner, T.H.
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Bauer, M.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36337
AB  - A person's ability to detect a weak visual target stimulus varies from one viewing to the next. We tested whether the trial-to-trial fluctuations of neural population activity in the human brain are related to the fluctuations of behavioral performance in a "yes-no" visual motion-detection task. We recorded neural population activity with whole head magnetoencephalography (MEG) while subjects searched for a weak coherent motion signal embedded in spatiotemporal noise. We found that, during motion viewing, MEG activity in the 12- to 24-Hz ("beta") frequency range is higher, on average, before correct behavioral choices than before errors and that it predicts correct choices on a trial-by-trial basis. This performance-predictive activity is not evident in the prestimulus baseline and builds up slowly after stimulus onset. Source reconstruction revealed that the performance-predictive activity is expressed in the posterior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and, less strongly, in the visual motion-sensitive area MT+. The 12- to 24-Hz activity in these key stages of the human dorsal visual pathway is correlated with behavioral choice in both target-present and target-absent conditions. Importantly, in the absence of the target, 12- to 24-Hz activity tends to be higher before "no" choices ("correct rejects") than before "yes" choices ("false alarms"). It thus predicts the accuracy, and not the content, of subjects' upcoming perceptual reports. We conclude that beta band activity in the human dorsal visual pathway indexes, and potentially controls, the efficiency of neural computations underlying simple perceptual decisions.
TI  - Population activity in the human dorsal pathway predicts the accuracy of visual motion detection.
EP  - 359
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 345
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 98
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01141.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Donner, T.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/34675
AB  - A central goal in systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes the intensity of sensory features. We used whole-head magnetoencephalography to investigate whether frequency-specific neuronal activity in the human visual cortex is systematically modulated by the intensity of an elementary sensory feature such as visual motion. Visual stimulation induced a tonic increase of neuronal activity at frequencies above 50 Hz. In order to define a functional frequency band of neuronal activity, we parametrically investigated which frequency band displays the strongest monotonic increase of responses with strength of visual motion. Consistently in all investigated subjects, this analysis resulted in a functional frequency band in the high gamma range from about 60 to 100 Hz in which activity reliably increased with visual motion strength. Using distributed source reconstruction, we found that this increase of high-frequency neuronal activity originates from several extrastriate cortical regions specialized in motion processing. We conclude that high-frequency activity in the human visual motion pathway may be relevant for encoding the intensity of visual motion signals.
TI  - High-frequency activity in human visual cortex is modulated by visual motion strength.
EP  - 741
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 3
SP  - 732
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhk025
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/34675/34675.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Kramer, G.F.I.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36279
AB  - We applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record oscillatory brain activity from human subjects engaged in planning a double-step saccade. In the experiments, subjects (n = 8) remembered the locations of 2 sequentially flashed targets (each followed by a 2-s delay), presented in either the left or right visual hemifield, and then made saccades to the 2 locations in sequence. We examined changes in spectral power in relation to target location (left or right) and memory load (one or two targets), excluding error trials based on concurrent eye tracking. During the delay period following the first target, power in the alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-25 Hz) bands was significantly suppressed in the hemisphere contralateral to the target. When the second target was presented, there was a further suppression in the alpha- and beta-band power over both hemispheres. In this period, the same sensors also showed contralateral power enhancements in the gamma band (60-90 Hz), most significantly prior to the initiation of the saccades. Adaptive spatial filtering techniques localized the neural sources of the directionally selective power changes in parieto-occipital areas. These results provide further support for a topographic organization for delayed saccades in human parietal and occipital cortex.
TI  - Oscillatory activity in human parietal and occipital cortex shows hemispheric lateralization and memory effects in a delayed double-step saccade task.
EP  - 2374
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2364
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl145
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/36279/36279.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Donner, T.
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Bauer, M.
AU  - Engel, A.K.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36336
TI  - Population activity in the human dorsal pathway predicts the accuracy of visual motion detection
EP  - 359
SN  - 0022-3077
IS  - iss. 1
SP  - 345
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
VL  - vol. 98
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01141.2006
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medendorp, W.P.
AU  - Kramer, G.F.I.
AU  - Jensen, O.
AU  - Oostenveld, R.
AU  - Schoffelen, J.M.
AU  - Fries, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/36276
TI  - Oscillatory Activity in Human Parietal and Occipital Cortex Shows Hemispheric Lateralization and Memory Effects in a Delayed Double-Step Saccade Task
EP  - -2374
SN  - 1047-3211
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2364
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
VL  - vol. 17
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl145
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/36276/36276.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parkes, L.M.
AU  - Lange, F.P. de
AU  - Fries, P.
AU  - Toni, I.
AU  - Norris, D.G.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/56253
AB  - The ability to directly detect neuronal magnetic fields by MRI would help investigators achieve the holy grail of neuroimaging, namely both high spatial and temporal resolution. Both positive and negative findings have been reported in the literature, with no clear consensus as to the feasibility of direct detection. The aim of this study was to replicate one of the most promising published in vivo results. A second aim was to investigate the use of steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs), which give a large evoked response and offer a well-controlled approach because the frequency of the neuronal response can be dictated by the experimenter. For both studies we used a general linear model (GLM) that included regressors for both the expected blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the magnetic source (MS) signal. The results showed no activity that could be attributed to the neuromagnetic signals in either study, and no frequency component corresponding to the frequency of the ssVEPs. This study demonstrates that for the particular stimuli and hardware used, the sensitivity of the magnitude MRI signal to detect evoked neuronal currents is too low to be of practical use.
TI  - Inability to directly detect magnetic field changes associated with neuronal activity
EP  - 416
SN  - 0740-3194
IS  - iss. 2
SP  - 411
JF  - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
VL  - vol. 57
PS  - 6 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21129
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wijnhoven, T.J.M.
AU  - Geelen, J.M.
AU  - Bakker, M.
AU  - Lensen, J.F.M.
AU  - Rops, L.W.M.M.
AU  - Kramer, A.B.
AU  - Navis, G.J.
AU  - Hoven, M.J.W. van den
AU  - Vlag, J. van der
AU  - Berden, J.H.M.
AU  - Wetzels, J.F.M.
AU  - Heuvel, L.P.W.J. van den
AU  - Monnens, L.A.H.
AU  - Kuppevelt, A.H.M.S.M. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51758
AB  - BACKGROUND: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most frequent form of nephrotic syndrome in childhood. In the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of adult patients with MCNS, a reduced expression of a specific heparan sulphate (HS) domain has been reported. In children with MCNS, urinary activity of the HS-degrading enzyme heparanase was increased. It is, therefore, possible that a decreased GBM HS expression is associated with the pathogenesis of proteinuria in patients with MCNS. METHODS: In this study, HS in glomeruli of five adult and six paediatric patients with MCNS were analysed by immunofluorescence staining using four different antibodies, each defining a specific sulphated HS domain. The pediatric patients were subdivided into three groups depending on the presence or absence of podocyte foot process effacement, the level of proteinuria and prednisone administration at the time of the biopsy. In addition, kidneys of rats with adriamycin nephropathy (ADRN), a model for MCNS, were included in the study. RESULTS: Expression of sulphated HS domains was not aberrant in adult or paediatric patients compared with control subjects. Children with and without proteinuria had the same HS content. In contrast, rats with ADRN showed a decreased glomerular expression of sulphated HS domains. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in patients with MCNS proteinuria is not associated with major changes in glomerular expression of sulphated HS domains.
TI  - Adult and paediatric patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome show no major alterations in glomerular expression of sulphated heparan sulphate domains.
EP  - 2893
SN  - 0931-0509
IS  - iss. 10
SP  - 2886
JF  - Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
VL  - vol. 22
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm301
L1  - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/51758/51758.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bouwman, B.M.
AU  - Suffczynski, P.
AU  - Lopes da Silva, F.H.
AU  - Maris, E.G.G.
AU  - Rijn, C.M. van
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/54512
AB  - In this study, the effects of vigabatrin on spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) were measured in WAG/Rij rats, an animal model of absence epilepsy. Vigabatrin was used with the aim of enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission, and in this way to investigate the role of this process in the properties of SWDs. The study was carried out both in the rat, in vivo, and also using a computational model, in order to test different mechanisms that may account for the changes in SWDs after vigabatrin. The model parameters, representing GABA levels, were changed according to the known, and assumed, mechanism of action of the drug. The results show that the computational model can most adequately simulate the data obtained in vivo on the assumption that the enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission due to application of vigabatrin is most pronounced at the level of the thalamic relay nuclei (TC cells). Furthermore, vigabatrin was shown to affect both the SWD starting and stopping mechanisms, as reflected by hazard rates. Based on these results, we suggest that GABAergic neurotransmission in TC cells is actively involved in the SWD termination.
TI  - GABAergic mechanisms in absence epilepsy : a computational model of absence epilepsy simulating spike and wave discharges after vigabatrin in WAG-Rij rats
EP  - 2790
SN  - 0953-816X
IS  - iss. 9
SP  - 2783
JF  - European Journal of Neuroscience
VL  - vol. 25
PS  - 8 p.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05533.x
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laarhoven, H.W.M. van
AU  - Klomp, D.W.J.
AU  - Rijpkema, M.J.P.
AU  - Kamm, Y.J.L.
AU  - Wagener, D.J.T.
AU  - Barentsz, J.O.
AU  - Punt, C.J.A.
AU  - Heerschap, A.
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/2066/51423
AB  - Systemic chemotherapy is effective in only a subset of patients with metastasized colorectal cancer. Therefore, early selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy is desirable. Response to treatment may be determined by the delivery of the drug to the tumor, retention of the drug in the