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Publication year
2007Source
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 35, 5, (2007), pp. 473-85ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
Human Genetics
Ophthalmology
Journal title
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Volume
vol. 35
Issue
iss. 5
Page start
p. 473
Page end
p. 85
Subject
DCN 1: Perception and Action; IGMD 3: Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders; NCMLS 6: Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease; UMCN 5.1: Genetic defects of metabolismAbstract
Human retinal dystrophies have unparalleled genetic and clinical diversity and are currently linked to more than 185 genetic loci. Genotyping is a crucial exercise, as human gene-specific clinical trials to study photoreceptor rescue are on their way. Testing confirms the diagnosis at the molecular level and allows for a more precise prognosis of the possible future clinical evolution. As treatments are gene-specific and the 'window of opportunity' is time-sensitive; accurate, rapid and cost-effective genetic testing will play an ever-increasing crucial role. The gold standard is sequencing but is fraught with excessive costs, time, manpower issues and finding non-pathogenic variants. Therefore, no centre offers testing of all currently 132 known genes. Several new micro-array technologies have emerged recently, that offer rapid, cost-effective and accurate genotyping. The new disease chips from Asper Ophthalmics (for Stargardt dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis [LCA], Usher syndromes and retinitis pigmentosa) offer an excellent first pass opportunity. All known mutations are placed on the chip and in 4 h a patient's DNA is screened. Identification rates (identifying at least one disease-associated mutation) are currently approximately 70% (Stargardt), approximately 60-70% (LCA) and approximately 45% (Usher syndrome subtype 1). This may be combined with genotype-phenotype correlations that suggest the causal gene from the clinical appearance (e.g. preserved para-arteriolar retinal pigment epithelium suggests the involvement of the CRB1 gene in LCA). As approximately 50% of the retinal dystrophy genes still await discovery, these technologies will improve dramatically as additional novel mutations are added. Genetic testing will then become standard practice to complement the ophthalmic evaluation.
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Academic publications [238426]
- Electronic publications [122508]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [90359]
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