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Publication year
2013Source
Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 2, (2013), pp. 346-354ISSN
Publication type
Article / Letter to editor
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Organization
SW OZ DCC CO
Journal title
Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
Volume
vol. 13
Issue
iss. 2
Page start
p. 346
Page end
p. 354
Subject
Biological psychology; Biologische psychologieAbstract
Recent models have suggested an important role for neuromodulation in explaining trial-to-trial adaptations in cognitive control. The adaptation-by-binding model (Verguts & Notebaert, Psychological review, 115(2), 518-525, 2008), for instance, suggests that increased cognitive control in response to conflict (e.g., incongruent flanker stimulus) is the result of stronger binding of stimulus, action, and context representations, mediated by neuromodulators like dopamine (DA) and/or norepinephrine (NE). We presented a flanker task and used the Gratton effect (smaller congruency effect following incongruent trials) as an index of cognitive control. We investigated the Gratton effect in relation to eye blinks (DA related) and pupil dilation (NE related). The results for pupil dilation were not unequivocal, but eye blinks clearly modulated the Gratton effect: The Gratton effect was enhanced after a blink trial, relative to after a no-blink trial, even when controlling for correlated variables. The latter suggests an important role for DA in cognitive control on a trial-to-trial basis.
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