Insights into the biochemical and genetic basis of glucokinase activation from naturally occurring hypoglycemia mutations.
Publication year
2003Source
Diabetes, 52, 9, (2003), pp. 2433-40ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
Paediatrics - OUD tm 2017
Journal title
Diabetes
Volume
vol. 52
Issue
iss. 9
Page start
p. 2433
Page end
p. 40
Subject
UMCN 3.1: Neuromuscular development and genetic disorders; UMCN 5.1: Genetic defects of metabolism; UMCN 5.2: Endocrinology and reproductionAbstract
Glucokinase (GCK) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pancreatic beta-cell and catalyzes the rate-limiting step for beta-cell glucose metabolism. We report two novel GCK mutations (T65I and W99R) that have arisen de novo in two families with familial hypoglycemia. Insulin levels, although inappropriately high for the degree of hypoglycemia, remain regulated by fluctuations in glycemia, and pancreatic histology was normal. These mutations are within the recently identified heterotropic allosteric activator site in the theoretical model of human beta-cell glucokinase. Functional analysis of the purified recombinant glutathionyl S-transferase fusion proteins of T65I and W99R GCK revealed that the kinetic changes result in a relative increased activity index (a measure of the enzyme's phosphorylating potential) of 9.81 and 6.36, respectively, compared with wild-type. The predicted thresholds for glucose-stimulated insulin release using mathematical modeling were 3.1 (T65I) and 2.8 (W99R) mmol/l, which were in line with the patients' fasting glucose. In conclusion, we have identified two novel spontaneous GCK-activating mutations whose clinical phenotype clearly differs from mutations in ATP-sensitive K(+) channel genes. In vitro studies confirm the validity of structural and functional models of GCK and the putative allosteric activator site, which is a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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- Academic publications [238430]
- Faculty of Medical Sciences [90359]
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