The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Treatment
Publication year
2012Source
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 186, 6, (2012), pp. 559-565ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor

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Organization
Medical Microbiology
Pulmonary Diseases
Clinical Pharmacy
Journal title
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Volume
vol. 186
Issue
iss. 6
Page start
p. 559
Page end
p. 565
Subject
N4i 1: Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation NCMLS 1: Infection and autoimmunity; N4i 3: Poverty-related infectious diseases; N4i 3: Poverty-related infectious diseases NCEBP 13: Infectious diseases and international healthAbstract
Rationale: Currently recommended multidrug treatment regimens for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease yield limited cure rates. This results, in part, from incomplete understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs. Objectives: To study pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions of multidrug treatment regimens in a large cohort of patients with MAC lung disease. Methods: We retrospectively collected pharmacokinetic data of all patients treated for MAC lung disease in the Adult Care Unit at National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, in the January 2006 to January 2010 period; we retrospectively calculated areas under the time-concentration curve (AUC). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of their MAC isolates were retrieved for pharmacodynamic calculations. Measurements and Main Results: We included 531 pharmacokinetic analyses, performed for 481 patients (84% females; mean age, 63 yr; mean body mass index, 21.6). Peak serum concentrations (C(max)) below target range were frequent for ethambutol (48% of patients); clarithromycin (56%); and azithromycin (35%). Concurrent administration of rifampicin led to 68%, 23%, and 10% decreases in C(max) of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. C(max)/MIC or AUC/MIC ratios associated with bactericidal activity were seldom met; 57% of patients achieved target ratios for ethambutol, versus 42% for clarithromycin, 19% for amikacin, 18% for rifampicin, and 11% for moxifloxacin. Conclusions: Currently recommended regimens for MAC lung disease yield important pharmacologic interactions and low concentrations of key drugs including macrolides. Pharmacodynamic indices for rifampicin, clarithromycin, amikacin, and moxifloxacin are seldom met. This may partly explain the poor outcomes of currently recommended treatment regimens. Trials of new drugs and new dosing strategies are needed.
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- Academic publications [203935]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [80403]
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